{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T19:26:09Z","timestamp":1792697169909,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dermatologic Clinics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,14]],"date-time":"2019-02-14T02:32:40Z","timestamp":1550111560000},"page":"183-193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["An Overview of Acne Therapy, Part 1"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Justin W.","family":"Marson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilary E.","family":"Baldwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13462","article-title":"A\u00a0global perspective on the epidemiology of acne","volume":"172","author":"Tan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12149","article-title":"Epidemiology acne vulgaris","volume":"168","author":"Bhake","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib3","first-page":"874","article-title":"The prevalence of acne in adults 20 years and older","volume":"58","author":"Collier","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1159\/000246015","article-title":"Scarred for life?","volume":"195","author":"Layton","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.1974.tb00628.x","article-title":"Studies on the mechanism of action of topical benzoyl peroxide and vitamin A acid in acne vulgaris","volume":"1","author":"Fulton","year":"1974","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cutan Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib6","first-page":"167","article-title":"Compared efficacy and safety of tretinoin 0.1% microsphere gel alone and in combination with benzoyl peroxide 6% cleanser for the treatment of acne vulgaris","volume":"72","author":"Shalita","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib7","first-page":"256","article-title":"Tazarotene versus tazarotene plus clindamycin\/benzoyl peroxide in the treatment of acne vulgaris: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group trial","volume":"5","author":"Tanghetti","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib8","first-page":"616","article-title":"Study results of benzoyl peroxide 5%\/clindamycin 1% gel, adapalene 0.1% gel, and use in combination for acne vulgaris","volume":"6","author":"Del Rosso","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.03.014","article-title":"Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials using 5% benzoyl peroxide and clindamycin versus 2.5% benzoyl peroxide and clindamycin in acne","volume":"65","author":"Seidler","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib10","first-page":"1083","article-title":"An aqueous gel fixed combination of clindamycin phosphate 1.2% and benzoyl peroxide 3.75% for the once-daily treatment of moderate to severe acne","volume":"13","author":"Pariser","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2008.07.001","article-title":"A\u00a0current review of topical benzoyl peroxide: new perspectives on formulation and utilization","volume":"27","author":"Tanghetti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"issue":"suppl 6","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib12","first-page":"5","article-title":"Current approach to acne management: a community-based analysis","volume":"83","author":"Del Rosso","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(02)80023-6","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized, double-blind comparison of a clindamycin phosphate\/benzoyl peroxide gel formulation and a matching clindamycin gel with respect to microbiologic activity and clinical efficacy in the topical treatment of acne vulgaris","volume":"24","author":"Cunliffe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib14","first-page":"417","article-title":"Antibiotic resistant Propionibacterium acnes suppressed by a benzoyl peroxide cleanser 6%","volume":"82","author":"Leyden","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1080\/000155502320323216","article-title":"Bacterial resistance and therapeutic outcome following three months of topical acne therapy with 2% erythromycin gel versus its vehicle","volume":"82","author":"Mills","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.037","article-title":"Guidelines of care for the treatment of acne vulgaris","volume":"74","author":"Zaenglein","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"suppl 6","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib17","first-page":"9","article-title":"Clinical considerations in the treatment of acne vulgaris and other inflammatory skin disorders: focus on antibiotic resistance","volume":"79","author":"Leyden","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06614.x","article-title":"Treatment of acne with topical antibiotics: lessons from clinical studies","volume":"153","author":"Simonart","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2003.618","article-title":"Global alliance to improve outcomes in acne. Management of acne: a report from a global alliance to improve outcomes in acne","volume":"49","author":"Gollnick","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib20","first-page":"106","article-title":"Comparison of two concentrations of tretinoin solution in the topical treatment of acne vulgaris","volume":"216","author":"Krishman","year":"1976","journal-title":"Practitioner"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib21","first-page":"349","article-title":"Tazarotene gel is safe and effective in the treatment of acne vulgaris: a multicenter, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study","volume":"63","author":"Shalita","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S24","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(98)70142-2","article-title":"Double-blind, vehicle-controlled, multicenter comparison of two 0.025% tretinoin creams in patients with acne vulgaris","volume":"38","author":"Lucky","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1971.tb02533.x","article-title":"Topical retinoic acid in acne vulgaris","volume":"84","author":"Pedace","year":"1971","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib24","first-page":"15","article-title":"The role of the vehicle in combination acne therapy","volume":"76","author":"Del Rosso","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib25","first-page":"602","article-title":"Novel tretinoin 0.05% lotion for the once daily treatment of moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris: assessment of efficacy and safety in patients aged 9 and older","volume":"17","author":"Tyring","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(96)90443-0","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of the efficacy and safety of adapalene gel 0.1% and tretinoin gel 0.025% in the treatment of acne vulgaris: a multicenter trial","volume":"34","author":"Shalita","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1998.1390s2017.x","article-title":"Adapalene 0.1% gel for the treatment of acne vulgaris: its superiority compared to tretinoin 0.025% cream in skin tolerance and patient preference","volume":"139","author":"Dunlap","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2000.108322","article-title":"Tazarotene versus tretinoin or adapalene in the treatment of acne vulgaris","volume":"43","author":"Kakita","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib29","first-page":"4","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of once-daily tazarotene 0.1% gel versus once-daily tretinoin 0.025% gel in the treatment of facial acne vulgaris: a randomized trial","volume":"67","author":"Webster","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270011429566","article-title":"Pregnancy outcome following exposure to topical retinoids: a multicenter prospective study","volume":"52","author":"Panchaud","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.30744","article-title":"Minor malformations characteristic of the retinoid acid embryopathy and other birth outcomes in children of women exposed to topical tretinoin during early pregnancy","volume":"136","author":"Loureiro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib32","first-page":"964","article-title":"Azelaic acid: evidence-based update on mechanism of acne and clinical applications","volume":"14","author":"Shulte","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib33","first-page":"586","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of azelaic acid (AzA) gel 15% in the treatment of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and acne: a 16 week, baseline-controlled study","volume":"10","author":"Kircik","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib34","first-page":"641","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of azelaic acid 15% foam in the treatment of facial acne vulgaris","volume":"17","author":"Hashim","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib35","first-page":"534","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of azelaic acid 15% foam in the treatment of truncal acne vulgaris","volume":"16","author":"Hoffman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib36","first-page":"553","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of once daily dapsone gel 7.5% for treatment of adolescents and adults with acne vulgaris: first of 2 identically designed, large, multicenter, randomized, vehicle-controlled trials","volume":"15","author":"Stein Gold","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439.e1-e10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.10.005","article-title":"Two randomized studies demonstrate the efficacy and safety of dapsone gel, 5% for the treatment of acne vulgaris","volume":"56","author":"Draelos","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib38","first-page":"1417","article-title":"The efficacy and tolerability of dapsone 5% gel in female vs. male patients with facial acne vulgaris: gender as a clinically relevant outcome variable","volume":"11","author":"Tanghetti","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib39","first-page":"31","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and tolerability of dapsone 5% gel in adult versus adolescent females with acne vulgaris","volume":"8","author":"Del Rosso","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib40","first-page":"1250","article-title":"Safety and pharmacokinetics of once-daily dapsone gel, 7.5% in patients with moderate acne vulgaris","volume":"15","author":"Jarratt","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-017-0267-z","article-title":"Oral antibiotic therapy for acne vulgaris: an evidence-based review","volume":"18","author":"Bienenfeld","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib42","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric acne","volume":"131","author":"Eichenfield","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.12075","article-title":"Non-antibiotic properties of tetracycline and their clinical applications in dermatology","volume":"55","author":"Perret","year":"2014","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14345","article-title":"Doxycycline as an anti-inflammatory agent: updates in dermatology","volume":"31","author":"Henehan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"suppl4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib45","first-page":"21","article-title":"Solodyn Phase 2 and Phase 3 Study Group. Safety and\u00a0efficacy of a new extended-release formulation of minocycline","volume":"78","author":"Fleischer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib46","first-page":"391","article-title":"European recommendations on the use of oral antibiotics for acne","volume":"14","author":"Dreno","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib47","first-page":"86","article-title":"Pulsed azithromycin treatment is as effective and safe as 2-week-longer daily doxycycline treatment of acne vulgaris: a randomized, double-blind, noninferiority study","volume":"9","author":"Maleszka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Skinmed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1080\/09546630701881506","article-title":"Azithromycin pulses in the treatment of inflammatory and pustular acne: efficacy, tolerability and safety","volume":"19","author":"Antonio","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dermatolog Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib49","first-page":"13","article-title":"Moderate acne vulgaris: efficacy, tolerance and compliance of oral azithromycin thrice weekly for","volume":"16","author":"Innocenzi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Dermatovenerol Croat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.5070\/D33QF1X5T6","article-title":"Azithromycin: a new therapeutical strategy for acne in adolescents","volume":"13","author":"Bardazzi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib51","first-page":"141","article-title":"A\u00a0dose-finding study of azithromycin in the treatment of acne vulgaris","volume":"15","author":"Basta-Juzbasic","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Dermatovenerol Croat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib52","first-page":"106","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of low dosage trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole with oxytetracycline in acne vulgaris","volume":"26","author":"Jen","year":"1980","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2008.00628.x","article-title":"Oral cephalexin for acne vulgaris: clinical experience with 93 patients","volume":"25","author":"Fenner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib54","first-page":"94","article-title":"Effective and safe combination therapy for severe acne vulgaris: a randomized, vehicle-controlled, double-blind study of adapalene 0.1%-benzoyl peroxide 2.5% fixed-dose combination gel with doxycycline hyclate 100 mg","volume":"85","author":"Gold","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib55","first-page":"619","article-title":"A\u00a0phase IV, open-label study evaluating the\u00a0use of triple-combination therapy with minocycline HCl extended-release tablets, a topical antibiotic-retinoid preparation and benzoyl peroxide in patients with moderate to severe acne vulgaris","volume":"12","author":"Zaenglein","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-9740.2005.04279.x","article-title":"Combination therapy with adapalene gel 0.1% and doxycycline for severe acne vulgaris: a multicenter, investigator blind, randomized, controlled study","volume":"4","author":"Thiboutot","year":"2005","journal-title":"Skinmed"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S218","DOI":"10.1067\/S0190-9622(03)01153-8","article-title":"Is combined oral and topical therapy better than oral therapy alone in patients with moderate to moderately severe acne vulgaris? A comparison of the efficacy and safety of lymecycline plus adapalene gel 0.1% versus lymecycline plus gel vehicle","volume":"49","author":"Cunliffe","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib58","first-page":"174","article-title":"Short-term combination therapy and long-term relapse prevention in the treatment of severe acne vulgaris","volume":"11","author":"Tan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10374.x","article-title":"Combination therapy with adapalene-benzoyl peroxide and oral lymecycline in the treatment of moderate to severe acne vulgaris; a multicentre, randomized, double-blind controlled study","volume":"165","author":"Dreno","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib60","first-page":"7","article-title":"Systemic therapy for rosacea: focus on oral antibiotic therapy and safety","volume":"66","author":"Del Rosso","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2008.07.006","article-title":"Optimizing use of oral antibiotics in acne vulgaris","volume":"27","author":"Del Rosso","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib62","first-page":"653","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized, phase 2, dose-ranging study in the treatment of moderate to severe inflammatory facial acne vulgaris with doxycycline calcium","volume":"12","author":"Leyden","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib63","first-page":"1407","article-title":"Doxycycline and minocycline for the management of acne: a review of efficacy and safety with emphasis on clinical implications","volume":"9","author":"Kircik","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.2165\/00044011-199510060-00002","article-title":"Enteric coating reduces upper gastrointestinal adverse reactions to doxycycline","volume":"10","author":"Jarvinen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Drug Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1988.tb03160.x","article-title":"A\u00a0double-blind, multiple-dose, placebo-controlled, cross-over study to compare the incidence of gastrointestinal complaints in healthy subjects given Doryx R and Vibramycin R","volume":"28","author":"Berger","year":"1988","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib66","series-title":"Data on file. Clinical study report for MP-0104-07","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2012.03.006","article-title":"Polyarteritis nodosa-like vasculitis in association with minocycline use: a single-center case series","volume":"42","author":"Kermani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.05.046","article-title":"Minocycline-induced drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome with persistent myocarditis","volume":"62","author":"Shaughnessy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2005.09.005","article-title":"Safety of doxycycline and minocycline: a systematic review","volume":"27","author":"Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.2310\/7750.2013.12085","article-title":"Doxycycline-induced cutaneous inflammation with systemic symptoms in a patient with acne vulgaris","volume":"17","author":"Weinstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cutan Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199512143332404","article-title":"Medication use and the risk of Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"333","author":"Roujeau","year":"1995","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.12.014","article-title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis: five years of treatment experience from a burn unit","volume":"67","author":"Firoz","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1991.01680040122017","article-title":"Cutaneous drug reactions in human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"127","author":"Coopman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2003.05067.x","article-title":"Antibiotic-resistant acne: lessons from Europe","volume":"148","author":"Ross","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1989.tb01399.x","article-title":"Erythromycin resistant propionibacteria in antibiotic treated acne patients: association with therapeutic failure","volume":"121","author":"Eady","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(83)70005-8","article-title":"Propionibacterium acnes resistance to antibiotics in acne patients","volume":"8","author":"Leyden","year":"1983","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib77","series-title":"Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States","year":"2013"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.139.4.467","article-title":"Effect of antibiotics on the oropharyngeal flora in patients with acne","volume":"139","author":"Levy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.141.9.1132","article-title":"Antibiotic treatment of acne may be associated with upper respiratory tract infections","volume":"141","author":"Margolis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2011.355","article-title":"Association of pharyngitis with oral antibiotic use for the treatment of acne: a cross-sectional and prospective cohort study","volume":"148","author":"Margolis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12275004","article-title":"Long-term antibiotic therapy for acne vulgaris effects on the bowel flora of patients and their relatives","volume":"85","author":"Adams","year":"1985","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib82","first-page":"655","article-title":"The development of antimicrobial resistance due to the antibiotic treatment of acne vulgaris: a review","volume":"9","author":"Patel","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.138.12.1584","article-title":"Acne vulgaris: a disease of Western civilization","volume":"138","author":"Cordain","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/00017285-197111000-00003","article-title":"When the Eskimo comes to town","volume":"6","author":"Schaefer","year":"1971","journal-title":"Nutr Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1080\/21548331.1974.11706898","article-title":"Disastrous trade-off: Eskimo health\u00a0for white \u2018Civilization\u2019","volume":"9","author":"Bendiner","year":"1974","journal-title":"Hosp Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib86","first-page":"359","article-title":"Necropsies on Okinawans: anatomic and pathologic observations","volume":"42","author":"Shen","year":"1946","journal-title":"Arch Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib87","first-page":"13","article-title":"The epidemiology of acne vulgaris in late adolescence","volume":"7","author":"Lynn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adolesc Health Med Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/76.1.5","article-title":"International table of glycemic index and glycemic load values: 2002","volume":"76","author":"Foster-Powell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2017.09.006","article-title":"Acne vulgaris: the metabolic syndrome of the pilosebaceous follicle","volume":"36","author":"Melnik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5070\/D32311037242","article-title":"Metformin as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of moderate to severe acne vulgaris","volume":"23","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2017.03.024","article-title":"Differences in dietary glycemic load and hormones in New\u00a0York City adults with no and moderate\/severe\u00a0acne","volume":"117","author":"Burris","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Acad Nutr Diet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.5114\/ada.2016.59146","article-title":"Significance of diet in treated and untreated acne vulgaris","volume":"33","author":"Kucharska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Postepy Dermatol Alergol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046","article-title":"The effect of a\u00a0high-protein, low glycemic-load diet versus a\u00a0conventional, high glycemic-load diet on biochemical parameters associated with acne vulgaris: a randomized, investigator-masked, controlled trial","volume":"57","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1346","article-title":"Clinical and histological effect of a low glycaemic load diet in treatment of acne vulgaris in Korean patients: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"92","author":"Kwon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.11.005","article-title":"The effect of a low glycemic load diet on acne vulgaris and the fatty acid composition of skin surface triglycerides","volume":"50","author":"Smith","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.08.007","article-title":"High school dietary dairy intake and teenage acne","volume":"52","author":"Adebamowo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.08.049","article-title":"Milk consumption and acne in teenaged boys","volume":"58","author":"Adebamowo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13835","article-title":"Acne and dairy products in adolescence: results from a Norwegian longitudinal study","volume":"31","author":"Ulvestad","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib99","article-title":"Dairy intake and acne development: a meta-analysis of observational studies","author":"Aghasi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib100","first-page":"70","article-title":"Whey protein precipitating moderate to severe acne flares in 5 teenaged athletes","volume":"90","author":"Silverberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1159\/000345102","article-title":"Acne and whey protein supplementation among bodybuilders","volume":"225","author":"Simonart","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20132024","article-title":"Incidence of acne vulgaris in young adult users of protein-calorie supplements in the city of Joao Pessoa\u2013PB","volume":"88","author":"Pontes Tde","year":"2013","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-7-36","article-title":"Acne vulgaris, mental health and omega-3 fatty acids: a report of cases","volume":"7","author":"Rubin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prostaglandins.2016.12.001","article-title":"Decreased eicosapentaenoic acid levels in acne vulgaris reveals the presence of a proinflammatory state","volume":"128-129","author":"Aslan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1802","article-title":"Effect of dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acid and gamma-linolenic acid on acne vulgaris: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial","volume":"94","author":"Jung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15495","article-title":"Light therapies for acne: abridged Cochrane systematic review including GRADE assessments","volume":"178","author":"Barbaric","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14881","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of non-pharmacological therapies for the treatment of acne vulgaris: a systematic review and best-evidence synthesis","volume":"32","author":"de Vries","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"}],"container-title":["Dermatologic Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0733863518311434?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0733863518311434?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T10:43:44Z","timestamp":1760006624000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0733863518311434"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"references-count":107,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0733863518311434"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0733-8635"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0733-8635","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"An Overview of Acne Therapy, Part 1","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Dermatologic Clinics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.det.2018.12.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}