{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:51:29Z","timestamp":1791996689967,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R00HD086255"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R00HD086255"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA059415"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA059415"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T23:39:47Z","timestamp":1786145987000},"page":"101794","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Dyadic physiological synchrony and maternal anxiety regulate infant autonomic and neural function"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Annie","family":"Aitken","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maggie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Braren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Hume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1016-0094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie H.","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.22161","article-title":"Associations between infant-mother physiological synchrony and 4- and 6-month-old infants\u2019 emotion regulation","volume":"63","author":"Abney","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infbeh.2021.101569","article-title":"A method for measuring dynamic respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) in infants and mothers","volume":"63","author":"Abney","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infant. Behav. & Dev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s10339-015-0648-2","article-title":"Movement dynamics reflect a functional role for weak coupling and role structure in dyadic problem solving","volume":"16","author":"Abney","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cogn. process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.08.029","article-title":"Prenatal maternal anxiety and children\u2019s brain structure and function: a systematic review of neuroimaging studies","volume":"241","author":"Adamson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib5","article-title":"Autonomic and neural activity dynamically couple during infant attention","author":"Aitken","year":"2025","journal-title":"Res. Sq."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2006.08.005","article-title":"The many metrics of cardiac chronotropy: A pragmatic primer and a brief comparison of metrics","volume":"74","author":"Allen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2018.08.001","article-title":"Developmental change in the resting state electroencephalogram: Insights into cognition and the brain","volume":"126","author":"Anderson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Cogn."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2648","article-title":"Stress signalling pathways that impair prefrontal cortex structure and function","volume":"10","author":"Arnsten","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib9","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and brain development: insights and theoretical perspectives on deficit, adaptation, and resilience","volume":"63","author":"Baysarowich","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib10","first-page":"64","article-title":"Physiological responses of 5-month-old infants to smiling and blank faces","volume":"63","author":"Bazhenova","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol. Off. J. Int. Organ. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2015.01.017","article-title":"Respiratory sinus arrhythmia: a transdiagnostic biomarker of emotion dysregulation and psychopathology","volume":"3","author":"Beauchaine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13563","article-title":"Altered theta-beta ratio in infancy associates with family history of ADHD and later ADHD-relevant temperamental traits","volume":"63","author":"Begum-Ali","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Child. Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026472","article-title":"Individual development and evolution: experiential canalization of self-regulation","volume":"48","author":"Blair","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib14","article-title":"Coregulation: A multilevel approach via biology and behavior","volume":"10","author":"Bornstein","year":"2023","journal-title":"Child. (Basel Switz. )"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.36.1.54","article-title":"Child and mother cardiac vagal tone: continuity, stability, and concordance across the first 5 years","volume":"36","author":"Bornstein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45922-8","article-title":"A neurophysiological basis for aperiodic EEG and the background spectral trend","volume":"15","author":"Brake","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2019.04.006","article-title":"Sustained attention in infancy: a foundation for the development of multiple aspects of self-regulation for children in poverty","volume":"184","author":"Brandes-Aitken","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Exp. Child. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18766","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-68398-4","article-title":"Maternal heart rate variability at 3-months postpartum is associated with maternal mental health and infant neurophysiology","volume":"14","author":"Brandes-Aitken","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.22393","article-title":"Maternal hair cortisol predicts periodic and aperiodic infant frontal EEG activity longitudinally across infancy","volume":"65","author":"Brandes-Aitken","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib20","article-title":"Prenatal mother\u2013father cortisol linkage predicts infant executive functions at 24 months","author":"Braren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Developmental"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13765","article-title":"Paid maternal leave is associated with infant brain function at 3 months of age","volume":"93","author":"Brito","year":"2022","journal-title":"Child. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib22","series-title":"Biosocial Foundations of Family Processes","first-page":"49","article-title":"Caregiving as Coregulation: Psychobiological Processes and Child Functioning","author":"Calkins","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.721605","article-title":"A review on the vagus nerve and autonomic nervous system during fetal development: Searching for critical windows","volume":"15","author":"Cerritelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.159","article-title":"Selective activation of parvalbumin interneurons prevents stress-induced synapse loss and perceptual defects","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2023.101233","article-title":"The developmental trajectory of task-related frontal EEG theta\/beta ratio in childhood","volume":"60","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dev. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.22246","article-title":"Context is key: Parasympathetic regulation in the classroom differentially predicts preschoolers\u2019 socially competent behaviors","volume":"64","author":"Darling","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12689","article-title":"Infant Attention Is Dynamically Modulated With Changing Arousal Levels","volume":"88","author":"de Barbaro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child. Dev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0000894","article-title":"Developmental patterns of respiratory sinus arrhythmia from toddlerhood to adolescence","volume":"56","author":"Dollar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-00744-x","article-title":"Parameterizing neural power spectra into periodic and aperiodic components","volume":"23","author":"Donoghue","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"issue":"106957","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib30","article-title":"Longitudinal effects of maternal depressive and anxious symptomatology on child hair cortisol and cortisone from pregnancy to 5-years: The EDEN mother-child cohort","volume":"162","author":"Downes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01701.x","article-title":"Parent?infant synchrony and the construction of shared timing; physiological precursors, developmental outcomes, and risk conditions","volume":"48","author":"Feldman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Child. Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8721.2007.00532.x","article-title":"Parent\u2013infant synchrony: Biological foundations and developmental outcomes","volume":"16","author":"Feldman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5834.2011.00660.x","article-title":"Parent-infant synchrony: A biobehavioral model of mutual influences in the formation of affiliative bonds","volume":"77","author":"Feldman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Monogr. Soc. Res. Child. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579415000048","article-title":"Sensitive periods in human social development: New insights from research on oxytocin, synchrony, and high-risk parenting","volume":"27","author":"Feldman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2003.tb00343.x","article-title":"Skin-to-skin contact (Kangaroo Care) accelerates autonomic and neurobehavioural maturation in preterm infants","volume":"45","author":"Feldman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child. Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infbeh.2011.06.008","article-title":"Mother and infant coordinate heart rhythms through episodes of interaction synchrony","volume":"34","author":"Feldman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infant. Behav. & Dev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2009.00890.x","article-title":"Touch attenuates infants\u2019 physiological reactivity to stress","volume":"13","author":"Feldman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9507.1992.tb00116.x","article-title":"Social process theory of emotion: A dynamic systems approach","volume":"1","author":"Fogel","year":"1992","journal-title":"Social. Dev."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12534","article-title":"GABAA receptors and plasticity of inhibitory neurotransmission in the central nervous system","volume":"39","author":"Fritschy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.09.003","article-title":"Sensitive periods in human development: charting a course for the future","volume":"36","author":"Gabard-Durnam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00097","article-title":"The Harvard Automated Processing Pipeline for Electroencephalography (HAPPE): Standardized Processing Software for Developmental and High-Artifact Data","volume":"12","author":"Gabard-Durnam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.06.078","article-title":"Inferring synaptic excitation\/inhibition balance from field potentials","volume":"158","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14248","article-title":"Dynamics of mother-infant parasympathetic regulation during face-to-face interaction: the role of maternal emotion dysregulation","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.06.048","article-title":"How maternal pre- and postnatal symptoms of depression and anxiety affect early mother-infant interaction?","volume":"257","author":"Hakanen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"1693","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2015.0366","article-title":"Mirroring and beyond: coupled dynamics as a generalized framework for modelling social interactions","volume":"371","author":"Hasson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B: Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2018.1459292","article-title":"On measuring and modeling physiological synchrony in dyads","volume":"53","author":"Helm","year":"2018","journal-title":"Multivar. Behav. Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1787","article-title":"Critical period plasticity in local cortical circuits","volume":"6","author":"Hensch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.564158","article-title":"Maternal anxiety symptoms and self-regulation capacity are associated with the unpredictability of maternal sensory signals in caregiving behavior","volume":"11","author":"Holmberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib49","first-page":"3","article-title":"Just a phase they\u2019re going through: the complex interaction of intrinsic high-threshold bursting and gap junctions in the generation of thalamic alpha and theta rhythms","volume":"64","author":"Hughes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol. Off. J. Int. Organ. Psychophysiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.22098","article-title":"From co-regulation to self-regulation: Maternal soothing strategies and self-efficacy in relation to maternal reports of infant regulation at 3 and 7 months","volume":"45","author":"Kiel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infant. Ment. Health J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579423001153","article-title":"Maternal postnatal depressive symptoms and children\u2019s internalizing problems: the moderating role of mother-infant RSA synchrony","volume":"36","author":"Lan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.01.011","article-title":"GABAergic interneurons shape the functional maturation of the cortex","volume":"77","author":"Le Magueresse","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib53","first-page":"821","article-title":"Maternal anxiety symptoms associated with increased behavioral synchrony in the early postnatal period","volume":"27","author":"Lemus","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infancy. Off. J. Int. Soc. Infant. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00513","article-title":"BEAPP: the batch electroencephalography automated processing platform","volume":"12","author":"Levin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.22080","article-title":"Differences in mother-child and father-child RSA synchrony: moderation by child self-regulation and dyadic affect","volume":"63","author":"Lunkenheimer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.22428","article-title":"Spontaneous infant crying modulates vagal activity in real time","volume":"65","author":"Madden-Rusnak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(02)00163-3","article-title":"Development of the EEG from 5 months to 4 years of age","volume":"113","author":"Marshall","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol. Off. J. Int. Fed. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579410000222","article-title":"Developmental cascades","volume":"22","author":"Masten","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.16067","article-title":"Association of preterm birth and socioeconomic status with neonatal brain structure","volume":"6","author":"Mckinnon","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-016-0227-8","article-title":"Are Elevations in ADHD symptoms associated with physiological reactivity and emotion dysregulation in children?","volume":"45","author":"McQuade","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Child. Psychol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579414000029","article-title":"The persisting effect of maternal mood in pregnancy on childhood psychopathology","volume":"26","author":"O\u2019Donnell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib62","first-page":"151","article-title":"Theta synchronization during sustained anticipatory attention in infants over the second half of the first year of life","volume":"32","author":"Orekhova","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol. Off. J. Int. Organ. Psychophysiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1017\/S095457942100078X","article-title":"Biological sensitivity to context as a dyadic construct: an investigation of child-parent RSA synchrony among low-SES youth","volume":"35","author":"Oshri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2022.101073","article-title":"Spectral parameterization for studying neurodevelopment: How and why","volume":"54","author":"Ostlund","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dev. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.21448","article-title":"Shaping emotion regulation: attunement, symptomatology, and stress recovery within mother-infant dyads","volume":"59","author":"Ostlund","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."},{"issue":"102151","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib66","article-title":"Exploring associations between maternal mental health and infant regulatory behaviors at 6 months in the home environment: Zooming in on maternal anxiety","volume":"81","author":"P\u00e9rez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Infant. Behav. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib67","series-title":"Animal stress","first-page":"97","article-title":"Spontaneous oscillations in heart rate: Potential index of stress","author":"Porges","year":"1985"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1995.tb01213.x","article-title":"Orienting in a defensive world: mammalian modifications of our evolutionary heritage. A Polyvagal Theory","volume":"32","author":"Porges","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(03)00156-2","article-title":"The Polyvagal Theory: phylogenetic contributions to social behavior","volume":"79","author":"Porges","year":"2003","journal-title":"Physiol. & Behav."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2006.08.007","article-title":"A phylogenetic journey through the vague and ambiguous Xth cranial nerve: a commentary on contemporary heart rate variability research","volume":"74","author":"Porges","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib71","series-title":"Attention and information processing in infants and adults","first-page":"201","article-title":"Autonomic regulation and attention","author":"Porges","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib72","unstructured":"Porges, S.W., & Bohrer, R.E. (1990). The analysis of periodic processes in psychophysiological research."},{"issue":"101708","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib73","article-title":"Development of mother-infant co-regulation: the role of infant vagal tone and temperament at 6, 9, and 12 months of age","volume":"67","author":"Porter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infant. Behav. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14360","article-title":"Early development of electrophysiological activity: contribution of periodic and aperiodic components of the EEG signal","author":"Rico-Pic\u00f3","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1159\/000446811","article-title":"Mother-infant emotion regulation at three months: the role of maternal anxiety, depression and parenting stress","volume":"49","author":"Riva Crugnola","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-014-0369-3","article-title":"Co-maturation of theta and low-beta rhythms during child development","volume":"28","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Topogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v048.i02","article-title":"lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling","volume":"48","author":"Rosseel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14757","article-title":"Associations among EEG aperiodic slope, infant temperament, and maternal anxiety\/depression symptoms in infancy","volume":"62","author":"Sacks","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2020.100895","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in aperiodic and periodic activity in electrophysiological recordings in the first seven months of life","volume":"47","author":"Schaworonkow","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"issue":"150161","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib80","article-title":"Aperiodic slope reflects glutamatergic tone in the human brain","volume":"1874","author":"Sheldon","year":"2026","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0000768","article-title":"Context and dynamics: the new frontier for developmental research on emotion regulation","volume":"55","author":"Silk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1080\/10253890.2019.1608945","article-title":"Maternal prenatal and early postnatal distress and child stress responses at age 6","volume":"22","author":"Simons","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stress"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3040","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720005085","article-title":"Anxious parents show higher physiological synchrony with their infants","volume":"52","author":"Smith","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1017\/S095457942100153X","article-title":"Vocalization and physiological hyperarousal in infant-caregiver dyads where the caregiver has elevated anxiety","volume":"35","author":"Smith","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib85","article-title":"EEG trajectories across the first two years of life are associated with maternal depression, anxiety, and perceived stress","volume":"394","author":"Valdes","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib86","series-title":"gsignal: Signal processing","author":"van Boxtel","year":"2021"},{"issue":"33","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13661","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0901049106","article-title":"Influence of paced maternal breathing on fetal-maternal heart rate coordination","volume":"106","author":"Van Leeuwen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.21406","article-title":"Temporal dynamics of arousal and attention in 12-month-old infants: Temporal Dynamics of Arousal in Infants","volume":"58","author":"Wass","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13960","article-title":"Annual Research Review: \u201cThere, the dance is - at the still point of the turning world\u201d - dynamic systems perspectives on coregulation and dysregulation during early development","volume":"65","author":"Wass","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Child. Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib90","article-title":"infancy, it\u2019s the extremes of arousal that are \u201csticky\u201d: Naturalistic data challenge purely homeostatic approaches to studying self-regulation","author":"Wass, Samuel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797613518352","article-title":"Stress contagion: physiological covariation between mothers and infants","volume":"25","author":"Waters","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000322","article-title":"Affect contagion between mothers and infants: Examining valence and touch","volume":"146","author":"Waters","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. General."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5788","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-50204-4","article-title":"Developmental trajectories of EEG aperiodic and periodic components in children 2-44 months of age","volume":"15","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-9081-7-30","article-title":"Automatic classification of artifactual ICA-components for artifact removal in EEG signals","volume":"7","author":"Winkler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Funct. BBF"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13976","article-title":"Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) dynamics matter for children\u2019s emotion regulation: RSA inertia and instability within a stress task","volume":"95","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Child. Dev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.13506","article-title":"A context-dependent perspective to understand the relation between parent-child physiological synchrony and child socioemotional adjustment","volume":"27","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dev. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579424001305","article-title":"From prenatal maternal anxiety and respiratory sinus arrhythmia to toddler internalizing problems: the role of infant negative affectivity","volume":"37","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."}],"container-title":["Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878929326001362?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878929326001362?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:35:31Z","timestamp":1791995731000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1878929326001362"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":97,"alternative-id":["S1878929326001362"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794","relation":{},"ISSN":["1878-9293"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1878-9293","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Dyadic physiological synchrony and maternal anxiety regulate infant autonomic and neural function","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dcn.2026.101794","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101794"}}