{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T02:41:36Z","timestamp":1788921696775,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"NIDDK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100030692","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100030692","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T07:19:15Z","timestamp":1783495155000},"page":"101776","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Weight gain and brain development in the ABCD study cohort: A decade of insight and the road ahead"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Adise","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Buchbinder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.S.","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Kiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Makowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.H.","family":"Leblanc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Akande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Lehrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Yurgelun-Todd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.E.","family":"Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2014.0679","article-title":"The child opportunity index: improving collaboration between community development and public health","volume":"33","author":"Acevedo-Garcia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Health Aff. (Millwood)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2020.00735","article-title":"Racial and ethnic inequities in children\u2019s neighborhoods: evidence from the new child opportunity index 2.0","volume":"39","author":"Acevedo-Garcia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Aff. (Millwood)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2021.100948","article-title":"Multimodal brain predictors of current weight and weight gain in children enrolled in the ABCD study \u00ae","volume":"49","author":"Adise","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12985","article-title":"Longitudinal assessment of brain structure and behaviour in youth with rapid weight gain: potential contributing causes and consequences","volume":"18","author":"Adise","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr. Obes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2809","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23811","article-title":"Variation in executive function relates to BMI increases in youth who were initially of a healthy weight in the ABCD Study","volume":"31","author":"Adise","year":"2023","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2023.107081","article-title":"Sex-specific impulsivity, but not other facets of executive function, predicts fat and sugar intake two-years later amongst adolescents with a healthy weight: findings from the ABCD study","volume":"192","author":"Adise","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23957","article-title":"Limitations of BMI z scores for assessing weight change: a clinical tool versus individual risk","volume":"32","author":"Adise","year":"2024","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.24028","article-title":"Smaller subcortical volume relates to greater weight gain in girls with initially healthy weight","author":"Adise","year":"2024","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2025.03.019","article-title":"Smaller Subcortical Volume in Reward Processing Regions Precedes Weight Gain in Youth With High Financial Adversity: Findings From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study","volume":"77","author":"Adise","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.22211","article-title":"Distinct Patterns of Weight Gain, Age, and Subcortical Microstructure in Early Adolescence","volume":"8","author":"Adise","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2018.06.014","article-title":"Is brain response to food rewards related to overeating? A test of the reward surfeit model of overeating in children","volume":"128","author":"Adise","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib12","article-title":"Relating Neighborhood Deprivation to Childhood Obesity in the ABCD Study: Evidence for Theories of Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Stress","author":"Adise","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1061049","article-title":"Access to quality health resources and environmental toxins affect the relationship between brain structure and BMI in a sample of pre and early adolescents","volume":"10","author":"Adise","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Public. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115079","article-title":"Predicting sugar-sweetened beverage intake from the brain and known risk factors in adolescents","volume":"301","author":"Akhmadjonova","year":"2025","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.24169","article-title":"Prospective association of screen time with binge-eating disorder among adolescents in the United States: The mediating role of depression","volume":"57","author":"Al-Shoaibi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-021-00559-1","article-title":"Multifaceted actions of melanin-concentrating hormone on mammalian energy homeostasis","volume":"17","author":"Al-Massadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.3109\/00207454.2013.817408","article-title":"Body mass index and brain structure in healthy children and adolescents","volume":"124","author":"Alosco","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.05.059","article-title":"Body mass correlates inversely with inhibitory control in response to food among adolescent girls: An fMRI study","volume":"52","author":"Batterink","year":"2010","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2023.101261","article-title":"Puberty differentially predicts brain maturation in male and female youth: A longitudinal ABCD Study","volume":"61","author":"Beck","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dev. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.12.050","article-title":"Blaming the Brain for Obesity: Integration of Hedonic and Homeostatic Mechanisms","volume":"152","author":"Berthoud","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665112000602","article-title":"The neurobiology of food intake in an obesogenic environment","volume":"71","author":"Berthoud","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2023.2823","article-title":"Socioeconomic Adversity and Weight Gain During the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"177","author":"Betts","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20741","article-title":"Tonic hyper-connectivity of reward neurocircuitry in obese children","volume":"22","author":"Black","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21052","article-title":"The role of puberty in the developing adolescent brain","volume":"31","author":"Blakemore","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1007\/s12552-011-9050-6","article-title":"Perceived Racial Discrimination as a Predictor of Health Behaviors: the Moderating Role of Gender","volume":"3","author":"Brodish","year":"2011","journal-title":"Race Soc. Probl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"tgab062","DOI":"10.1093\/texcom\/tgab062","article-title":"Shorter Duration and Lower Quality Sleep Have Widespread Detrimental Effects on Developing Functional Brain Networks in Early Adolescence","volume":"3","author":"Brooks","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2010.84","article-title":"Obese children show hyperactivation to food pictures in brain networks linked to motivation, reward and cognitive control","volume":"34","author":"Bruce","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-023-01464-1","article-title":"Genome-wide analysis of a model-derived binge eating disorder phenotype identifies risk loci and implicates iron metabolism","volume":"55","author":"Burstein","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2025.103901","article-title":"Social, cultural and ethnic determinants of obesity: From pathogenesis to treatment","volume":"35","author":"Capoccia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-019-01021-2","article-title":"Developmental Trajectories of Executive Functioning and Puberty in Boys and Girls","volume":"48","author":"Chaku","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Youth Adolesc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.22839","article-title":"Association of Racial Discrimination With Adiposity in Children and Adolescents","volume":"6","author":"Cuevas","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10087","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhad267","article-title":"Associations between body mass index, sleep-disordered breathing, brain structure, and behavior in healthy children","volume":"33","author":"Cui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.3945\/an.115.008623","article-title":"Short Sleep Duration and Dietary Intake: Epidemiologic Evidence, Mechanisms, and Health Implications","volume":"6","author":"Dashti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00062","article-title":"The Cognitive Control of Eating and Body Weight: It\u2019s More Than What You \u2018Think\u2019","volume":"10","author":"Davidson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-01779-3","article-title":"Socioeconomic status, BMI, and brain development in children","volume":"12","author":"Dennis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2024.04.009","article-title":"Neighborhood Opportunity and Obesity in Early Adolescence: Differential Associations by Sex","volume":"75","author":"Ertel","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib37","unstructured":"Flegal, K.M. HISTORY O.F. MEDICINE: PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE Use and Misuse of BMI Categories. (n.d.)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0000099","article-title":"Associations between socioeconomic status and obesity in diverse, young adolescents: Variation across race\/ethnicity and gender","volume":"34","author":"Fradkin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.09.073","article-title":"The influence of puberty on subcortical brain development","volume":"88","author":"Goddings","year":"2014","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.20438","article-title":"Putting pubertal timing in developmental context: Implications for prevention","volume":"52","author":"Graber","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719001545","article-title":"Demographic, psychological, behavioral, and cognitive correlates of BMI in youth: Findings from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study","volume":"50","author":"Gray","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009478","article-title":"Aerobic exercise improves cognition and cerebrovascular regulation in older adults","volume":"94","author":"Guadagni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2017.02.005","article-title":"Obesity-Induced Neuroinflammation: Beyond the Hypothalamus","volume":"40","author":"Guillemot-Legris","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.10093","article-title":"Is obesity associated with poor sleep quality in adolescents?","volume":"14","author":"Gupta","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2015.04.001","article-title":"Childhood Obesity: Causes, Consequences, and Management","volume":"62","author":"Gurnani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr. Clin. North. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s40675-015-0025-9","article-title":"The Association Between Sleep Duration and Leptin, Ghrelin, and Adiponectin Among Children and Adolescents","volume":"1","author":"Hagen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Sleep. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2011.03.007","article-title":"Sleep and Obesity in Children and Adolescents","volume":"58","author":"Hart","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr. Clin. North. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2017.05.040","article-title":"Executive function in childhood obesity: Promising intervention strategies to optimize treatment outcomes","volume":"124","author":"Hayes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6924.2009.01116.x","article-title":"Impulse and Self-Control From a Dual-Systems Perspective","volume":"4","author":"Hofmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Perspect. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2012.01.006","article-title":"Executive functions and self-regulation","volume":"16","author":"Hofmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.22368","article-title":"Effects of sucrose and high fructose corn syrup consumption on spatial memory function and hippocampal neuroinflammation in adolescent rats","volume":"25","author":"Hsu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2022.2052","article-title":"Trends in Obesity Prevalence Among Children and Adolescents Aged 2\u201319 Years in the US From 2011 to 2020","volume":"176","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.03.040","article-title":"The Prevalence and Correlates of Eating Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication","volume":"61","author":"Hudson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-0865","article-title":"Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Early Childhood Obesity","volume":"141","author":"Isong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsab263","article-title":"Neural mechanisms that promote food consumption following sleep loss and social stress: an fMRI study in adolescent girls with overweight\/obesity","volume":"45","author":"Jensen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.862078","article-title":"Aerobic Physical Exercise as a Non-medical Intervention for Brain Dysfunction: State of the Art and Beyond","volume":"13","author":"Jia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3674","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhac300","article-title":"Obesity is associated with decreased gray matter volume in children: a longitudinal study","volume":"33","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1159\/000356023","article-title":"Age-related consequences of childhood obesity","volume":"60","author":"Kelsey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.11.020","article-title":"The Prevalence and Correlates of Binge Eating Disorder in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys","volume":"73","author":"Kessler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12563","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-60811-2","article-title":"Using explainable machine learning and fitbit data to investigate predictors of adolescent obesity","volume":"14","author":"Kiss","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691615593382","article-title":"On Integrating the Components of Self-Control","volume":"10","author":"Kotabe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Perspect. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.04.020","article-title":"Fuel not fun: Reinterpreting attenuated brain responses to reward in obesity","volume":"162","author":"Kroemer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.13392","article-title":"Triangulating causality between childhood obesity and neurobehavior: Behavioral genetic and longitudinal evidence","volume":"26","author":"Kulisch","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dev. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib64","article-title":"Associations among Body Mass Index, Cortical Thickness, and Executive Function in Children","author":"Laurent","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.20276","article-title":"Associations Between Socioeconomic Status, Obesity, Cognition, and White Matter Microstructure in Children","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0b013e328320d54c","article-title":"Effect of puberty on body composition","volume":"16","author":"Loomba-Albrecht","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Endocrinol. Diabetes Obes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2699","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23901","article-title":"Associations among prenatal exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus, brain structure, and child adiposity markers","volume":"31","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib68","article-title":"Overweight\/Obesity-related microstructural alterations of the fimbria-fornix in the ABCD study: The role of aerobic physical activity","volume":"18","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.02.015","article-title":"Distinct Topological Properties of the Reward Anticipation Network in Preadolescent Children With Binge Eating Disorder Symptoms","volume":"63","author":"Martin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child. Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"nzab119","DOI":"10.1093\/cdn\/nzab119","article-title":"Sleep Disturbances, Obesity, and Cognitive Function in Childhood: A Mediation Analysis","volume":"5","author":"Mattey-Mora","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Dev. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2017.130","article-title":"Hippocampal atrophy and altered brain responses to pleasant tastes among obese compared with healthy weight children","volume":"41","author":"Mestre","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.04.001","article-title":"Obesity and neuroinflammation: A pathway to cognitive impairment","volume":"42","author":"Miller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain. Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-02301-5","article-title":"Neuroanatomical correlates of genetic risk for obesity in children","volume":"13","author":"Morys","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-06361-9","article-title":"Neural correlates of obesity across the lifespan","volume":"7","author":"Morys","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E4260","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab135","article-title":"Association between midlife obesity and its metabolic consequences, cerebrovascular disease, and cognitive decline","volume":"106","author":"Morys","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2023.115186","article-title":"Sex differences in functional connectivity from reward-based regions in pre-adolescent binge eating disorder","volume":"324","author":"Murray","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6077","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291722003269","article-title":"Sex differences in regional gray matter density in pre-adolescent binge eating disorder: a voxel-based morphometry study","volume":"53","author":"Murray","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3869","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291722000514","article-title":"Aberrant functional connectivity between reward and inhibitory control networks in pre-adolescent binge eating disorder","volume":"53","author":"Murray","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23489","article-title":"Contemporary screen time modalities among children 9\u201310 years old and binge-eating disorder at one-year follow-up: A prospective cohort study","volume":"54","author":"Nagata","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.55466","article-title":"Association of Physical Activity and Screen Time With Body Mass Index Among US Adolescents","volume":"6","author":"Nagata","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpc.2023.100508","article-title":"Higher blood pressure and weight observed among early adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"14","author":"Nagata","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.03.018","article-title":"Social jetlag and sleep deprivation are associated with altered activity in the reward-related brain areas: an exploratory resting-state fMRI study","volume":"72","author":"Nechifor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2014.00375","article-title":"Obesity and cognitive decline: Role of inflammation and vascular changes","volume":"8","author":"Nguyen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4923","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12895-y","article-title":"Hypothalamus-hippocampus circuitry regulates impulsivity via melanin-concentrating hormone","volume":"10","author":"Noble","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-017-0453-2","article-title":"Is poor sleep associated with obesity in older adults? A narrative review of the literature","volume":"23","author":"Norton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eat. Weight. Disord. - Stud. Anorex. Bulim. Obes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2410","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.5158","article-title":"Differences in obesity prevalence by demographics and urbanization in US Children and Adolescents, 2013-2016","volume":"319","author":"Ogden","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA - J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.14590","article-title":"Trends in obesity prevalence by race and hispanic origin - 1999-2000\u20132017-2018","volume":"324","author":"Ogden","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA - J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2015.12.006","article-title":"Sleep and emotion regulation: An organizing, integrative review","volume":"31","author":"Palmer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep. Med. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib89","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing, sleep apnea, and other obesity-related sleep disorders: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2022","volume":"4","author":"Pennings","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obes. Pillars"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0205331","article-title":"Volumetric gray matter measures of amygdala and accumbens in childhood overweight\/obesity","volume":"13","author":"Perlaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS. ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26977","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2007918117","article-title":"Nucleus accumbens cytoarchitecture predicts weight gain in children","volume":"117","author":"Rapuano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2022.01.002","article-title":"Longitudinal Evidence of a Vicious Cycle Between Nucleus Accumbens Microstructure and Childhood Weight Gain","volume":"70","author":"Rapuano","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib93","article-title":"Childhood Obesity, Cortical Structure, and Executive Function in Healthy Children","author":"Ronan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex N."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.55631","article-title":"Bidirectional Associations Between Adiposity and Cognitive Function and Mediation by Brain Morphology in the ABCD Study","volume":"6","author":"Sakib","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.1508","article-title":"Variation in the Heritability of Child Body Mass Index by Obesogenic Home Environment","volume":"172","author":"Schrempft","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2142","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21248","article-title":"Radiologic evidence that hypothalamic gliosis is associated with obesity and insulin resistance in humans: Hypothalamic Gliosis in Humans","volume":"23","author":"Schur","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23286","article-title":"Greater radiologic evidence of hypothalamic gliosis predicts adiposity gain in children at risk for obesity","volume":"29","author":"Sewaybricker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.24199","article-title":"Concurrent and prospective associations of social media usage with binge eating symptoms in early adolescence","volume":"33","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2013.03.005","article-title":"Functional consequences of inadequate sleep in adolescents: A systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Shochat","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep. Med. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1375\/twin.10.2.354","article-title":"Genetic Regulation of Growth in Height and Weight from 3 to 12 Years of Age: A Longitudinal Study of Dutch Twin Children","volume":"10","author":"Silventoinen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Twin Res. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.130252","volume":"104","author":"Silventoinen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.93.7.1137","article-title":"Area deprivation and widening inequalities in US mortality, 1969-1998","volume":"93","author":"Singh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Public. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.925","article-title":"Neural and Behavioral Correlates of Binge Eating in 9- to 10-Year-Old Children","volume":"64","author":"Smith","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child. Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(199303)13:2<137::AID-EAT2260130202>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"Binge eating disorder: Its further validation in a multisite study","volume":"13","author":"Spitzer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-108X(199701)21:1<55::AID-EAT7>3.0.CO;2-2","article-title":"Age of onset for binge eating: Are there different pathways to binge eating?","volume":"21","author":"Spurrell","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.24145","article-title":"Distinct functional connectivity phenotypes in preadolescent children with binge eating disorder by BMI status","volume":"32","author":"Steward","year":"2024","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib107","series-title":"Neurobiology of Overeating","author":"Stice","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.22","article-title":"Prevalence and Correlates of Eating Disorders in Adolescents: Results From the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement","volume":"68","author":"Swanson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.01.025","article-title":"The effects of poor quality sleep on brain function and risk taking in adolescence","volume":"71","author":"Telzer","year":"2013","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib110","article-title":"Genome-wide association studies of binge-eating behaviour and anorexia nervosa yield insights into the unique and shared biology of eating disorder phenotypes","author":"Termorshuizen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Preprint"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6619","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01130-0","article-title":"Associations of family income with cognition and brain structure in USA children: prevention implications","volume":"26","author":"Tomasi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.632312","article-title":"Western Diet Consumption During Development: Setting the Stage for Neurocognitive Dysfunction","volume":"15","author":"Tsan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3640","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0472","article-title":"Obesity Associated Genetic Variation in FTO Is Associated with Diminished Satiety","volume":"93","author":"Wardle","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-009-9116-5","article-title":"Appetite is a Heritable Phenotype Associated with Adiposity","volume":"38","author":"Wardle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Behav. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1038\/s44220-023-00101-4","article-title":"Assessing a multivariate model of brain-mediated genetic influences on disordered eating in the ABCD cohort","volume":"1","author":"Westwater","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Ment. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21454","article-title":"Probing tissue microstructure with restriction spectrum imaging: Histological and theoretical validation","volume":"34","author":"White","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23571","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in the central nervous system: Symphony of glial cells","volume":"67","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"GLIA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6335","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhac507","article-title":"Associations among body mass index, working memory performance, gray matter volume, and brain activation in healthy children","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-024-01587-6","article-title":"Longitudinal associations of screen time, physical activity, and sleep duration with body mass index in U.S. youth","volume":"21","author":"Zink","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act."}],"container-title":["Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878929326001180?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878929326001180?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T19:38:56Z","timestamp":1786477136000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1878929326001180"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":119,"alternative-id":["S1878929326001180"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776","relation":{},"ISSN":["1878-9293"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1878-9293","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Weight gain and brain development in the ABCD study cohort: A decade of insight and the road ahead","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101776","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101776"}}