{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T10:51:20Z","timestamp":1781175080867,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20171474"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20171474"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20180501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20180501"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["B200202142"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B200202142"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Developmental & Comparative Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T02:00:50Z","timestamp":1630461650000},"page":"104254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Identification of four Sp\u00e4tzle genes (MnSpz1, MnSpz2, MnSpz2-isoform, and MnSpz3) and their roles in the innate immunity of Macrobrachium nipponense"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Beixiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuosheng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengxiang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.02.015","article-title":"Pathogen recognition and innate immunity","volume":"124","author":"Akira","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2017.04.005","article-title":"Characterization of PmSptzle 1 from the black tiger shrimp Peneaus monodon","volume":"65","author":"Boonrawd","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2897","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2010.0170","article-title":"Aquaculture: global status and trends","volume":"365","author":"Bostock","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phil. Trans. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2021.107584","article-title":"Aeromonas hydrophila associated with red spot disease in Macrobrachium nipponense and host immune-related gene expression profiles","volume":"182","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Invertebr. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.12.003","article-title":"Identification and characterization of a Toll-like receptor gene from Macrobrachium nipponense","volume":"108","author":"Cho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10172","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA118.006804","article-title":"Toll family members bind multiple Sp\u00e4tzle proteins and activate antimicrobial peptide gene expression in Drosophila","volume":"294","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1007\/s004380000350","article-title":"Multiple isoforms of the Drosophila Sp\u00e4tzle protein are encoded by alternatively spliced maternal mRNAs in the precellular blastoderm embryo","volume":"264","author":"DeLotto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Gen. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.3390\/insects11020105","article-title":"TmSpz6 is essential for regulating the immune response to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus infection in Tenebrio molitor","volume":"11","author":"Edosa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Insects"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2019.07.026","article-title":"The white spot syndrome virus hijacks the expression of the Penaeus vannamei Toll signaling pathway to evade host immunity and facilitate its replication","volume":"92","author":"Encinas-Garc\u00eda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1080\/24701394.2017.1350953","article-title":"Genetic diversity analysis of the oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense) in Huaihe River","volume":"29","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mitochondrial DNA Part A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1085432","article-title":"Dual activation of the Drosophila toll pathway by two pattern recognition receptors","volume":"302","author":"Gobert","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1267","article-title":"Antimicrobial and host-defense peptides as new anti-infective therapeutic strategies","volume":"24","author":"Hancock","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2018.12.012","article-title":"HcCUB-Lec, a newly identified C-type lectin that contains a distinct CUB domain and participates in the immune defense of the triangle sail mussel Hyriopsis cumingii","volume":"93","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2018.07.004","article-title":"Spatzle4 gene of silkworm, Bombyx mori: identification, immune response, and the effect of RNA interference on the antimicrobial peptides' expression in the integument","volume":"25","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbn017","article-title":"MEGA: a biologist-centric software for evolutionary analysis of DNA and protein sequences","volume":"9","author":"Kumar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Briefings Bioinf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141615","article-title":"The host defense of Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"25","author":"Lemaitre","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80172-5","article-title":"The dorsoventral regulatory gene cassette Sp\u00e4tzle\/Toll\/cactus controls the potent antifungal response in Drosophila adults","volume":"86","author":"Lemaitre","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2012.03.016","article-title":"Recent advances in researches on the innate immunity of shrimp in China","volume":"39","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2019.01.050","article-title":"The pathogenicity characterization of non-O1 Vibrio cholerae and its activation on immune system in freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium nipponense","volume":"87","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2020.735165","article-title":"Characterization of a Bacillus velezensis with antibacterial activity and inhibitory effect on common aquatic pathogens","volume":"523","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2010.09.012","article-title":"Virus diseases of farmed shrimp in the Western Hemisphere (the Americas): a review","volume":"106","author":"Lightner","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Invertebr. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2\u2212\u0394\u0394CT method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00846","article-title":"Sp\u00e4tzle homolog-mediated toll-like pathway regulates innate immune responses to maintain the homeostasis of gut microbiota in the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus olivier (Coleoptera: dryophthoridae)","volume":"11","author":"Muhammad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.10.096","article-title":"Characterization of Spz5 as a novel ligand for Drosophila Toll-1 receptor","volume":"506","author":"Nonaka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.1125","article-title":"A family of proteins related to Sp\u00e4tzle, the toll receptor ligand, are encoded in the Drosophila genome","volume":"45","author":"Parker","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.3390\/v11040354","article-title":"Description of a natural infection with Decapod iridescent virus 1 in farmed giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii","volume":"11","author":"Qiu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19474","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.007419","article-title":"Proteolytic cascade for the activation of the insect toll pathway induced by the fungal cell wall component","volume":"284","author":"Roh","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1068883","article-title":"Decoding the patterns of self and nonself by the innate immune system","volume":"296","author":"Ruslan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.04.006","article-title":"The IMD pathway regulates lysozyme-like proteins (LLPs) in the silkmoth Antheraea mylitta","volume":"154","author":"Satyavathi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Invertebr. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2009.07.005","article-title":"Identification and molecular characterization of a Sp\u00e4tzle-like protein from Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis)","volume":"27","author":"Shi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0221018","article-title":"Comparative genomics of Aeromonas veronii: identification of a pathotype impacting aquaculture globally","volume":"14","author":"Tekedar","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2019.04.005","article-title":"Molecular regulations of metabolism during immune response in insects","volume":"109","author":"Tomas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Insect Biochem Molec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2018.10.015","article-title":"Molecular isolation and characterization of a sp\u00e4tzle gene from Macrobrachium rosenbergii","volume":"84","author":"Vaniksampanna","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2011.07.007","article-title":"Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of two novel Tolls (LvToll2 and LvToll3) and three putative Sp\u00e4tzle-like Toll ligands (LvSpz1\u20133) from Litopenaeus vannamei","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.111503","article-title":"Transcriptome analysis of the Macrobrachium nipponense hepatopancreas provides insights into immunoregulation under Aeromonas veronii infection","volume":"208","author":"Yi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecotox Environ Safe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.3390\/insects11090586","article-title":"A toll-sp\u00e4tzle pathway in the immune response of Bombyx mori","volume":"11","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Insects"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2016.11.016","article-title":"Identification and functional characterization of a novel Sp\u00e4tzle gene in Litopenaeus vannamei","volume":"68","author":"Yuan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.02.003","article-title":"Two relish isoforms produced by alternative splicing participate in the regulation of antimicrobial peptides expression in Procambarus clarkii intestine","volume":"99","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.3354\/dao03165","article-title":"Experimental inoculation of oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)","volume":"126","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dis Aquat Organ"}],"container-title":["Developmental & Comparative Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145305X21002627?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145305X21002627?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T01:44:04Z","timestamp":1758937444000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145305X21002627"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S0145305X21002627"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-305X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-305X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Identification of four Sp\u00e4tzle genes (MnSpz1, MnSpz2, MnSpz2-isoform, and MnSpz3) and their roles in the innate immunity of Macrobrachium nipponense","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Developmental & Comparative Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104254","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104254"}}