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Early markers of Alzheimer's disease pathology identifiable before clinical change are needed for the evaluation of preventative treatments. The retina, an extension of the brain, may provide a noninvasive imaging site.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010nine adults with DS and 36 age\u2010matched controls completed retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) assessments using optical coherence tomography. RNFL thickness was analyzed in relation to cognitive status and age and previously acquired cortical thickness and cerebral amyloid \u03b2 binding data in a subgroup.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>RNFL thickness was greater in the DS group and did not show age\u2010related thinning. RNFL correlated positively with cognitive scores and cortical thickness and was reduced in participants with positive cerebral amyloid \u03b2 binding.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increased RNFL in adults with DS may represent early Alzheimer's disease\u2013related changes. Thinning was present in those with cerebral amyloid \u03b2 binding, independent of age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadm.2019.08.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,4]],"date-time":"2019-11-04T23:07:41Z","timestamp":1572908861000},"page":"744-751","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Age\u2010related retinal thickness in Down's syndrome: A high\u2010risk population for dementia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Madeleine J.","family":"Walpert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group Department of Psychiatry University of Cambridge Cambridge Cambridgeshire UK"},{"name":"Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group Department of Psychiatry University of Cambridge Cambridge Cambridgeshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo M.","family":"Normando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG), Imperial College London South Kensington Campus London UK"},{"name":"The Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG), Imperial College London South Kensington Campus London UK"},{"name":"The Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust Marylebone London UK"},{"name":"The Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust Marylebone London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiina","family":"Annus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group Department of Psychiatry University of Cambridge Cambridge Cambridgeshire UK"},{"name":"Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group Department of Psychiatry University of Cambridge Cambridge Cambridgeshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally R.","family":"Jennings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group Department of Psychiatry University of Cambridge Cambridge Cambridgeshire UK"},{"name":"Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group Department of Psychiatry University of Cambridge Cambridge Cambridgeshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liam R.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group Department of Psychiatry University of Cambridge Cambridge Cambridgeshire UK"},{"name":"Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group Department of Psychiatry University of Cambridge Cambridge Cambridgeshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit University of Cambridge Cambridge UK"},{"name":"MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit University of Cambridge 15 Chaucer Road Cambridge CB2 7EF"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahid H.","family":"Zaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group Department of Psychiatry University of Cambridge Cambridge Cambridgeshire UK"},{"name":"Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group Department of Psychiatry University of Cambridge Cambridge Cambridgeshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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