{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T02:03:09Z","timestamp":1792202589894,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cytokine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2025.157004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T16:55:54Z","timestamp":1754412954000},"page":"157004","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Effect of cytokine TGF-\u03b21 on pathological changes in diabetic retinopathy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"194","author":[{"given":"Ilona","family":"Hartmane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingmars","family":"Mikazans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2025.157004_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.355743","article-title":"Inflammation in diabetic retinopathy: possible roles in pathogenesis and potential implications for therapy","volume":"18","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2025.157004_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101799","article-title":"Oxidative stress and diabetic retinopathy: molecular mechanisms, pathogenetic role and therapeutic implications","volume":"37","author":"Kang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2025.157004_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6482","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186482","article-title":"The role of transforming growth factor-beta in retinal ganglion cells with hyperglycemia and oxidative stress","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2025.157004_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4004","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24044004","article-title":"Fibrosis: types, effects, markers, mechanisms for disease progression, and its relation with oxidative stress, immunity, and inflammation","volume":"24","author":"Antar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2025.157004_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9090891","article-title":"Importance of the use of oxidative stress biomarkers and inflammatory profile in aqueous and vitreous humor in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"9","author":"L\u00f3pez-Contreras","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2025.157004_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2022.114829","article-title":"Redox signaling in diabetic retinopathy and opportunity for therapeutic intervention through natural products","volume":"244","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2025.157004_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.601647","article-title":"Biomarkers of neurodegeneration and precision therapy in retinal disease","volume":"11","author":"Micera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2025.157004_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8043135","article-title":"Thrombospondin-1: a key protein that induces fibrosis in diabetic complications","volume":"2020","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2025.157004_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.13008","article-title":"Melatonin attenuates diabetic retinopathy by regulating EndMT of retinal vascular endothelial cells via inhibiting the HDAC7\/FOXO1\/ZEB1 axis","volume":"76","author":"Ning","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2025.157004_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.498758","article-title":"Involvement of TGF-\u03b2 and autophagy pathways in pathogenesis of diabetes: a comprehensive review on biological and pharmacological insights","volume":"11","author":"Heydarpour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2025.157004_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2927","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032927","article-title":"Advanced glycation end-products and diabetic neuropathy of the retina","volume":"24","author":"Oshitari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2025.157004_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18810","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-97970-5","article-title":"Loukovaara, proliferative diabetic retinopathy transcriptomes reveal angiogenesis, anti-angiogenic therapy escape mechanisms, fibrosis and lymphatic involvement","volume":"11","author":"Korhonen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2025.157004_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9558","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21249558","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 serum levels in diabetic retinopathy patients and the role of anti-VEGF therapy","volume":"21","author":"Bonfiglio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2025.157004_bb0070","first-page":"714","article-title":"Study on the relationship between TGF-\u03b21, MMP-9 and diabetic retinopathy in diabetic rat model","volume":"43","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pak. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2025.157004_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4509","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054509","article-title":"Motulsky, experimental models to study epithelial-mesenchymal transition in proliferative vitreoretinopathy","volume":"24","author":"Datlibagi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2025.157004_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05441-y","article-title":"Insights to Ang\/tie signaling pathway: another rosy dawn for treating retinal and choroidal vascular diseases","volume":"22","author":"Sha","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2025.157004_bb0085","article-title":"Mechanistic pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2025.157004_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-021-01518-2","article-title":"PHD2 attenuates high-glucose-induced blood retinal barrier breakdown in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells by regulating the Hif-1\u03b1\/VEGF pathway","volume":"71","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2025.157004_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.016","article-title":"Suppressing long noncoding RNA OGRU ameliorates diabetic retinopathy by inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation via miR-320\/USP14 axis","volume":"169","author":"Fu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2025.157004_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.676267","article-title":"Myofibroblast-derived exosome induce cardiac endothelial cell dysfunction","volume":"8","author":"Ranjan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2025.157004_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1080\/08820538.2023.2300806","article-title":"TGF-\u03b21 mediates the EndoMt in high glucose-treated human retinal microvascular endothelial cells","volume":"39","author":"Ying","year":"2024","journal-title":"Semin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2025.157004_bb0110","article-title":"Chen, role of VEGF-A and LRG1 in abnormal angiogenesis associated with diabetic nephropathy","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2025.157004_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12390","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15739","article-title":"YAP is essential for TGF-\u03b2-induced retinal fibrosis in diabetic rats via promoting the fibrogenic activity of M\u00fcller cells","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2025.157004_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9361","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.29740","article-title":"Knockdown of NEAT1 exerts suppressive effects on diabetic retinopathy progression via inactivating TGF-\u03b21 and VEGF signaling pathways","volume":"235","author":"Shao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2025.157004_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11152336","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 superfamily signaling in the eye: implications for ocular pathologies","volume":"11","author":"Hachana","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2025.157004_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12121774","article-title":"Noncoding RNAs are promising therapeutic targets for diabetic retinopathy: an updated review (2017\u20132022)","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2025.157004_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2024.110168","article-title":"TGF-\u03b21-induced apoptosis in retinal endothelial cells is implicated in retinal vein occlusion","volume":"250","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2025.157004_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21197413","article-title":"Pericyte\u2013endothelial interactions in the retinal microvasculature","volume":"21","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2025.157004_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.14.29","article-title":"Involvement of M\u00fcller glial autoinduction of TGF-\u03b2 in diabetic fibrovascular proliferation via glial-mesenchymal transition","volume":"61","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2025.157004_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.130761","article-title":"Roles of Sirt1 and its modulators in diabetic microangiopathy: a review","volume":"264","author":"Jin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2025.157004_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1159\/000507762","article-title":"Higher TGF-\u03b21, TGF-\u03b22, MMP-2, and TIMP-1 levels in the aqueous humor of patients with acute primary angle closure","volume":"64","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2025.157004_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-022-02317-x","article-title":"Status of higher TGF-\u03b21 and TGF-\u03b22 levels in the aqueous humour of patients with diabetes and cataracts","volume":"22","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol."}],"container-title":["Cytokine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1043466625001516?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1043466625001516?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T20:34:10Z","timestamp":1755808450000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1043466625001516"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["S1043466625001516"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cyto.2025.157004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1043-4666"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1043-4666","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effect of cytokine TGF-\u03b21 on pathological changes in diabetic retinopathy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cytokine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cyto.2025.157004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"157004"}}