{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T16:26:55Z","timestamp":1768321615030,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,1]],"date-time":"2009-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1254355200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cytokine &amp; Growth Factor Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,7]],"date-time":"2009-11-07T11:41:35Z","timestamp":1257594095000},"page":"399-407","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["The FOP metamorphogene encodes a novel type I receptor that dysregulates BMP signaling"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Frederick S.","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Pignolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eileen M.","family":"Shore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1385\/BMM:3:3-4:183","article-title":"The phenotype of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva","volume":"3","author":"Kaplan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2007.11.007","article-title":"Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva","volume":"22","author":"Kaplan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1385\/BMM:3:3-4:201","article-title":"The genetics of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva","volume":"3","author":"Shore","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199302000-00008","article-title":"The natural history of heterotopic ossification in patients who have fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva","volume":"75-A","author":"Cohen","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199404000-00038","article-title":"Age and joint-specific risk of initial heterotopic ossification in patients who have fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva","volume":"301","author":"Rocke","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Rel Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.64B1.7068725","article-title":"Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. The clinical features and natural history of 34 patients","volume":"64","author":"Connor","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib7","first-page":"238","article-title":"Radiographic and scintigraphic features of modeling and remodeling in the heterotopic skeleton of patients who have fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva","volume":"304","author":"Kaplan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Rel Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s002470100447","article-title":"Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva","volume":"31","author":"Mahboubi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1295","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1980","article-title":"Early diagnosis of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva","volume":"121","author":"Kaplan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0469","article-title":"Iatrogenic harm caused by diagnostic errors in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva","volume":"116","author":"Kitterman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1385\/BMM:3:3-4:213","article-title":"Thoracic insufficiency syndrome in patients with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva","volume":"3","author":"Kaplan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199801000-00015","article-title":"Pulmonary and cardiac function in advanced fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva","volume":"346","author":"Kussmaul","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Rel Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1080\/08977190412331279890","article-title":"Bone morphogenetic proteins","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Growth Factors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-006-9000-6","article-title":"Bone morphogenetic proteins and their antagonists","volume":"7","author":"Gazzerro","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2783","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1350705","article-title":"Smad transcription factors","volume":"19","author":"Massague","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)00432-X","article-title":"Mechanisms of TGF-beta signaling from cell membrane to the nucleus","volume":"113","author":"Shi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1126\/science.150.3698.893","article-title":"Bone formation by autoinduction","volume":"150","author":"Urist","year":"1965","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2297","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2-SMAD signal transduction: molecular specificity and functional flexibility","volume":"8","author":"Schmierer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2968","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2007.05839.x","article-title":"Bone morphogenetic protein signaling in stem cells\u2014one signal many consequences","volume":"274","author":"Wagner","year":"2007","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5062","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0500031102","article-title":"BMPR1A and BMPR1B have overlapping functions and are essential for chondrogenesis in vivo","volume":"102","author":"Yoon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb434","article-title":"Differentiation plasticity regulated by the TGF-\u03b2 family proteins in development and disease","volume":"9","author":"Derynck","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890600919911","article-title":"Mutations of TGF-\u03b2 signaling molecules in human disease","volume":"38","author":"Harradine","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1002\/sita.200600098","article-title":"Yin and Yang in BMP signaling: impact on the pathology of diseases and potential for tissue regeneration","volume":"6","author":"Hartung","year":"2006","journal-title":"Signal Transduct"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.20211","article-title":"Multiple functions of BMPs in chondrogenesis","volume":"93","author":"Yoon","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3866","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/16.13.3866","article-title":"Mechanism of TGF-\u03b2 receptor inhibition by FKBP12","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"1997","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80555-3","article-title":"Crystal structure of the cytosplasmic domain of the type I TGF-\u03b2 receptor in complex with FKBP12","volume":"96","author":"Huse","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(01)00332-X","article-title":"The TGF-\u03b2 receptor activation process: an inhibitor-to-substrate binding switch","volume":"8","author":"Huse","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80116-6","article-title":"The immunophilin FKBP12 functions as a common inhibitor of the TGF-\u03b2 family type I receptors","volume":"86","author":"Wang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12477","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C100008200","article-title":"Smurf 1 interacts with transforming growth factor-\u03b2 type I receptor through Smad7 and induces receptor degradation","volume":"276","author":"Ebisawa","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1677\/jme.1.01966","article-title":"FKBP12 functions as an adaptor of the Smad7\u2013Smurf1 complex on activin type I receptor","volume":"36","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02555995","article-title":"Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: a clue from the fly?","volume":"47","author":"Kaplan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(97)90133-7","article-title":"Bone morphogenetic protein 2\/4 in early fibromatous lesions of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva","volume":"28","author":"Gannon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200303000-00044","article-title":"Bone morphogenetic protein 4 regulation in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva","volume":"408","author":"Olmsted","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Rel Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1126\/science.273.5279.1170","article-title":"Protein builds second skeleton","volume":"273","author":"Roush","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199608223350804","article-title":"Over-expression of an osteogenic morphogen in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva","volume":"335","author":"Shafritz","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200304000-00013","article-title":"Paresis of a bone morphogenetic protein-antagonist response in a genetic disorder of heterotopic skeletogenesis","volume":"85-A","author":"Ahn","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1385\/BMM:3:3-4:217","article-title":"Dysregulation of BMP4 receptor trafficking and signaling in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva","volume":"3","author":"Kaplan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.050305","article-title":"Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), a disorder of ectopic osteogenesis, misregulates cell surface expression and trafficking of BMPRIA","volume":"20","author":"Serrano de la Pe\u00f1a","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.21370","article-title":"HSPG modulation of BMP signaling in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva cells","volume":"102","author":"O\u2019Connell","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M513414200","article-title":"Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) modulate BMP2 osteogenic bioactivity in C2C12 cells","volume":"282","author":"Jiao","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1346.008","article-title":"Dysregulation of the BMP4 signaling pathway in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva","volume":"1068","author":"Kaplan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.071030","article-title":"Dysregulated BMP signaling and enhanced osteogenic differentiation of connective tissue progenitor cells from patients with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva","volume":"23","author":"Billings","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.060215","article-title":"Dysregulation of the BMP-p38 MAPK signaling pathway in cells from patients with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP)","volume":"21","author":"Fiori","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1783","article-title":"A recurrent mutation in the BMP type I receptor ACVR1 causes inherited and sporadic fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva","volume":"38","author":"Shore","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.7.5.705","article-title":"A new era of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP): a druggable target for the second skeleton","volume":"7","author":"Kaplan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp Opin Biol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen Q, Little SC, Xu M, Haupt J, Ast C, Katagiri T, Mundlos S, Seemann P, Kaplan FS, Mullins MC, Shore EM. The fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva R206H ACVR1 mutation activates BMP-independent chondrogenesis and zebrafish embryo ventralization. J Clin Invest 2009; pii 37412. doi:10.1172\/JCI37412.[Epub ahead of print].","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI37412"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1402.039","article-title":"Morphogen receptor genes and metamorphogenes: skeleton keys to metamorphosis","volume":"1116","author":"Kaplan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1999.9378","article-title":"Multiple roles for activin-like kinase-2 signaling during mouse embryogenesis","volume":"213","author":"Mishina","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.9.1593","article-title":"ALK2 functions as a BMP type I receptor and induces Indian Hedgehog in chondrocytes during skeletal development","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.1997.3680","article-title":"Constitutively active BMP type I receptors transduce BMP2 signals without the ligand in C2C12 myoblasts","volume":"235","author":"Akiyama","year":"1997","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7149","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M801681200","article-title":"Constitutively activated ALK2 and increased SMAD1\/5 cooperatively induce bone morphogenetic protein signaling in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva","volume":"284","author":"Fukada","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1870","article-title":"Bone morphogenetic protein heterodimers assemble heteromeric type I receptor complexes to pattern the dorsorventral axis","volume":"11","author":"Little","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3295","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02513","article-title":"Dual function of the Drosophila Alk1\/Alk2 ortholog Saxophone shapes the BMP activity gradient in the wing imaginal disc","volume":"133","author":"Bangi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1097\/BLO.0b013e318126c049","article-title":"Functional modeling of the ACVR1 (R206H) mutation in FOP","volume":"462","author":"Groppe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Rel Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.09.027","article-title":"Integrating patterning signals: Wnt\/GSK3 regulates the duration of the BMP\/SMAD1 signal","volume":"131","author":"Fuentealba","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1385\/BMM:3:3-4:189","article-title":"Immunological features of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva and the dysregulated BMP4 Pathway","volume":"3","author":"Kaplan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(95)70408-6","article-title":"Permanent heterotopic ossification at the injection site after diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis immunizations in children who have fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva","volume":"126","author":"Lanchoney","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(96)80141-7","article-title":"Severe restriction in jaw movement after routine injection of local anesthetic in patients who have fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva","volume":"81","author":"Luchetti","year":"1995","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000129557.38803.26","article-title":"Influenza-like viral illnesses and flare-ups of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP)","volume":"423","author":"Scarlett","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Rel Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1385\/BMM:3:3-4:205","article-title":"Three pairs of monozygotic twins with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: the role of environment in the progression of heterotopic ossification","volume":"3","author":"Hebela","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2008-0576","article-title":"Dysregulation of local stem\/progenitor cells as a common cellular mechanism for heterotopic ossification","volume":"27","author":"Kan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.F.00472","article-title":"Hematopoietic stem-cell contribution to ectopic skeletogenesis","volume":"89","author":"Kaplan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.01177","article-title":"Identification of progenitor cells that contribute to heterotopic skeletogenesis","volume":"91","author":"Lounev","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1888","article-title":"BMP type I receptor inhibition prevents ectopic ossification in mouse model of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP)","volume":"14","author":"Yu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib65","article-title":"ACVR1 knock-in mouse model for fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva","volume":"23","author":"Chakkalakal","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2332","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200312000-00010","article-title":"In vivo somatic cell gene transfer of an engineered noggin mutein prevents BMP4-induced heterotopic ossification","volume":"85-A","author":"Glaser","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63372-X","article-title":"Transgenic mice overexpressing BMP4 develop a fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP)-like phenotype","volume":"165","author":"Kan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.20868","article-title":"Classic and atypical FOP phenotypes caused by mutations in the BMP type I receptor ACVR1","volume":"30","author":"Kaplan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.00774","article-title":"Proximal tibial osteochondromas in patients with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva","volume":"90","author":"Deirmengian","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000166619.22832.2c","article-title":"Developmental anomalies of the cervical spine in patients with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva are distinctly different from those in patients with Klippel-Feil syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Schaffer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib71","unstructured":"Kaplan FS, Groppe J, Seemann P, Pignolo RJ, Shore EM. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: developmental implications of a novel metamorphogene. In: Bronner, Farah-Carson, Roach, editors. Bone development. Topics in bone biology, vol. 6; in press [Chapter 14]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-008-0879-8","article-title":"Skeletal metamorphosis in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP)","volume":"26","author":"Kaplan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18023","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0503617102","article-title":"BMP signaling stimulates cellular differentiation at multiple steps during cartilage development","volume":"102","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2005","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1126\/science.280.5368.1455","article-title":"Noggin, cartilage morphogenesis, and joint formation in the mammalian skeleton","volume":"280","author":"Brunet","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib75","first-page":"s433","article-title":"Hypoxia promotes ligand-independent activation of the ACVR1 (R206H) mutant receptor in C2C12 cells","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.060692","article-title":"Hypoxic adipocytes pattern early heterotopic bone formation","volume":"170","author":"Olmsted-Davis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06159","article-title":"Conversion of mature B cells into T cells by dedifferentiation to uncommitted progenitors","volume":"449","author":"Cobaleda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199801000-00005","article-title":"Acute lymphocytic infiltration in an extremely early lesion of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva","volume":"346","author":"Gannon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Rel Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199302000-00009","article-title":"The histopathology of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: an endochondral process","volume":"75-A","author":"Kaplan","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1385\/BMM:3:3-4:195","article-title":"The fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva lesion","volume":"3","author":"Pignolo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1413","article-title":"Stromal cells of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva lesions express smooth muscle lineage markers and the osteogenic transcription factor Runx2\/Cbfa-1: clues to a vascular origin of heterotopic ossification","volume":"201","author":"Hegyi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.150","article-title":"Circulating osteogenic precursor cells in heterotopic bone formation","author":"Suda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1053\/hupa.2001.26464","article-title":"Mast cell involvement in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva","volume":"32","author":"Gannon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200403000-00007","article-title":"Heterotopic ossification","volume":"12","author":"Kaplan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib85","unstructured":"Kaplan F, Groppe J, Shore EM. When one skeleton is enough: approaches and strategies for the treatment of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. Drug Discov Today: Ther Strategies, in press."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1038\/437491a","article-title":"A new grammar for drug discovery","volume":"437","author":"Fishman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib87","first-page":"1","article-title":"The key to the closet is the key to the kingdom: a common lesson of rare diseases","volume":"24","author":"Kaplan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Orphan Dis Updat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2008.06.052","article-title":"Structure\u2013activity relationship study of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling inhibitors","volume":"18","author":"Cuny","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.2007.54","article-title":"Dorsomorphin inhibits BMP signals required for embryogenesis and iron metabolism","volume":"4","author":"Yu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Chem Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio0108-15","article-title":"Small-molecule dissection of BMP signaling","volume":"4","author":"Anderson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Chem Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.003707","article-title":"What lies at the interface of regenerative medicine and developmental biology?","volume":"134","author":"Ingber","year":"2007","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006_bib92","first-page":"81","article-title":"A few hundred people turned to bone","volume":"281","author":"Maeder","year":"1988","journal-title":"Atlantic Monthly"}],"container-title":["Cytokine &amp; Growth Factor Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1359610109000811?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1359610109000811?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,27]],"date-time":"2023-05-27T13:03:09Z","timestamp":1685192589000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1359610109000811"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5-6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1359610109000811"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-6101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-6101","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]}}}