{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T10:38:42Z","timestamp":1776163122404,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,3]],"date-time":"2017-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":61,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alz &amp;amp; Dem Diag Ass &amp;amp; Dis Mo"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>To prospectively determine the diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels total\u2010tau (tau) to amyloid\u2010\u03b2<jats:sub>1\u201342<\/jats:sub> ratio (A\u03b2<jats:sub>1\u201342<\/jats:sub>) ratio (tau\/A\u03b2<jats:sub>1\u201342<\/jats:sub> ratio), phosphorylated\u2010tau (p\u2010tau) to tau ratio (p\u2010tau\/tau ratio), neurofilament light chain (NfL) and YKL40 in the late\u2010onset frontal lobe syndrome, in particular for the differential diagnosis of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) versus primary psychiatric disorders (PSY).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included patients with a multidisciplinary 2\u2010year\u2010follow\u2010up diagnosis of probable\/definite bvFTD (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a022) or PSY (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a025), who underwent a detailed neuropsychiatric clinical examination, neuropsychological test battery, and magnetic resonance imaging at baseline. In all cases, CSF was collected through lumbar puncture at baseline. We compared CSF biomarker levels between the two groups and measured the diagnostic accuracy for probable\/definite bvFTD, using the follow\u2010up diagnosis as the reference standard.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The best discriminators between probable\/definite bvFTD and PSY were the levels of CSF NfL (area under the curve [AUC] 0.93, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.85\u20131.00), p\u2010tau\/tau ratio (AUC 0.87, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001, 95% CI 0.77\u20130.97), and YKL40 (AUC 0.82, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.001, 95% CI 0.68\u20130.97). The combination of these three biomarkers had a sensitivity of 91% (95% CI 66%\u2013100%) at a specificity of 83% (95% CI 65%\u201395%) with an AUC of 0.94 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001, 95% CI 0.87\u20131.00) for bvFTD. CSF tau\/A\u03b2<jats:sub>1\u201342<\/jats:sub> ratio was less accurate in differentiating between bvFTD and PSY.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found a good diagnostic accuracy for higher levels of CSF NfL and YKL40 and reduced p\u2010tau\/tau ratio in distinguishing bvFTD from PSY. We advocate the use of these CSF biomarkers as potential additional tools to neuroimaging in the diagnosis of bvFTD versus PSY.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadm.2017.01.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,2]],"date-time":"2017-03-02T12:15:19Z","timestamp":1488456919000},"page":"99-106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Cerebrospinal fluid biomarker examination as a tool to discriminate behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia from primary psychiatric\u00a0disorders"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Everard G.B.","family":"Vijverberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer Centre and Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Neurology HagaZiekenhuis The Hague The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annemiek","family":"Dols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Old Age Psychiatry GGZ InGeest Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Welmoed A.","family":"Krudop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer Centre and Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Del Campo Milan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry VU University Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cora J.","family":"Kerssens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Old Age Psychiatry GGZ InGeest Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Flora","family":"Gossink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Old Age Psychiatry GGZ InGeest Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niels D.","family":"Prins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer Centre and Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Max L.","family":"Stek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Old Age Psychiatry GGZ InGeest Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Scheltens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer Centre and Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte E.","family":"Teunissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry VU University Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yolande A.L.","family":"Pijnenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer Centre and Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.10m06382oli"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2015-310697"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1159\/000444849","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of the frontotemporal dementia consensus criteria in the late\u2010onset frontal lobe syndrome","volume":"41","author":"Vijverberg E.G.B.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160285"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2013.12.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-007-0237-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/21678421.2014.971812"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","first-page":"86","article-title":"Novel diagnostic cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for pathologic subtypes of frontotemporal dementia identified by proteomics","volume":"2","author":"Teunissen C.E.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Demen Diagn Assess Dis Monit"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","first-page":"505","article-title":"Discriminative and prognostic potential of cerebrospinal fluid phosphoTau\/tau ratio and neurofilaments for frontotemporal dementia subtypes. 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