{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T18:56:21Z","timestamp":1786388181935,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dental Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2021.03.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,11]],"date-time":"2021-04-11T13:15:50Z","timestamp":1618146950000},"page":"1073-1082","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Impact of varying step-stress protocols on the fatigue behavior of 3Y-TZP, 4Y-TZP and 5Y-TZP ceramic"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3784-7232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Jerman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"L\u00fcmkemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlis","family":"Eichberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u00fcdiger","family":"Hampe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1732-3255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bogna","family":"Stawarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2021.03.013_bib0005","first-page":"948","article-title":"Flexural strength, fracture toughnee, and translucency of cubic\/tetragonal zirconia materials","volume":"180","author":"Zadah","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Prosth Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2021.03.013_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-1865","article-title":"Zirconia crown as single unit tooth restoration: a literature review","volume":"17","author":"Alfawaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2021.03.013_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2018.03.006","article-title":"Aging resistance, mechanical properties and translucency of different yttria-stabilized zirconia ceramics for monolithic dental crown spplications","volume":"34","author":"Camposilvan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2021.03.013_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2019.02.005","article-title":"Impact of high-speed sintering on translucency, phase content, grain size, and flexural strength of 3Y-TZP and 4Y-TZP zirconia materials","volume":"122","author":"Jansen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2021.03.013_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1151-2916.2000.tb01221.x","article-title":"Transformation toughening in zirconia-containing ceramics","volume":"83","author":"Hannink","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Ceram Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2021.03.013_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2007.01.005","article-title":"Compatibility of machined Ce-TZP\/Al2O3 nanocomposite and a veneering ceramic","volume":"23","author":"Fischer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2021.03.013_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2020.01.017","article-title":"Importance of tetragonal phase in high-translucent partially stabilized zirconia for dental restorations","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2021.03.013_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2020.08.002","article-title":"Reliability and aging behaviour of three different zirconia grades used for monolithic four-unit fixed dental protheses","volume":"36","author":"Spies","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2021.03.013_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2017.07.009","article-title":"Optical properties of zirconia ceramics for esthetic dental restorations: a systematic review","volume":"119","author":"Shahmiri","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2021.03.013_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2017.08.004","article-title":"Comparison of the mechanical properties of translucent zirconia and lithium disilicate","volume":"120","author":"Kwon","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2021.03.013_bib0055","first-page":"369","article-title":"Three generations of zirconia: from veneered to monolithic. Part I","volume":"45","author":"Stawarczyk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Quintessence Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2021.03.013_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034517737483","article-title":"Novel zirconia materials in dentistry","volume":"97","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2021.03.013_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2020.02.006","article-title":"Cyclic contact fatigue resistance of ceramics for monolithic and multilayer dental restorations","volume":"36","author":"Alessandretti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2021.03.013_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(99)70103-4","article-title":"Clinical relevant approach to failure testing of all-ceramic restorations","volume":"81","author":"Kelly","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2021.03.013_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2017.09.006","article-title":"ADM guidance-ceramics: fatigue principles and testing","volume":"33","author":"Kelly","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2021.03.013_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.1975.tb01535.x","article-title":"Masticatory function \u2014 a review of the literature, speed of movement of the mandible, rate of chewing and forces developed in chewing","volume":"2","author":"Bates","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Oral Rehab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2021.03.013_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.matsci.27.1.443","article-title":"Ceramics in restorative and prosthetic dentistry","volume":"27","author":"Kelly","year":"1997","journal-title":"Annu Rev Mater Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2021.03.013_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345830620010801","article-title":"Development of an artificial oral enviroment for the testing of dental restoratives: Bi-axial force and movement control","volume":"62","author":"DeLong","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2021.03.013_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.12376","article-title":"Lithium disilicate restorations fatigue testing parameters: a systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Nawafleh","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Prosthodont"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2021.03.013_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2013.05.009","article-title":"Step-stress analysis for predicting dental ceramic reliability","volume":"29","author":"Borba","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2021.03.013_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.30321","article-title":"Evaluation of load testing of postendodontic restorations in vitro: linear compressive leading, gradual cycling loading and chewing simulation","volume":"74B","author":"Neumann","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2021.03.013_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2008.08.009","article-title":"Approach for valuating the influence of laboratory simulation","volume":"25","author":"Rosentritt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2021.03.013_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2018.03.024","article-title":"Chairside CAD\/CAM materials. Part 3: cyclic fatigue parameters and lifetime predictions","volume":"34","author":"Wendler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2021.03.013_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-007-0131-4","article-title":"Dynamic fatigue and strength characterization of three ceramic materials","volume":"18","author":"Teixeira","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Mater Sci Mater Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2021.03.013_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1186\/cc2955","article-title":"Statistics review 12: survival analysis","volume":"8","author":"Bewick","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2021.03.013_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2014.11.014","article-title":"Two regression methods for estimation of a two-parameter Weibull distribution for reliability of dental materials","volume":"31","author":"B\u00fctikofer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2021.03.013_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2016.09.004","article-title":"Lifetime prediction of zirconia and metal ceramic crowns loaded on marginal ridges","volume":"32","author":"Fardin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2021.03.013_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2015.08.034","article-title":"Fatigue resistance of denture teeth","volume":"53","author":"Heintze","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Mech Behav Biomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2021.03.013_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2013.10.007","article-title":"Review: fatigue of dental ceramics","volume":"41","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2021.03.013_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018655917051","article-title":"Mechanisms of fatigue-crack propagation in ductile and brittle solids","volume":"100","author":"Ritchie","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Fract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dental.2021.03.013_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2013.08.199","article-title":"Impact of oral fluids on dental ceramics: what is the clinical relevance","volume":"30","author":"Swain","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dent Mater"}],"container-title":["Dental Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0109564121001160?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0109564121001160?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T22:48:09Z","timestamp":1758840489000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0109564121001160"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0109564121001160"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dental.2021.03.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["0109-5641"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0109-5641","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Impact of varying step-stress protocols on the fatigue behavior of 3Y-TZP, 4Y-TZP and 5Y-TZP ceramic","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Dental Materials","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dental.2021.03.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}