{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T17:27:25Z","timestamp":1786987645078,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"NSFC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Developmental & Comparative Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T02:12:11Z","timestamp":1619575931000},"page":"104083","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A hexokinase from the oyster Crassostrea gigas is involved in immune recognition as a pattern recognition receptor"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"122","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9567-4504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoqun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linsheng","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.02.015","article-title":"Pathogen recognition and innate immunity","volume":"124","author":"Akira","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0969-2126(98)00006-9","article-title":"The mechanism of regulation of hexokinase: new insights from the crystal structure of recombinant human brain hexokinase complexed with glucose and glucose-6-phosphate","volume":"6","author":"Aleshin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.02.005","article-title":"The NLRP3 inflammasome mediates in vivo innate immunity to influenza A virus through recognition of viral RNA","volume":"30","author":"Allen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(92)90123-E","article-title":"Functional consequences of mutation of highly conserved serine residues, found at equivalent positions in the N- and C-terminal domains of mammalian hexokinases","volume":"298","author":"Baijal","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-406X(70)90366-X","article-title":"Glycolytic activity in crustaceans","volume":"33","author":"Boulton","year":"1970","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00500125","article-title":"Genetics of male-specific glucose oxidase and the identification of other unusual hexose enzymes in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"18","author":"Cavener","year":"1980","journal-title":"Biochem. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1156995","article-title":"Innate immune activation through Nalp3 inflammasome sensing of asbestos and silica","volume":"320","author":"Dostert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib8","first-page":"39","article-title":"Hexokinase of human erythrocytes. Purification, kinetic model and its application to the conditions in the cell","volume":"45","author":"Gerber","year":"1974","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(90)90628-C","article-title":"Effect of ligand-induced conformational changes on the reactivity of specific sulfhydryl residues in rat brain hexokinase","volume":"283","author":"Hutny","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib10","first-page":"S289","article-title":"Regulation of the energy metabolism of Plasmodium berghei","volume":"49","author":"Jacobasch","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biomed. Biochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0965-1748(01)00062-5","article-title":"Cloning of two hexokinase isoenzyme sequences from Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"31","author":"Jayakumar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Insect Biochem. Molec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017674","article-title":"Subcellular localization of hexokinases I and II directs the metabolic fate of glucose","volume":"6","author":"John","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.3354\/dao046139","article-title":"A Vibrio splendidus strain is associated with summer mortality of juvenile oysters Crassostrea gigas in the Bay of Morlaix (North Brittany, France)","volume":"46","author":"Lacoste","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dis. Aquat. Org."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.04.007","article-title":"Mechanisms and functions of inflammasomes","volume":"157","author":"Lamkanfi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2014.07.026","article-title":"Genomic characterization and expression analysis of five novel IL-17 genes in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas","volume":"40","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2016.05.010","article-title":"A glutamic acid decarboxylase (CgGAD) highly expressed in hemocytes of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas","volume":"63","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100885","article-title":"Hexokinase is a key regulator of energy metabolism and ROS activity in insect lifespan extension","volume":"8","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aging"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2020.103937","article-title":"A DM9-containing protein from oyster Crassostrea gigas (CgDM9CP-3) mediating immune recognition and encapsulation","volume":"116","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2002","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2017.09.001","article-title":"A GTP-dependent Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase from Crassostrea gigas involved in immune recognition","volume":"77","author":"Lv","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s10863-008-9148-8","article-title":"Regulation of hexokinase binding to VDAC","volume":"40","author":"Pastorino","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Bioenerg. Biomembr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.5560020104","article-title":"Convergent evolution of similar enzymatic function on different protein folds: the hexokinase, ribokinase, and galactokinase families of sugar kinases","volume":"2","author":"Peer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1038\/309467a0","article-title":"Evolution of phosphofructokinase-gene duplication and creation of new effector sites","volume":"309","author":"Poorman","year":"1984","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.1.305","article-title":"Dual roles for glucokinase in glucose homeostasis as determined by liver and pancreatic \u03b2 cell-specific gene knock-outs using cre recombinase","volume":"274","author":"Postic","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.44.3.290","article-title":"Human hexokinase II mRNA and gene structure","volume":"44","author":"Printz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2008.02.006","article-title":"Rapid accumulation of an interleukin 17 homolog transcript in Crassostrea gigas hemocytes following bacterial exposure","volume":"32","author":"Roberts","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1995.1029","article-title":"Functional organization of mammalian hexokinases: characterization of chimeric hexokinases constructed from the N- and C-terminal domains of the rat type I and type II isozymes","volume":"316","author":"Tsai","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1996.9850","article-title":"Functional organization of mammalian hexokinases: characterization of the rat type III isozyme and its chimeric forms, constructed with the N- and C-terminal halves of the type I and type II isozymes","volume":"338","author":"Tsai","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.12.010","article-title":"A novel C-type lectin from crab Eriocheir sinensis functions as pattern recognition receptor enhancing cellular encapsulation","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2017.05.025","article-title":"The oyster immunity","volume":"80","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140177","article-title":"Transcriptional changes of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas reveal essential role of calcium signal pathway in response to CO2-driven acidification","volume":"741","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2911","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.00516","article-title":"Evolution of the coordinate regulation of glycolytic enzyme genes by hypoxia","volume":"206","author":"Webster","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1997.0154","article-title":"Structure of the gene for type I hexokinase from rat","volume":"343","author":"White","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0250103","article-title":"An introduction to the isoenzymes of mammalian hexokinase types I-III","volume":"25","author":"Wilson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.05.076","article-title":"Hexokinase is an innate immune receptor for the detection of bacterial peptidoglycan","volume":"166","author":"Wolf","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2019.08.055","article-title":"CgSOCS6 negatively regulates the expression of CgIL17s and CgDefh1 in the pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas","volume":"93","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2015.08.002","article-title":"CgIL17-5, an ancient inflammatory cytokine in Crassostrea gigas exhibiting the heterogeneity functions compared with vertebrate interleukin17 molecules","volume":"53","author":"Xin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2016.03.015","article-title":"Caspase-3 serves as an intracellular immune receptor specific for lipopolysaccharide in oyster Crassostrea gigas","volume":"61","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2010.07.004","article-title":"An ancient C-type lectin in Chlamys farreri (CfLec-2) that mediate pathogen recognition and cellular adhesion","volume":"34","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2583.2006.00618.x","article-title":"Immulectin-4 from the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta binds to lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid","volume":"15","author":"Yu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Insect Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8425","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.12.8425","article-title":"A short-form C-type lectin from amphioxus acts as a direct microbial killing protein via interaction with peptidoglycan and glucan","volume":"179","author":"Yu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/s13131-015-0639-2","article-title":"Glycogen content relative to expression of glycogen phosphorylase (GPH) and hexokinase (HK) during the reproductive cycle in the Fujian Oyster, Crassostrea angulata","volume":"34","author":"Zhen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Oceanol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2013.01.009","article-title":"The increased transcriptional response and translocation of a Rel\/NF-\u03baB homologue in scallop Chlamys farreri during the immune stimulation","volume":"34","author":"Zhou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2018.10.079","article-title":"A novel globular C1q domain containing protein (C1qDC-7) from Crassostrea gigas acts as pattern recognition receptor with broad recognition spectrum","volume":"84","author":"Zong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."}],"container-title":["Developmental & Comparative Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145305X21000914?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145305X21000914?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T01:44:01Z","timestamp":1758937441000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145305X21000914"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S0145305X21000914"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-305X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-305X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A hexokinase from the oyster Crassostrea gigas is involved in immune recognition as a pattern recognition receptor","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Developmental & Comparative Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104083","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104083"}}