{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:28:02Z","timestamp":1790674082569,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,10]],"date-time":"2016-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":253,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alz &amp;amp; Dem Diag Ass &amp;amp; Dis Mo"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Emerging evidence indicates associations between extra\u2010central nervous system (CNS) bacterial infections and an increased risk for dementia; however, epidemiological evidence is still very limited.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study involved a retrospective cohort of a national sample of US veterans (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0417,172) aged \u226556\u00a0years. Extended Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for demographic characteristics and medical and psychiatric comorbidities determined the associations between systemic and localized extra\u2010CNS bacterial infections occurring &gt;2\u00a0years before the initial dementia diagnosis and the risk for dementia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exposure to any extra\u2010CNS bacterial infection was associated with a significantly increased risk for dementia (hazard ratio [HR]\u00a0=\u00a01.20 [95% confidence interval\u00a0=\u00a01.16\u20131.24]). Independently, septicemia (HR\u00a0=\u00a01.39 [1.16\u20131.66]), bacteremia (HR\u00a0=\u00a01.22 [1.00\u20131.49]), osteomyelitis (HR\u00a0=\u00a01.20 [1.06\u20131.37]), pneumonia (HR\u00a0=\u00a01.10 [1.02\u20131.19]), urinary tract infections (HR\u00a0=\u00a01.13 [1.08\u20131.18]), and cellulitis (HR\u00a0=\u00a01.14 [1.09\u20131.20]) were associated with a significantly increased risk for dementia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both systemic and localized extra\u2010CNS bacterial infections are associated with an increased risk for developing dementia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadm.2016.08.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,12]],"date-time":"2016-09-12T18:30:28Z","timestamp":1473705028000},"page":"109-117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Systemic and localized extra\u2010central nervous system bacterial 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