{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T17:08:03Z","timestamp":1779210483781,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Developmental & Comparative Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T15:23:31Z","timestamp":1776871411000},"page":"105611","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Comprehensive and comparative investigation of immune signalling pathways in the larval gut of Zophobas morio based on transcriptome sequencing"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"179","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2276-221X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramanathan","family":"Nivetha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6135-402X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mani","family":"Meenakumari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6157-3350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayikkara Peroor Mahi","family":"Dev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4987-6666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sundaram","family":"Janarthanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.softx.2015.06.001","article-title":"GROMACS: high-Performance molecular simulations through multi-level parallelism from laptops to supercomputers","volume":"1","author":"Abraham","year":"2015","journal-title":"SoftwareX"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00319","article-title":"Beetles as model organisms in physiological, biomedical and environmental studies - a review","volume":"10","author":"Adamski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2007.09.005","article-title":"Beetle immunity: identification of immune-inducible genes from the model insect Tribolium castaneum","volume":"32","author":"Altincicek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib4","author":"Andrews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/1748-5967.12384","article-title":"JAK\/STAT signaling in insect innate immunity","volume":"49","author":"Bang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Entomol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae1082","article-title":"InterPro: the protein sequence classification resource in 2025","volume":"53","author":"Blum","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045125","article-title":"Insect Innate Immunity Database (IIID): an annotation tool for identifying immune genes in insect genomes","volume":"7","author":"Brucker","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3176","article-title":"Fast and sensitive protein alignment using DIAMOND","volume":"12","author":"Buchfink","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3674","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bti610","article-title":"Blast2GO: a universal tool for annotation, visualization and analysis in functional genomics research","volume":"21","author":"Conesa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bioinform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3047","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw354","article-title":"MultiQC: summarize analysis results for multiple tools and samples in a single report","volume":"32","author":"Ewels","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioinform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010939","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of insect immune memory and pathogen transmission","volume":"18","author":"Gomes","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.78.082107.133320","article-title":"Conformational pathology of the serpins: themes, variations, and therapeutic strategies","volume":"78","author":"Gooptu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1883","article-title":"Trinity: reconstructing a full-length transcriptome without a genome from RNA-Seq data","volume":"29","author":"Grabherr","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009917","article-title":"The regulation landscape of MAPK signaling cascade for thwarting Bacillus thuringiensis infection in an insect host","volume":"17","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib15","series-title":"Immunology of Insects and Other Arthropods","first-page":"19","article-title":"Insect immunocytes and other hemocytes: roles in cellular and humoral immunity","author":"Gupta","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt086","article-title":"QUAST: quality assessment tool for genome assemblies","volume":"29","author":"Gurevich","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioinform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2013.084","article-title":"De novo transcript sequence reconstruction from RNA-seq using the Trinity platform for reference generation and analysis","volume":"8","author":"Haas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2724","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052724","article-title":"Drosophila as a model for infectious diseases","volume":"22","author":"Harnish","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2015.12.006","article-title":"Insect immunology and hematopoiesis","volume":"58","author":"Hillyer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msx281","article-title":"UFBoot2: improving the ultrafast bootstrap approximation","volume":"35","author":"Hoang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5418.1313","article-title":"Phylogenetic perspectives in innate immunity","volume":"284","author":"Hoffmann","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.23354","article-title":"CHARMM36 all\u2010atom additive protein force field: validation based on comparison to NMR data","volume":"34","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4285","article-title":"ModelFinder: fast model selection for accurate phylogenetic estimates","volume":"14","author":"Kalyaanamoorthy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1272143","article-title":"Recent trends in insect gut immunity","volume":"14","author":"Khan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib25","series-title":"Sequence-Evolution-Function: Computational Approaches in Comparative Genomics","author":"Koonin","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.2147\/AGG.S162531","article-title":"Effect of DNA insert length on whole-exome sequencing enrichment efficiency: an observational study","volume":"8","author":"Krasnenko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Genom. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1923","article-title":"Fast gapped-read alignment with bowtie 2","volume":"9","author":"Langmead","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W78","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae268","article-title":"Interactive tree of life (iTOL) v6: recent updates to the phylogenetic tree display and annotation tool","volume":"52","author":"Letunic","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1007\/s008940100045","article-title":"Gromacs 3.0: a package for molecular simulation and trajectory analysis","volume":"7","author":"Lindahl","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Mol. Model."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-020-02014-2","article-title":"CCMetagen: comprehensive and accurate identification of eukaryotes and prokaryotes in metagenomic data","volume":"21","author":"Marcelino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3068","article-title":"Next-generation transcriptome assembly","volume":"12","author":"Martin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142727.mb0419s103","article-title":"Ribosomal RNA depletion for efficient use of RNA\u2010seq capacity","volume":"103","author":"O'Neil","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2023.102814","article-title":"Identification of homologous protein models via 3D comparisons using predicted structures","volume":"5","author":"Pan","year":"2024","journal-title":"STAR Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2011.4","article-title":"Drosophila Ras\/MAPK signalling regulates innate immune responses in immune and intestinal stem cells","volume":"30","author":"Ragab","year":"2011","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbab563","article-title":"A simple guide to de novo transcriptome assembly and annotation","volume":"23","author":"Raghavan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Briefings Bioinf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-305X(79)80020-8","article-title":"A comparative synopsis of the structure and function of the blood cells of insects and other invertebrates","volume":"3","author":"Ratcliffe","year":"1979","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/pdb.prot5439","article-title":"Purification of RNA using TRIzol (TRI reagent)","author":"Rio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab352","article-title":"Functional constraints on insect immune system components govern their evolutionary trajectories","volume":"39","author":"Ruzzante","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2199-7-3","article-title":"The RIN: an RNA integrity number for assigning integrity values to RNA measurements","volume":"7","author":"Schroeder","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2016.11.015","article-title":"Symbiont-derived antimicrobials contribute to the control of the lepidopteran gut microbiota","volume":"24","author":"Shao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Chem. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2020.1731137","article-title":"Immune priming: the secret weapon of the insect world","volume":"11","author":"Sheehan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2018.1526531","article-title":"Innate humoral immune defences in mammals and insects: the same, with differences?","volume":"9","author":"Sheehan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3210","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv351","article-title":"BUSCO: assessing genome assembly and annotation completeness with single-copy orthologs","volume":"31","author":"Sim\u00e3o","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioinform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib44","first-page":"104","article-title":"Coleopterans as model organisms in insect immunity: a review. north-west","volume":"18","author":"Takov","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr245","article-title":"T-Coffee: a web server for the multiple sequence alignment of protein and RNA sequences using structural information and homology extension","volume":"39","author":"Tommaso","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.21334","article-title":"AutoDock vina: improving the speed and accuracy of docking with a new scoring function, efficient optimization, and multithreading","volume":"31","author":"Trott","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s00427-007-0179-7","article-title":"TGF beta signaling in Tribolium: vertebrate-like components in a beetle","volume":"218","author":"Van der Zee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dev. Gene. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib48","series-title":"Insect Pathology","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1093\/bfgp\/elv002","article-title":"Evolutionary genetics of insect innate immunity","volume":"14","author":"Viljakainen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brief. Funct. Genom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2478(98)00023-6","article-title":"Insect immunity: evolutionary roots of the mammalian innate immune system","volume":"62","author":"Vilmos","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib51","series-title":"IQ-TREE 3: Phylogenomic Inference Software Using Complex Evolutionary Models","author":"Wong","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib52","article-title":"Drosophila innate immunity involves multiple signaling pathways and coordinated communication between different tissues","volume":"13","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1066733","article-title":"A new framework for host-pathogen interaction research","volume":"13","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.01700-24","article-title":"Evolutionary trajectory of bacterial resistance to antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides in Escherichia coli","volume":"10","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8444","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158444","article-title":"Identification of the gene repertoire of the IMD pathway and expression of antimicrobial peptide genes in several tissues and hemolymph of the cockroach Blattella germanica","volume":"23","author":"Zuber","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."}],"container-title":["Developmental & Comparative Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145305X26000674?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145305X26000674?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T16:25:37Z","timestamp":1779207937000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145305X26000674"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["S0145305X26000674"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-305X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-305X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comprehensive and comparative investigation of immune signalling pathways in the larval gut of Zophobas morio based on transcriptome sequencing","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Developmental & Comparative Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105611","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105611"}}