{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T10:30:57Z","timestamp":1794479457048,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019771","name":"European Union's Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019771","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cytokine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2026.157220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T09:29:00Z","timestamp":1791278940000},"page":"157220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A CXCL10-enriched hepatic-risk phenotype reveals a cell-count paradox in severe COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"208","author":[{"given":"Lara \u0160amadan","family":"Markovi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Vrsaljko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loris","family":"Mo\u010dibob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neven","family":"Papi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2026.157220_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23073636","article-title":"Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio: an emerging marker of the relationships between the immune system and diseases","volume":"23","author":"Buonacera","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2026.157220_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27297","article-title":"Role of platelet-to-lymphocyte count ratio (PLR), as a prognostic indicator in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"94","author":"Sarkar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2026.157220_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1212998","article-title":"Systemic inflammation index, disease severity, and mortality in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Mangoni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2026.157220_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R192","DOI":"10.1186\/cc9309","article-title":"Lymphocytopenia and neutrophil-lymphocyte count ratio predict bacteremia better than conventional infection markers in an emergency care unit","volume":"14","author":"de Jager","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2026.157220_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2016.10.055","article-title":"Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic marker in critically-ill septic patients","volume":"35","author":"Hwang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Emerg. Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2026.157220_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25819","article-title":"Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a meta-analysis","volume":"92","author":"Lagunas-Rangel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2026.157220_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-014-0731-6","article-title":"The association between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and mortality in critical illness: an observational cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Salciccioli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2026.157220_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00520-7","article-title":"Cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction","volume":"19","author":"Albillos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2026.157220_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.A. Qamar, N.D. Grace, R.J. Groszmann, G. Garcia-Tsao, J. Bosch, A.K. Burroughs, C. Ripoll, R. Maurer, R. Planas, A. Escorsell, J.C. Garcia-Pagan, D. Patch, D.S. Matloff, R. Makuch, G. Rendon, G. Portal Hypertension Collaborative, Incidence, prevalence, and clinical significance of abnormal hematologic indices in compensated cirrhosis, Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 7(6) (2009) 689\u201395. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2009.02.021.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2009.02.021"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2026.157220_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21178","article-title":"Development of a simple noninvasive index to predict significant fibrosis in patients with HIV\/HCV coinfection","volume":"43","author":"Sterling","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2026.157220_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.04.031","article-title":"EASL-EASD-EASO clinical practice guidelines on the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)","volume":"81","author":"European Association for the Study of the lLiver (EASL)","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2026.157220_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa355","article-title":"Elevation of liver fibrosis index FIB-4 is associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19","volume":"222","author":"Ibanez-Samaniego","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2026.157220_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-321611","article-title":"Risk of severe illness from COVID-19 in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and increased fibrosis scores","volume":"69","author":"Targher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2026.157220_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-1051-9","article-title":"An inflammatory cytokine signature predicts COVID-19 severity and survival","volume":"26","author":"Del Valle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"10229","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2026.157220_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30628-0","article-title":"On behalf of the HLH across Speciality collaboration, UK, COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression","volume":"395","author":"Mehta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"49","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2026.157220_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abd1554","article-title":"Immunophenotyping of COVID-19 and influenza highlights the role of type I interferons in development of severe COVID-19","volume":"5","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"issue":"7821","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2026.157220_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2588-y","article-title":"Longitudinal analyses reveal immunological misfiring in severe COVID-19","volume":"584","author":"Lucas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2026.157220_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2515","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14583","article-title":"Impact of chronic liver disease on outcomes of hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a multicentre United States experience","volume":"40","author":"Hashemi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2026.157220_bb0095","article-title":"Distinct cytokine profiles in severe COVID-19 and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"12","author":"Papic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2026.157220_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11061571","article-title":"TGF beta as a prognostic biomarker of COVID-19 severity in patients with NAFLD-A prospective case-control study","volume":"11","author":"Susak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2026.157220_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11237049","article-title":"COVID-19 and pulmonary thrombosis-an unresolved clinical puzzle: a single-center cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Mocibob","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2026.157220_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac073","article-title":"Association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with COVID-19 severity and pulmonary thrombosis: CovidFAT, a prospective, observational cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Vrsaljko","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2026.157220_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106504","article-title":"The diagnostic and predictive role of NLR, d-NLR and PLR in COVID-19 patients","volume":"84","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2026.157220_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2020.12.005","article-title":"The cytokine storm in COVID-19: further advances in our understanding the role of specific chemokines involved","volume":"58","author":"Coperchini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2026.157220_bb0125","first-page":"121","article-title":"CXCL10\/IP-10 in infectious diseases pathogenesis and potential therapeutic implications","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2026.157220_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23073673","article-title":"What is currently known about the role of CXCL10 in SARS-CoV-2 infection?","volume":"23","author":"Gudowska-Sawczuk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2026.157220_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31404","article-title":"Acute liver injury in COVID-19: prevalence and association with clinical outcomes in a large U.S. cohort","volume":"72","author":"Phipps","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2026.157220_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000002446","article-title":"Comparison of liver function test- and inflammation-based prognostic scores for coronavirus disease 2019: a single center study","volume":"34","author":"Cholongitas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2026.157220_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-020-10072-8","article-title":"Pre-existing liver disease is associated with poor outcome in patients with SARS CoV2 infection; the APCOLIS study (APASL COVID-19 liver injury spectrum study)","volume":"14","author":"Sarin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatol. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2026.157220_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.08.031","article-title":"Characterization of the cytokine storm reflects hyperinflammatory endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19","volume":"147","author":"Sims","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2026.157220_bb0155","first-page":"7497","article-title":"CXCL10 an important chemokine associated with cytokine storm in COVID-19 infected patients","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2026.157220_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-021-00390-4","article-title":"CXCL10 levels at hospital admission predict COVID-19 outcome: hierarchical assessment of 53 putative inflammatory biomarkers in an observational study","volume":"27","author":"Lore","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2026.157220_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.06.043","article-title":"Roles for chemokines in liver disease","volume":"147","author":"Marra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2026.157220_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2011.02504.x","article-title":"Serum chemokine receptor CXCR3 ligands are associated with progression, organ dysfunction and complications of chronic liver diseases","volume":"31","author":"Tacke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2026.157220_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v15081704","article-title":"Compartmentalized regulation of pulmonary and systemic inflammation in critical COVID-19 patients","volume":"15","author":"Santiago","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2026.157220_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Schulte-Schrepping, N. Reusch, D. Paclik, K. Bassler, S. Schlickeiser, B. Zhang, B. Kramer, T. Krammer, S. Brumhard, L. Bonaguro, E. De Domenico, D. Wendisch, M. Grasshoff, T.S. Kapellos, M. Beckstette, T. Pecht, A. Saglam, O. Dietrich, H.E. Mei, A.R. Schulz, C. Conrad, D. Kunkel, E. Vafadarnejad, C.J. Xu, A. Horne, M. Herbert, A. Drews, C. Thibeault, M. Pfeiffer, S. Hippenstiel, A. Hocke, H. Muller-Redetzky, K.M. Heim, F. Machleidt, A. Uhrig, L. Bosquillon de Jarcy, L. Jurgens, M. Stegemann, C.R. Glosenkamp, H.D. Volk, C. Goffinet, M. Landthaler, E. Wyler, P. Georg, M. Schneider, C. Dang-Heine, N. Neuwinger, K. Kappert, R. Tauber, V. Corman, J. Raabe, K.M. Kaiser, M.T. Vinh, G. Rieke, C. Meisel, T. Ulas, M. Becker, R. Geffers, M. Witzenrath, C. Drosten, N. Suttorp, C. von Kalle, F. Kurth, K. Handler, J.L. Schultze, A.C. Aschenbrenner, Y. Li, J. Nattermann, B. Sawitzki, A.E. Saliba, L.E. Sander, Deutsche COVID-19 OMICS Initiative, Severe COVID-19 is marked by a dysregulated myeloid cell compartment, Cell vol. 182(6) (2020) 1419\u20131440 e23. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2020.08.001.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.08.001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2026.157220_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1682049","article-title":"Minimal association between Th1-specific responses to COVID-19 vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in multiple sclerosis patients receiving disease-modifying therapies","volume":"16","author":"Aiello","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Cytokine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1043466626001158?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1043466626001158?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T09:56:29Z","timestamp":1794477389000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1043466626001158"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S1043466626001158"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cyto.2026.157220","relation":{},"ISSN":["1043-4666"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1043-4666","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A CXCL10-enriched hepatic-risk phenotype reveals a cell-count paradox in severe COVID-19","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cytokine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cyto.2026.157220","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"157220"}}