{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T14:20:25Z","timestamp":1790432425339,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]],"date-time":"2006-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1141171200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]],"date-time":"2006-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1141171200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dental Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2005.04.020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,4]],"date-time":"2005-08-04T15:54:58Z","timestamp":1123170898000},"page":"268-274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Effect of surface reaction layer on grindability of cast titanium alloys"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Chikahiro","family":"Ohkubo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshio","family":"Hosoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Phillip","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ikuya","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2005.04.020_bib1","first-page":"211","article-title":"The use of titanium in dentistry","volume":"5","author":"Okabe","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cells Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2005.04.020_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.4012\/dmj.15.77","article-title":"Titanium in dentistry: Development and research in the U.S.A","volume":"15","author":"Nakajima","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dent Mater J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2005.04.020_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.4012\/dmj.7.39","article-title":"Clinical application of pure titanium for cast plate dentures","volume":"7","author":"Yamauchi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2005.04.020_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3109\/00016359009005866","article-title":"A 2-year follow-up study of titanium crowns","volume":"48","author":"Bergman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2005.04.020_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(05)80264-1","article-title":"Titanium framework removable partial denture used for patients allergic to other metals: a clinical report and literature review","volume":"73","author":"Kononen","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2005.04.020_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(05)80136-2","article-title":"Stereo laser-welded titanium implant frameworks: clinical and laboratory procedures with a summary of 1-year clinical trials","volume":"74","author":"Rubenstein","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2005.04.020_bib7","first-page":"15","article-title":"Quantitative evaluation of porosities in pure titanium castings","volume":"22","author":"Aoki","year":"1996","journal-title":"Tsurumi Univ Dent J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2005.04.020_bib8","first-page":"83","article-title":"High temperature reactivity between titanium and refractory oxides in dental casting procedure","volume":"8","author":"Watari","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Jpn Dent Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2005.04.020_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0109-5641(89)90093-6","article-title":"Studies of Ti alloys for dental castings","volume":"5","author":"Taira","year":"1989","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2005.04.020_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(05)80112-X","article-title":"Porosity and accuracy of multiple-unit titanium castings","volume":"73","author":"Chai","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2005.04.020_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345970760031001","article-title":"Effect of pressure difference on the quality of titanium casting","volume":"76","author":"Watanabe","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2005.04.020_bib12","first-page":"407","article-title":"An examination of polishing steps for titanium castings","volume":"23","author":"Kawai","year":"1997","journal-title":"Tsurumi Dent J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2005.04.020_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(00)70088-6","article-title":"Shear bond strengths of polymethyl methacrylate to cast titanium and cobalt-chromium frameworks using five metal primers","volume":"83","author":"Ohkubo","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2005.04.020_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-849X.2002.00263.x","article-title":"In vitro wear assessment of titanium alloy teeth","volume":"11","author":"Ohkubo","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Prosthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2005.04.020_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3377","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(03)00157-1","article-title":"Wear resistance of experimental Ti\u2013Cu alloys","volume":"24","author":"Ohkubo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2005.04.020_bib16","first-page":"917","article-title":"Polishing of titanium prosthetics (Part 1). Mechanical polishing by dental laboratory rotary wheels","volume":"6","author":"Miyazaki","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Jpn Dent Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2005.04.020_bib17","first-page":"30","article-title":"Grinding of titanium, Part 1. Commercial and experimental wheels made of silicon carbide abrasives","volume":"9","author":"Miyakawa","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Jpn Dent Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2005.04.020_bib18","first-page":"42","article-title":"Grinding of titanium. Part 2. Commercial vitrified wheels made of alumina abrasives","volume":"9","author":"Miyakawa","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Jpn Dent Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2005.04.020_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.1993.tb01653.x","article-title":"Dental high-speed cutting of four cast alloys","volume":"20","author":"Miyawaki","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2005.04.020_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(99)00206-9","article-title":"The machinability of cast titanium and Ti-6Al-4V","volume":"21","author":"Ohkubo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2005.04.020_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(00)00038-5","article-title":"Cutting efficiency of air-turbine burs on cast titanium and dental casting alloys","volume":"16","author":"Watanabe","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2005.04.020_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.10413","article-title":"Machinability of cast commercial titanium alloys","volume":"63","author":"Watanabe","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2005.04.020_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(02)00080-5","article-title":"Grindability of cast Ti\u2013Cu alloys","volume":"19","author":"Kikuchi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2005.04.020_bib24","unstructured":"Metals handbook desk edition. Metals Park, OH: American Society for Metals; 1984. p. 1\u201324."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2005.04.020_bib25","series-title":"Metal cutting principles","author":"Shaw","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2005.04.020_bib26","unstructured":"Nakamura S. Free-machining titanium. Proceedings of the Sixth World Conference on Titanium, France; 1988. p. 1415."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2005.04.020_bib27","first-page":"128","article-title":"Study on the dental application of machinable titanium alloys: machinability of ingots","volume":"13","author":"Taira","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Jpn Dent Mater"}],"container-title":["Dental Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0109564105001715?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0109564105001715?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T20:04:52Z","timestamp":1758830692000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0109564105001715"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0109564105001715"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dental.2005.04.020","relation":{},"ISSN":["0109-5641"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0109-5641","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effect of surface reaction layer on grindability of cast titanium alloys","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Dental Materials","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dental.2005.04.020","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2005 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}