{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T02:00:52Z","timestamp":1788487252071,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]],"date-time":"2010-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1285891200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dermatologic Clinics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,30]],"date-time":"2010-09-30T05:26:45Z","timestamp":1285824405000},"page":"795-805","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Pigmented Lesions of the Vulva"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Aruna","family":"Venkatesan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(90)70017-C","article-title":"Prospective study of vulvar nevi","volume":"22","author":"Rock","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(79)90732-4","article-title":"The vulvar clinic: an eight-year appraisal","volume":"135","author":"Friedrich","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib3","series-title":"Genital dermatology atlas","first-page":"170","article-title":"Pigmented disorders","author":"Lynch","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib4","series-title":"Genital dermatology atlas","first-page":"170","article-title":"Brown lesions","author":"Wiseman","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2007.08.002","article-title":"Cutaneous manifestations of internal malignancies: an overview","volume":"26","author":"Pipkin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)55804-X","article-title":"Vulvar acanthosis nigricans: a marker for insulin resistance in hirsute women","volume":"59","author":"Grasinger","year":"1993","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2004.01594.x","article-title":"Pigmented seborrheic keratoses of the vulva clinically mimicking a malignant melanoma: a clinical, dermoscopic-pathologic case study","volume":"30","author":"de Giorgi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.138.12.1562","article-title":"Prevalence of melanoma clinically resembling seborrheic keratosis: analysis of 9204 cases","volume":"138","author":"Izikson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.144.8.1072","article-title":"A\u00a0pigmented, hemorrhagic genital wart: clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathologic features","volume":"144","author":"Ozdemir","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2003.09.034","article-title":"Genital lentigines and melanocytic nevi with superimposed lichen sclerosus: a diagnostic challenge","volume":"50","author":"El Shabrawi-Caelen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2004.30337.x","article-title":"Dermoscopic features of mucosal melanosis","volume":"30","author":"Mannone","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.144.8.1030","article-title":"The ringlike pattern in vulvar melanosis: a new dermoscopic clue for diagnosis","volume":"144","author":"Ferrari","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib13","first-page":"389","article-title":"Melanosis of the vagina. A case report","volume":"46","author":"Karney","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Reprod Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(90)70064-O","article-title":"Genital lentiginosis: a clinical and histopathologic study","volume":"22","author":"Barnhill","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.135.7.857","article-title":"A\u00a0histopathologic evaluation of vulvar melanosis","volume":"135","author":"Jih","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"5 Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(90)70319-D","article-title":"Vulvar melanosis","volume":"23","author":"Rudolph","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-198501001-00013","article-title":"Melanosis of the vulva. A clinical simulator of malignant melanoma","volume":"7","author":"Sison-Torre","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib18","first-page":"950","article-title":"Multifocal malignant melanoma arising in vesicovaginal melanosis","volume":"115","author":"Kerley","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.06.022","article-title":"Clinical and histopathological findings in Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome","volume":"53","author":"Erkek","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.132.10.1214","article-title":"Clinicopathologic findings in the Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome","volume":"132","author":"Fargnoli","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(84)80047-X","article-title":"Mucocutaneous lentigines, cardiomucocutaneous myxomas, and multiple blue nevi: the \u201cLAMB\u201d syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Rhodes","year":"1984","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.143.5.631","article-title":"Dermoscopic findings in Laugier-Hunziker syndrome","volume":"143","author":"Gencoglan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.12.023","article-title":"Generalized Dowling-Degos disease","volume":"57","author":"Wu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.1987.tb00478.x","article-title":"Histologic characteristics of vulvar nevocellular nevi","volume":"14","author":"Christensen","year":"1987","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cutan Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib25","series-title":"Pathology of malignant melanoma","first-page":"119","article-title":"Difficulties in the histologic diagnosis of melanocytic nevi on the vulvae of premenopausal women","author":"Friedman","year":"1981"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e318068420c","article-title":"Atypical genital nevi. A clinicopathologic analysis of 56 cases","volume":"32","author":"Gleason","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2008.01150.x","article-title":"Melanocytic lesions of the genital area with attention given to atypical genital nevi","volume":"35","author":"Rib\u00e9","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cutan Pathol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2008.01041.x","article-title":"Nevi with site-related atypia: a review of melanocytic nevi with atypical histologic features based on anatomic site","volume":"35","author":"Hosler","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cutan Pathol"},{"issue":"1 Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(98)80028-2","article-title":"Atypical melanocytic nevi of the genital type with a discussion of reciprocal parenchymal-stromal interactions in the biology of neoplasia","volume":"29","author":"Clark","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.138.1.77","article-title":"Melanocytic proliferations associated with lichen sclerosus","volume":"138","author":"Carlson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S1028-4559(09)60281-3","article-title":"Primary malignant melanoma of the female genital tract","volume":"48","author":"Gungor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.2001.6337","article-title":"Vulvar melanoma: a retrospective analysis and literature review","volume":"83","author":"Irvin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1097\/CMR.0b013e32833684e8","article-title":"Population-based incidence of vulvar and vaginal melanoma in various races and ethnic groups with comparisons to other site-specific melanomas","volume":"20","author":"Hu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Melanoma Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19991001)86:7<1273::AID-CNCR24>3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"Malignant melanoma of the vulva in a nationwide, 25-year study of 219 Swedish females: clinical observations and histopathologic features","volume":"86","author":"Ragnarsson-Olding","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(08)70254-7","article-title":"Management of primary melanoma of the female urogenital tract","volume":"9","author":"Piura","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19991001)86:7<1285::AID-CNCR25>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"Malignant melanoma of the vulva in a nationwide, 25-year study of 219 Swedish females: predictors of survival","volume":"86","author":"Ragnarsson-Olding","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2003.07.026","article-title":"Vulvar melanoma: a report of 20 cases and review of the literature","volume":"50","author":"Wechter","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000271209.67461.91","article-title":"Vulvar melanoma: A multivariable analysis of 644 patients","volume":"110","author":"Sugiyama","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-8258(92)90300-8","article-title":"Management of vulvar melanoma","volume":"45","author":"Trimble","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-009-1358-8","article-title":"Sentinel node detection by lymphoscintigraphy and sentinel lymph node biopsy in vulvar melanoma","volume":"37","author":"Trifir\u00f2","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib41","series-title":"Genital dermatology atlas","first-page":"18","article-title":"Red plaques and patches","author":"Pelisse","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib42","first-page":"741","article-title":"Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia III: a clinical study of the outcome in 113 cases with relation to the later development of invasive vulvar carcinoma","volume":"84","author":"Jones","year":"1994","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(00)00949-2","article-title":"Spontaneous regression of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia 2-3","volume":"96","author":"Jones","year":"2000","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1997.tb08549.x","article-title":"5-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy: principles and experimental research","volume":"65","author":"Peng","year":"1997","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib45","first-page":"192","article-title":"Immunological and viral factors associated with the response of vulval intraepithelial neoplasia to photodynamic therapy","volume":"61","author":"Abdel-Hady","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(20000301)85:5<649::AID-IJC9>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia using 5-aminolevulinic acid","volume":"85","author":"Hillemanns","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"Suppl 10","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2865","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23759","article-title":"Incidence of in situ and invasive vulvar cancer in the US, 1998-2003","volume":"113","author":"Saraiya","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2009.1570","article-title":"Update of HPV-associated female genital cancers in the United States, 1999-2004","volume":"18","author":"Watson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1990.tb02502.x","article-title":"The epithelial changes associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva: a review of the clinical, histological and viral findings in 78 women","volume":"97","author":"Leibowitch","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1097\/00008469-199512000-00008","article-title":"Squamous cell carcinoma arising in vulval lichen sclerosus: a longitudinal cohort study","volume":"4","author":"Carli","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer Prev"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2827","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.23446","article-title":"Risk factors for invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva and vagina\u2014population-based case-control study in Denmark","volume":"122","author":"Madsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Cancer."},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.1067\/S0002-9378(03)00792-0","article-title":"Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma: guidelines for early diagnosis and treatment","volume":"189","author":"Tyring","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e318159a2cb","article-title":"Stage IA vulvar squamous cell carcinoma: an analysis of tumor invasive characteristics and risk","volume":"32","author":"Yoder","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.004","article-title":"Comparison of outcome and recurrence-free survival after sentinel lymph node biopsy and lymphadenectomy in vulvar cancer","volume":"110","author":"Johann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1097\/00004347-199710000-00005","article-title":"Basal cell carcinoma of the vulva: a clinicopathologic study of 45 cases","volume":"16","author":"Feakins","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.08.052","article-title":"Multiple polypoid basal cell carcinomas on the perineum of a patient with basal cell nevus syndrome","volume":"57","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib57","first-page":"85","article-title":"Pigmented apocrine hamartoma of the vulva: a report of two cases","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007_bib58","series-title":"Genital dermatology atlas","first-page":"186","article-title":"Genital dermatology in the immunosuppressed patient","author":"Helton","year":"2004"}],"container-title":["Dermatologic Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0733863510001324?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0733863510001324?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,7]],"date-time":"2018-12-07T14:26:03Z","timestamp":1544192763000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0733863510001324"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0733863510001324"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.det.2010.08.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0733-8635"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0733-8635","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]}}}