{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T02:02:06Z","timestamp":1782871326388,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,21]],"date-time":"2019-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alz &amp;amp; Dem Diag Ass &amp;amp; Dis Mo"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The extent of working memory (WM) and executive function (EF) impairment in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is not well\u2010characterized.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We compared 48 patients with MCI, 124 noncognitively impaired elderly healthy controls, and 57 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) on multiple WM\/EF measures, frontal lobe integrity indexes, and functioning.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with MCI demonstrated worse performance on nearly all WM\/EF tests. This profile of impairment was refined in a factor analysis that identified three primary WM\/EF constructs: WM storage; speed and controlled visual search; and manipulation of information and problem solving. EF impairments were associated with reductions in prefrontal cortical thickness. WM\/EF accounted for over 50% of the variance in functional competence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In MCI, WM\/EF impairments are far from rare, based on specific compromises to frontal cortex circuitry, and are associated with loss of everyday functioning. WM\/EF impairments, even at this potentially prodromal stage of AD, have clinically deleterious consequences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadm.2018.12.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,23]],"date-time":"2019-02-23T13:54:19Z","timestamp":1550930059000},"page":"170-179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Breadth and depth of working memory and executive function compromises in mild cognitive impairment and their relationships to frontal lobe morphometry and functional competence"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Leticia","family":"Garcia\u2010Alvarez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Oviedo Oviedo Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n para la Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria del Principado 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