{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T21:55:24Z","timestamp":1792533324156,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007186","name":"Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007186","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005595","name":"University of California","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cytokine &amp; Growth Factor Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T16:28:46Z","timestamp":1768580926000},"page":"58-66","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["TGF-\u03b2\u2013YY1 signaling as a key driver of immune evasion in pancreatic cancer: Therapeutic implications"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Mai P.","family":"Ho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Ung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evagelia","family":"Skouradaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5981-1156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stavroula","family":"Baritaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Bonavida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s12029-025-01183-2","article-title":"Trends in the global incidence of pancreatic cancer and a brief review of its histologic and molecular subtypes","volume":"56","author":"Leiphrakpam","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S58","DOI":"10.4103\/eus.eus_60_17","article-title":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma epidemiology and risk assessment: Could we prevent? Possibility for an early diagnosis","volume":"6","author":"Bekkali","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endosc. Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1011923","article-title":"FOLFIRINOX versus gemcitabine for metastatic pancreatic cancer","volume":"364","author":"Conroy","year":"2011","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6602","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-21-1681","article-title":"Organoids derived from neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX patients recapitulate therapy resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","volume":"27","author":"Farshadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djac018","article-title":"Trans-Atlantic Pancreatic Surgery (TAPS) Consortium, FOLFIRINOX as Initial Treatment for Localized Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: A Retrospective Analysis by the Trans-Atlantic Pancreatic Surgery Consortium","volume":"114","author":"Janssen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers6042137","article-title":"Desmoplasia and chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer","volume":"6","author":"Schober","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5685","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000002564","article-title":"FDA endorses NALIRIFOX for metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma: an editorial","volume":"86","author":"Urooj","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.50756","article-title":"NALIRIFOX, FOLFIRINOX, and Gemcitabine With Nab-Paclitaxel as First-Line Chemotherapy for Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"7","author":"Nichetti","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1038\/s41698-024-00681-z","article-title":"Barriers and opportunities in pancreatic cancer immunotherapy","volume":"8","author":"Ju","year":"2024","journal-title":"Npj Precis. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpt.2024.07.002","article-title":"Dynamics of epithelial\u2013mesenchymal plasticity driving cancer drug resistance","volume":"3","author":"Bangarh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Pathog. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers9090122","article-title":"EMT and Treatment Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer","volume":"9","author":"Gaianigo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-06032-3","article-title":"The role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and autophagy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma invasion","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2024.116646","article-title":"Exploring the potential of TGF\u03b2 as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target against cancer","volume":"231","author":"Garg","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1734","article-title":"Activation of canonical Wnt signalling is required for TGF-\u03b2-mediated fibrosis","volume":"3","author":"Akhmetshina","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132978","article-title":"The Crosstalk between Nrf2 and TGF-\u03b21 in the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Pancreatic Duct Epithelial Cells","volume":"10","author":"Arfmann-Kn\u00fcbel","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13291","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R900010200","article-title":"The Nrf2-antioxidant response element signaling pathway and its activation by oxidative stress","volume":"284","author":"Nguyen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1007\/s13402-021-00594-0","article-title":"Role of TGF-\u03b2 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression and PD-L1 expression","volume":"44","author":"Hussain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell. Oncol. Dordr. Neth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2021.08.008","article-title":"Simultaneous targeting of TGF-\u03b2\/PD-L1 synergizes with radiotherapy by reprogramming the tumor microenvironment to overcome immune evasion","volume":"39","author":"Lan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52294","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.10561","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 induces M2-like macrophage polarization via SNAIL-mediated suppression of a pro-inflammatory phenotype","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2022.10.019","article-title":"The role of TGF-\u03b2 in the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer","volume":"10","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genes Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-021-05087-x","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 Alters the Proportion of Infiltrating Immune Cells in a Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma","volume":"26","author":"Trebska-McGowan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Surg. Off. J. Soc. Surg. Aliment. Trac."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2020.38.4_suppl.764","article-title":"The effect of TGF-\u03b2 on PD-L1 expression on PDAC TAMs","volume":"38","author":"Trebska-McGowan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaw2050","article-title":"Yin Yang 1 protein ameliorates diabetic nephropathy pathology through transcriptional repression of TGF\u03b21","volume":"11","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10789","article-title":"YY1 inhibits differentiation and function of regulatory T cells by blocking Foxp3 expression and activity","volume":"7","author":"Hwang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s13062-024-00481-2","article-title":"YY1 mediated DCUN1D5 transcriptional activation promotes triple-negative breast cancer progression by targeting FN1\/PI3K\/AKT pathway","volume":"19","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biol. Direct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3464","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14243","article-title":"FAM3C-YY1 axis is essential for TGF\u03b2-promoted proliferation and migration of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells via the activation of HSF1","volume":"23","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14628","article-title":"Transcription factor YY1 contributes to human melanoma cell growth through modulating the p53 signalling pathway","volume":"31","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-019-1223-7","article-title":"YY1 mediates TGF-\u03b21-induced EMT and pro-fibrogenesis in alveolar epithelial cells","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2018.03.009","article-title":"YY1 Upregulates Checkpoint Receptors and Downregulates Type I Cytokines in Exhausted, Chronically Stimulated Human T Cells","volume":"2","author":"Balkhi","year":"2018","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16061237","article-title":"Regulation of PD-L1 Expression by YY1 in Cancer: Therapeutic Efficacy of Targeting YY1","volume":"16","author":"Dillen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15081069","article-title":"Yin Yang 1 (YY1) as a Central Node in Drug Resistance Pathways: Potential for Combination Strategies in Cancer Therapy","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16030491","article-title":"Clinical Potential of YY1-Hypoxia Axis for Vascular Normalization and to Improve Immunotherapy","volume":"16","author":"Meo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-024-07239-8","article-title":"YY1 downregulation underlies therapeutic response to molecular targeted agents","volume":"15","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2024.116422","article-title":"The YY1-CPT1C signaling axis modulates the proliferation and metabolism of pancreatic tumor cells under hypoxia","volume":"227","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-020-01414-5","article-title":"Transcription factor YY1 mediates epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition through the TGF\u03b2 signaling pathway in bladder cancer","volume":"37","author":"Xia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5086","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13205086","article-title":"TGF\u03b2 Signaling in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment","volume":"13","author":"Principe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-017-0168-0","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 in pancreatic cancer initiation and progression: two sides of the same coin","volume":"7","author":"Shen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib38","first-page":"2769","article-title":"SMAD Proteins in TGF-\u03b2 Signalling Pathway in Cancer: Regulatory Mechanisms and Clinical Applications","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagn. Basel Switz."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a022061","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a022061","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 Signaling from Receptors to Smads","volume":"8","author":"Hata","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep35483","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 induces p53\/Smads complex formation in the PAI-1 promoter to activate transcription","volume":"6","author":"Kawarada","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2017.10.001","article-title":"Mechanistic insight into contextual TGF-\u03b2 signaling","volume":"51","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01764-w","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 signaling in health, disease and therapeutics","volume":"9","author":"Deng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib43","article-title":"The Dual Role of TGF\u03b2 in Human Cancer: From Tumor Suppression to Cancer Metastasis","volume":"2012","author":"Lebrun","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISRN Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2025.05.004","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2-driven EMT in cancer progression and drug resistance","volume":"85","author":"Luo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1602452","article-title":"Role of TGF\u03b2-activated cancer-associated fibroblasts in the resistance to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy","volume":"15","author":"Hou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10121666","article-title":"Transforming Growth Factor-\u03b2 Signaling in Fibrotic Diseases and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts","volume":"10","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2019.07.019","article-title":"YY1 inhibits the migration and invasion of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by downregulating the FER\/STAT3\/MMP2 signaling pathway","volume":"463","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-16-1898","article-title":"KRAS\/NF-\u03baB\/YY1\/miR-489 Signaling Axis Controls Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis","volume":"77","author":"Yuan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-022-02712-w","article-title":"YY1 promotes pancreatic cancer cell proliferation by enhancing mitochondrial respiration","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3506","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15133506","article-title":"Targeting Transcription Factor YY1 for Cancer Treatment: Current Strategies and Future Directions","volume":"15","author":"Hosea","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2019.04.001","article-title":"YY1 regulates cancer cell immune resistance by modulating PD-L1 expression","volume":"43","author":"Hays","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Resist. Updat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2022.110400","article-title":"IFN\u03b3-induced PD-L1 expression in ovarian cancer cells is regulated by JAK1, STAT1 and IRF1 signaling","volume":"97","author":"Padmanabhan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17010019","article-title":"The Role of YY1 in the regulation of LAG-3 expression in CD8 T cells and immune evasion in cancer: therapeutic implications","volume":"17","author":"Merenstein","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-56474-w","article-title":"Skeletal muscle stem cells modulate niche function in Duchenne muscular dystrophy mouse through YY1-CCL5 axis","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-020-01235-8","article-title":"The Complexity of Targeting Chemokines to Promote a Tumor Immune Response","volume":"43","author":"Strazza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-021-00602-8","article-title":"Effect of the transcription factor YY1 on the development of pancreatic endocrine and exocrine tumors: a narrative review","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4183","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.43481","article-title":"The biological implications of Yin Yang 1 in the hallmarks of cancer","volume":"10","author":"Meliala","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4494","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.23.13.4494-4510.2003","article-title":"Nuclear factor YY1 inhibits transforming growth factor beta- and bone morphogenetic protein-induced cell differentiation","volume":"23","author":"Kurisaki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.592164","article-title":"The Why of YY1: mechanisms of transcriptional regulation by Yin Yang 1","volume":"8","author":"Verheul","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib60","article-title":"The love-hate relationship between TGF-\u03b2 signaling and the immune system during development and tumorigenesis","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030152","article-title":"Conversion of peripheral CD4+CD25- naive T cells to CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells by TGF-beta induction of transcription factor Foxp3","volume":"198","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.2147\/ITT.S512700","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 Decreases NK Cell Mobility and Cytotoxic Efficacy in Complex in vitro Models of the Leukemia Microenvironment","volume":"14","author":"\u0160vubov\u00e1","year":"2025","journal-title":"ImmunoTargets Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2023.04.001","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 mediated drug resistance in solid cancer","volume":"71\u201372","author":"Turati","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1295257","article-title":"Tumor-associated macrophages: an effective player of the tumor microenvironment","volume":"14","author":"Basak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2010.04.002","article-title":"TGF-beta and immune cells: an important regulatory axis in the tumor microenvironment and progression","volume":"31","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib66","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 Enhances Immunosuppression of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells to Induce Transplant Immune Tolerance Through Affecting Arg-1 Expression","volume":"13","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.694145","article-title":"TGF-\u03b21 induces immune escape by enhancing PD-1 and CTLA-4 expression on T lymphocytes in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"11","author":"Bao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-024-01394-0","article-title":"The role of transforming growth factor-\u03b2 (TGF-\u03b2) in the formation of exhausted CD8\u2009+\u2009T cells","volume":"24","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-009-0692-9","article-title":"TGF-beta modulates the functionality of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells through effects on TCR signaling and Spred1 expression","volume":"58","author":"di Bari","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother. CII"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib70","article-title":"Why do tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes have variable efficacy in the treatment of solid tumors?","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4267","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15174267","article-title":"Role of YY1 in the Regulation of Anti-Apoptotic Gene Products in Drug-Resistant Cancer Cells","volume":"15","author":"Jung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2022-006020","article-title":"YY1 complex in M2 macrophage promotes prostate cancer progression by upregulating IL-6","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-03773-x","article-title":"STAT3\/miR-135b\/NF-\u03baB axis confers aggressiveness and unfavorable prognosis in non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"12","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1007\/s10637-020-00910-9","article-title":"Phase 1b\/2a study of galunisertib, a small molecule inhibitor of transforming growth factor-beta receptor I, in combination with standard temozolomide-based radiochemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed malignant glioma","volume":"38","author":"Wick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Invest. N. Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib75","article-title":"Vactosertib, TGF-\u03b2 receptor I inhibitor, augments the sensitization of the anti-cancer activity of gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer, Biomed. Pharmacother","volume":"162","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedecine Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2020.1811605","article-title":"Pan-TGF\u03b2 inhibition by SAR439459 relieves immunosuppression and improves antitumor efficacy of PD-1 blockade","volume":"9","author":"Greco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2023-008480","article-title":"Efficacy, safety, and biomarker analyses of bintrafusp alfa, a bifunctional fusion protein targeting TGF-\u03b2 and PD-L1, in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"12","author":"Rajan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6261","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-61560-0","article-title":"YY1 enhances HIF-1\u03b1 stability in tumor-associated macrophages to suppress anti-tumor immunity of prostate cancer in mice","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2402","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13102402","article-title":"Disruption of YY1-EZH2 Interaction Using Synthetic Peptides Inhibits Breast Cancer Development","volume":"13","author":"Yi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.05.035","article-title":"The BET inhibitor JQ1 attenuates double-strand break repair and sensitizes models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma to PARP inhibitors","volume":"44","author":"Miller","year":"2019","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2475-3","article-title":"The YY1\/miR-548t-5p\/CXCL11 signaling axis regulates cell proliferation and metastasis in human pancreatic cancer","volume":"11","author":"Ge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib82","article-title":"Local Release of TGF-\u03b2 Inhibitor Modulates Tumor-Associated Neutrophils and Enhances Pancreatic Cancer Response to Combined Irreversible Electroporation and Immunotherapy","volume":"9","author":"Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. Weinh. Baden. Wurtt. Ger."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1362247","article-title":"The TGF-\u03b2 superfamily as potential therapeutic targets in pancreatic cancer","volume":"14","author":"Tindall","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2827","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb46040177","article-title":"Significance of TP53, CDKN2A, SMAD4 and KRAS in pancreatic cancer","volume":"46","author":"Stefanoudakis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00659-4","article-title":"The molecular biology of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: translational challenges and clinical perspectives","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13030401","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 in Cancer: Metabolic Driver of the Tolerogenic Crosstalk in the Tumor Microenvironment","volume":"13","author":"Angioni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2023.07.002","article-title":"KRASG12D inhibition reprograms the microenvironment of early and advanced pancreatic cancer to promote FAS-mediated killing by CD8+ T cells","volume":"41","author":"Mahadevan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.182766","article-title":"Targeting heterogeneous tumor microenvironments in pancreatic cancer mouse models of metastasis by TGF-\u03b2 depletion","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2022-005491","article-title":"TGF\u03b2-derived immune modulatory vaccine: targeting the immunosuppressive and fibrotic tumor microenvironment in a murine model of pancreatic cancer","volume":"10","author":"Perez-Penco","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"}],"container-title":["Cytokine &amp; Growth Factor Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1359610126000110?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1359610126000110?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T03:36:53Z","timestamp":1773459413000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1359610126000110"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":89,"alternative-id":["S1359610126000110"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-6101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-6101","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"TGF-\u03b2\u2013YY1 signaling as a key driver of immune evasion in pancreatic cancer: Therapeutic implications","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2026.01.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}