{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T17:08:03Z","timestamp":1779210483766,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Developmental &amp; Comparative Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T15:16:02Z","timestamp":1777734962000},"page":"105619","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Comparative molecular characterisation of myeloid cathelicidins reveals subspecies-level diversification in indigenous livestock"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"179","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8738-6716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jini","family":"Roy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Varuna P.","family":"Panicker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vrindha","family":"Madhavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Uma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.V.","family":"Chinnu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.N.","family":"Chaithanya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sulfiya Ummer","family":"Farooq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Shynu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Manoj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbaa153","article-title":"AntiCP 2.0: an updated model for predicting anticancer peptides","volume":"22","author":"Agrawal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Briefings Bioinf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00323","article-title":"In silico approach for prediction of antifungal peptides","volume":"9","author":"Agrawal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib3","first-page":"417","article-title":"Indigenous cattle genetic resources of India: status, adaptation and conservation","volume":"31","author":"Ahlawat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anim. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2022.146323","article-title":"Sequence polymorphisms of PR39 cathelicidins and extensive copy variations in commercial pig breeds","volume":"822","author":"Ahn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.1082802","article-title":"Detection of genomic regions that differentiate Bos indicus from Bos taurus ancestral breeds for milk yield in Indian crossbred cows","volume":"13","author":"Al Kalaldeh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2003.08.013","article-title":"Rapid evolutionary dynamics and disease threats to biodiversity","volume":"18","author":"Altizer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2","article-title":"Basic local alignment search tool","volume":"215","author":"Altschul","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.2174\/0929866530666221202123011","article-title":"A temporin derived peptide showing antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"30","author":"An","year":"2023","journal-title":"Protein Pept. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s43141-022-00330-7","article-title":"A hepatic antimicrobial peptide, hepcidin from Indian major carp, Catla catla: molecular identification and functional characterisation","volume":"20","author":"Athira","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Genet. Eng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0388.2006.00568.x","article-title":"Genetic analysis of Ankamali pigs of India using microsatellite markers and their comparison with other domesticated Indian pig types","volume":"123","author":"Behl","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Anim. Breed. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1021\/jm00061a011","article-title":"Structure-function studies of amphiphilic antibacterial peptides","volume":"36","author":"Bessalle","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1033.2003.03587.x","article-title":"The antibiotic activity of cationic linear amphipathic peptides: lessons from the action of leucine\/lysine copolymers on bacteria of the class Mollicutes","volume":"270","author":"Beven","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200300771","article-title":"Prediction of post-translational glycosylation and phosphorylation of proteins from the amino acid sequence","volume":"4","author":"Blom","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4671","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00233a006","article-title":"Hemolytic and antimicrobial activities of the twenty-four individual omission analogs of melittin","volume":"30","author":"Blondelle","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.2003.01228.x","article-title":"Antibacterial peptides: basic facts and emerging concepts","volume":"254","author":"Boman","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-022-08571-z","article-title":"Host\u2013pathogen coevolution drives innate immune response and genetic diversity","volume":"23","author":"Bo\u0161tjan\u010di\u0107","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Genom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(89)90597-6","article-title":"Protein estimation by the product of integrated peak area and flow rate","volume":"182","author":"Buck","year":"1989","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2004.0124.x","article-title":"Anti-microbial peptides: from invertebrates to vertebrates","volume":"198","author":"Bulet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.04.017","article-title":"Cathelicidin bovine myeloid antimicrobial peptide (BMAP) 28 is involved in the inflammatory response against alpha-herpesviruses in the bovine nervous system","volume":"122","author":"Buruc\u00faa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib20","first-page":"28242","article-title":"iAMAP-SCM: a novel computational tool for large-scale identification of antimalarial peptides using estimated propensity scores of dipeptides","volume":"7","author":"Charoenkwan","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200636379","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides human \u03b2-defensin (hBD)-3 and hBD-4 activate mast cells and increase skin vascular permeability","volume":"37","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00925-06","article-title":"Role of peptide hydrophobicity in the mechanism of action of \u03b1-helical antimicrobial peptides","volume":"51","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(73)90372-0","article-title":"Structural and functional role of leucine residues in proteins","volume":"74","author":"Chou","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5452.443","article-title":"Emerging infectious diseases of wildlife\u2014threats to biodiversity and human health","volume":"287","author":"Daszak","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2736(99)00201-1","article-title":"Structural features of helical antimicrobial peptides: their potential to modulate activity on model membranes and biological cells","volume":"1462","author":"Dathe","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Biomembr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib26","article-title":"Role of microRNA, bta-miR-375 in immune sturdiness of Vechur: the native cattle breed of Kerala, India","volume":"9","author":"Divya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-020-0269-1","article-title":"Host\u2013parasite coevolution and its genomic signature","volume":"21","author":"Ebert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.11.27","article-title":"Road to clinical efficacy: challenges and novel strategies for antimicrobial peptide development","volume":"6","author":"Eckert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.6b00045","article-title":"Contribution of amphipathicity and hydrophobicity to the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of \u03b2-hairpin peptides","volume":"2","author":"Edwards","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-024-02845-9","article-title":"Comparative physiological and biochemical assessment of the heat tolerance of dwarf Vechur, Kasaragod, and standard-size crossbred cattle under humid, hot conditions","volume":"69","author":"Elayadeth-Meethal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biometeorol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136990","article-title":"AntiAngioPred: a server for prediction of anti-angiogenic peptides","volume":"10","author":"Ettayapuram Ramaprasad","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2002.129801","article-title":"Biology and clinical relevance of naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides","volume":"110","author":"Gallo","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib33","series-title":"The Proteomics Protocols Handbook","first-page":"571","article-title":"Protein identification and analysis tools on the ExPASy server","author":"Gasteiger","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0282(2000)55:1<31::AID-BIP40>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"Structural features and biological activities of the cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptides","volume":"55","author":"Gennaro","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Pept. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1007\/s10592-016-0813-x","article-title":"Avian \u03b2-defensin variation in bottlenecked populations: the Seychelles warbler and other congeners","volume":"17","author":"Gilroy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Conserv. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W70","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn188","article-title":"The Vienna RNA websuite","volume":"36","author":"Gruber","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1996.0325z.x","article-title":"The human gene FALL39 and processing of the cathelicidin precursor","volume":"238","author":"Gudmundsson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073957","article-title":"In silico approach for predicting toxicity of peptides and proteins","volume":"8","author":"Gupta","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s40259-013-0039-0","article-title":"Cationic host defence peptides: potential as antiviral therapeutics","volume":"27","author":"Gwyer Findlay","year":"2013","journal-title":"BioDrugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst012","article-title":"Building phylogenetic trees from molecular data with MEGA","volume":"30","author":"Hall","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/jav.00370","article-title":"Allelic variation at innate immune genes (avian \u03b2-defensins), within a natural population of great tits","volume":"46","author":"Hellgren","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Avian Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2726","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1420-9101.2010.02115.x","article-title":"In vitro tests of natural allelic variation of innate immune genes (avian \u03b2-defensins) reveal functional differences in microbial inhibition","volume":"23","author":"Hellgren","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Evol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib43","first-page":"60","article-title":"Complete mitochondrial genomes of Bos taurus and Bos indicus provide evidence for independent domestication events","volume":"8","author":"Hiendleder","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Evol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-007-0219-5","article-title":"Modification of chicken avian \u03b2-defensin-8 at positively selected amino acid sites enhances specific antimicrobial activity","volume":"59","author":"Higgs","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1086\/378157","article-title":"Extensive normal copy number variation of a \u03b2-defensin antimicrobial-gene cluster","volume":"73","author":"Hollox","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib46","article-title":"Genetic diversity and population structure of cattle breeds inferred from genomic data","volume":"13","author":"Kalaldeh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2019.00129","article-title":"PreAIP: computational prediction of anti-inflammatory peptides by integrating multiple complementary features","volume":"10","author":"Khatun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033583522000105","article-title":"Tryptophan, more than just an interfacial amino acid in the membrane activity of cationic cell-penetrating and antimicrobial peptides","volume":"55","author":"Khemaissa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Q. Rev. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep12512","article-title":"An in silico platform for predicting, screening and designing of antihypertensive peptides","volume":"5","author":"Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2015.00144","article-title":"The human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide LL-37 and mimics are potential anticancer drugs","volume":"5","author":"Kuroda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(82)90515-0","article-title":"A simple method for displaying the hydropathic character of a protein","volume":"157","author":"Kyte","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2008.12.003","article-title":"AMPed up immunity: how antimicrobial peptides have multiple roles in immune defense","volume":"30","author":"Lai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.02.046","article-title":"The anti-infective peptide, innate defense-regulator peptide, stimulates neutrophil chemotaxis via a formyl peptide receptor","volume":"369","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1097\/00062752-200201000-00004","article-title":"Cathelicidins: a family of endogenous antimicrobial peptides","volume":"9","author":"Lehrer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Hematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031996","article-title":"HIV-neutralizing activity of cationic polypeptides in cervicovaginal secretions of women in HIV-serodiscordant relationships","volume":"7","author":"Levinson","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/bioadv\/vbac080","article-title":"AI4AVP: an antiviral peptides predictor in deep learning approach with generative adversarial network data augmentation","volume":"2","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioinform. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2005.06.003","article-title":"Human defensin gene copy number polymorphisms: comprehensive analysis of independent variation in \u03b1- and \u03b2-defensin regions at 8p22\u2013p23","volume":"86","author":"Linzmeier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222111401","article-title":"Mechanism of antimicrobial peptides: antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antibiofilm activities","volume":"22","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4321","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-022-07267-7","article-title":"Anticancer activity of chicken cathelicidin peptides against different types of cancer","volume":"49","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3423","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00010a034","article-title":"Molecular basis for membrane selectivity of an antimicrobial peptide, magainin 2","volume":"34","author":"Matsuzaki","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2736(97)00051-5","article-title":"Interactions of an antimicrobial peptide, magainin 2, with outer and inner membranes of Gram-negative bacteria","volume":"1327","author":"Matsuzaki","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Biomembr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0134(199604)24:4<495::AID-PROT8>3.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"Ion pair formation of phosphorylated amino acids and lysine and arginine side chains: a theoretical study","volume":"24","author":"Mavri","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proteins Struct. Funct. Bioinf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00215a005","article-title":"Minimal peptide length for interaction of amphipathic \u03b1-helical peptides with phosphatidylcholine liposomes","volume":"30","author":"McLean","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2008.05.005","article-title":"Directed alteration of a novel bovine \u03b2-defensin to improve antimicrobial efficacy against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)","volume":"32","author":"Meade","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib65","first-page":"687","article-title":"NetWheels: a web application to create high quality peptide helical wheel and net projections","volume":"31","author":"Medeiros","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.03.006","article-title":"Inflammation 2010: new adventures of an old flame","volume":"140","author":"Medzhitov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.4.2455","article-title":"Modulation of the TLR-mediated inflammatory response by the endogenous human host defense peptide LL-37","volume":"176","author":"Mookherjee","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045012","article-title":"Towards the improved discovery and design of functional peptides: common features of diverse classes permit generalized prediction of bioactivity","volume":"7","author":"Mooney","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1017\/S0043933917000071","article-title":"Global poultry production: current state and future outlook and challenges","volume":"73","author":"Mottet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Worlds Poult. Sci. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-78319-w","article-title":"AnOxPePred: using deep learning for the prediction of antioxidative properties of peptides","volume":"10","author":"Olsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib71","article-title":"Identification of three novel myeloid cathelicidin cDNAs and their predicted peptides in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)","author":"Panicker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib72","series-title":"Comparison of the Effects of Hydrophobicity, Amphiphilicity, and \u03b1-helicity on the Activities of","author":"Pathak","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D288","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa991","article-title":"DBAASP v3: database of antimicrobial\/cytotoxic activity and structure of peptides as a resource for development of new therapeutics","volume":"49","author":"Pirtskhalava","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2020.1813316","article-title":"Bioactive peptides as therapeutic adjuvants for cancer","volume":"73","author":"Quintal-Boj\u00f3rquez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutr. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1080\/10495398.2017.1297719","article-title":"Evaluation of genetic diversity, population structure, and relationship between legendary Vechur cattle and crossbred cattle of Kerala state, India","volume":"29","author":"Radhika","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib76","article-title":"AntiAngioPred: a server for prediction of anti-angiogenic peptides","volume":"10","author":"Ramaprasad","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.1040041","article-title":"Sequential changes in ovarian follicular dynamics in Bos indicus heifers before and after nutritional anoestrus","volume":"104","author":"Rhodes","year":"1995","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib78","first-page":"W123","article-title":"BioModel: a server for high-accuracy peptide structure modeling and visualization","volume":"52","author":"Sahoo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/esx005","article-title":"Patterns of diversity and spatial variability of \u03b2-defensin innate immune genes in a declining wild population of tree swallows","volume":"108","author":"Schmitt","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hered."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1206","article-title":"Mammalian defensins in the antimicrobial immune response","volume":"6","author":"Selsted","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1038\/srep01607","article-title":"Computational approach for designing tumor homing peptides","volume":"3","author":"Sharma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-15-282","article-title":"Designing of peptides with desired half-life in intestine-like environment","volume":"15","author":"Sharma","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Bioinf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28375","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.45.28375","article-title":"Biological characterization of two novel cathelicidin-derived peptides and identification of structural requirements for their antimicrobial and cell lytic activities","volume":"271","author":"Skerlavaj","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib84","article-title":"Genetic variation at innate and adaptive immune genes: contrasting patterns of differentiation and local adaptation in a wild gull","author":"Spurgin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(99)00328-2","article-title":"Biological activities of C-terminal 15-residue synthetic fragment of melittin: design of an analog with improved antibacterial activity","volume":"448","author":"Subbalakshmi","year":"1999","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3022","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab120","article-title":"MEGA11: molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 11","volume":"38","author":"Tamura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1420-9101.2005.00925.x","article-title":"Molecular evolution of animal antimicrobial peptides: widespread moderate positive selection","volume":"18","author":"Tennessen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Evol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2009.07.004","article-title":"Variations in the expressed antimicrobial peptide repertoire of northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) populations suggest intraspecies differences in resistance to pathogens","volume":"33","author":"Tennessen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D774","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkp1021","article-title":"CAMP: a useful resource for research on antimicrobial peptides","volume":"38","author":"Thomas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4673","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/22.22.4673","article-title":"CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice","volume":"22","author":"Thompson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01090-09","article-title":"Broad-spectrum activity against bacterial mastitis pathogens and activation of mammary epithelial cells support a protective role of neutrophil cathelicidins in bovine mastitis","volume":"78","author":"Tomasinsig","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1087","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv1278","article-title":"APD3: the antimicrobial peptide database as a tool for research and education","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib102","first-page":"217","article-title":"Experimental infection of cattle with Mycobacterium bovis leads to early upregulation of cathelicidin genes","volume":"160","author":"Whelehan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.4155\/fmc-2016-0188","article-title":"HemoPred: a web server for predicting the hemolytic activity of peptides","volume":"9","author":"Win","year":"2017","journal-title":"Future Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2817","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201142055","article-title":"New insights into cathelicidin modulation of adaptive immunity","volume":"41","author":"Wuerth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1006\/aama.1996.0502","article-title":"A phase transition for the minimum free energy of secondary structures of a random RNA","volume":"18","author":"Xiong","year":"1997","journal-title":"Adv. Appl. Math."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3213","article-title":"The I-TASSER Suite: protein structure and function prediction","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0403147","article-title":"Cathelicidins, multifunctional peptides of the innate immunity","volume":"75","author":"Zanetti","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib98","first-page":"179","article-title":"The role of cathelicidins in the innate host defenses of mammals","volume":"7","author":"Zanetti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)54182-X","article-title":"The cDNA of the neutrophil antibiotic Bac5 predicts a pro-sequence homologous to a cysteine proteinase inhibitor that is common to other neutrophil antibiotics","volume":"268","author":"Zanetti","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(95)01050-O","article-title":"Cathelicidins: a novel protein family with a common proregion and a variable C-terminal antimicrobial domain","volume":"374","author":"Zanetti","year":"1995","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/415389a","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides of multicellular organisms","volume":"415","author":"Zasloff","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Developmental &amp; Comparative Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145305X26000753?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0145305X26000753?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T16:25:20Z","timestamp":1779207920000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0145305X26000753"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":102,"alternative-id":["S0145305X26000753"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-305X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-305X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparative molecular characterisation of myeloid cathelicidins reveals subspecies-level diversification in indigenous livestock","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Developmental & Comparative Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dci.2026.105619","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105619"}}