{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T18:55:09Z","timestamp":1783018509743,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dermatologic Clinics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,15]],"date-time":"2021-05-15T09:20:48Z","timestamp":1621070448000},"page":"361-370","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Clinical Patterns of Hair Loss in Men"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Natalie","family":"Kash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matt","family":"Leavitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Leavitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Spencer D.","family":"Hawkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahil B.","family":"Roopani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"261","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ra8","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.2003638","article-title":"Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species promote epidermal differentiation and hair follicle development","volume":"6","author":"Hamanaka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci Signal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2014.475","article-title":"Mitochondrial function in murine skin epithelium is crucial for hair follicle morphogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal interactions","volume":"135","author":"Kloepper","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0131674","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0131674","article-title":"Foxp1 regulates the proliferation of hair follicle stem cells in response to oxidative stress during hair cycling","volume":"10","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12286","article-title":"The impact of oxidative stress on hair","volume":"37","author":"Trueb","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Cosmet Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib5","first-page":"725","article-title":"Lipid peroxides induce early onset of catagen phase in murine hair cycles","volume":"22","author":"Naito","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2015.28","article-title":"Oxidative stress-associated senescence in dermal papilla cells of men with androgenetic alopecia","volume":"135","author":"Upton","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5701147","article-title":"Premature senescence of balding dermal papilla cells in\u00a0vitro is associated with p16(INK4a) expression","volume":"128","author":"Bahta","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-019-01973-2","article-title":"In silico analysis of gene expression data from bald frontal and haired occipital scalp to identify candidate genes in male androgenetic alopecia","volume":"311","author":"Premanand","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.08.035","article-title":"Oxidative damage control in a human (mini-) organ: Nrf2 activation protects against oxidative stress-induced hair growth inhibition","volume":"137","author":"Haslam","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.05.070","article-title":"Stimulation of hair growth by small molecules that activate autophagy","volume":"27","author":"Chai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.02.099","article-title":"Sulforaphane promotes murine hair growth by accelerating the degradation of dihydrotestosterone","volume":"472","author":"Sasaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib12","first-page":"79","article-title":"Oxidative stress in androgenetic alopecia","volume":"9","author":"Prie","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Life"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12300","article-title":"The role of oxidative stress in early-onset androgenetic alopecia","volume":"16","author":"Kaya Erdogan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-0844(200009)18:3<169::AID-CBF870>3.0.CO;2-T","article-title":"Antioxidants and lipid peroxidation status in the blood of patients with alopecia","volume":"18","author":"Naziroglu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell Biochem Funct"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13381","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13381","article-title":"Dexpanthenol may be a novel treatment for male androgenetic alopecia: analysis of nine cases","volume":"33","author":"Kutlu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13293","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13293","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of a new formulation kit (shampoo\u00a0+ lotion) containing anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents to treat hair loss","volume":"33","author":"Anzai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib17","first-page":"91","article-title":"Effects of tocotrienol supplementation on hair growth in human volunteers","volume":"21","author":"Beoy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trop Life Sci Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2017.0016","article-title":"Annurca apple nutraceutical formulation enhances keratin expression in a human model of skin and promotes hair growth and tropism in a randomized clinical trial","volume":"21","author":"Tenore","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Food"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1080\/17425247.2018.1517740","article-title":"Clinical cosmeceutical repurposing of melatonin in androgenic alopecia using nanostructured lipid carriers prepared with antioxidant oils","volume":"15","author":"Hatem","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Deliv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.06.034","article-title":"Melatonin vitamin C-based nanovesicles for treatment of androgenic alopecia: design, characterization and clinical appraisal","volume":"122","author":"Hatem","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib21","first-page":"51","article-title":"A\u00a0proprietary herbal extract against hair loss in androgenetic alopecia and telogen effluvium: a placebo-controlled, single-blind, clinical-instrumental study","volume":"27","author":"Pekmezci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib22","first-page":"558","article-title":"A\u00a0six-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluating the safety and efficacy of a nutraceutical supplement for promoting hair growth in women with self-perceived thinning hair","volume":"17","author":"Ablon","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib23","first-page":"52","article-title":"An open-label evaluator blinded study of the efficacy and safety of a new nutritional supplement in androgenetic alopecia: a pilot study","volume":"10","author":"Nichols","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12127","article-title":"Effect of a nutritional supplement on hair loss in women","volume":"14","author":"Le Floc'h","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-7753.111199","article-title":"Topical melatonin for treatment of androgenetic alopecia","volume":"4","author":"Fischer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Trichology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2004.05685.x","article-title":"Melatonin increases anagen hair rate in women with androgenetic alopecia or diffuse alopecia: results of a pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"150","author":"Fischer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.800","article-title":"The first clinical trial of topical application of procyanidin B-2 to investigate its potential as a hair growing agent","volume":"15","author":"Takahashi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1473-2165.2005.00199.x","article-title":"Investigation of the topical application of procyanidin oligomers from apples to identify their potential use as a hair-growing agent","volume":"4","author":"Takahashi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2000.00612.x","article-title":"Androgenetic alopecia and microinflammation","volume":"39","author":"Mahe","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1159\/000074111","article-title":"Is androgenetic alopecia a photoaggravated dermatosis?","volume":"207","author":"Trueb","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2008.418","article-title":"Profiling the response of human hair follicles to ultraviolet radiation","volume":"129","author":"Lu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-7753.51923","article-title":"Oxidative stress in ageing of hair","volume":"1","author":"Trueb","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Trichology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2011.12.015","article-title":"Hydrogen peroxide and monoethanolamine are the key causative ingredients for hair dye-induced dermatitis and hair loss","volume":"66","author":"Seo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dermatol Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1515\/jom-1991-900813","article-title":"Cutaneous immunopathology of androgenetic alopecia","volume":"91","author":"Young","year":"1991","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Osteopath Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1992.tb00121.x","article-title":"Characterization of inflammatory infiltrates in male pattern alopecia: implications for pathogenesis","volume":"127","author":"Jaworsky","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1080\/000155599750010238","article-title":"Quantitative and ultrastructural analysis of inflammatory infiltrates in male pattern alopecia","volume":"79","author":"Sueki","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1473-2165.2009.00439.x","article-title":"Androgenetic alopecia in males: a histopathological and ultrastructural study","volume":"8","author":"El-Domyati","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib38","first-page":"1404","article-title":"The role of inflammation and immunity in the pathogenesis of androgenetic alopecia","volume":"10","author":"Magro","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.4103\/ijt.ijt_56_18","article-title":"A\u00a0comment on the science of hair aging","volume":"10","author":"Trueb","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Trichology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2012.08.006","article-title":"The basic science of hair biology: what are the causal mechanisms for the disordered hair follicle?","volume":"31","author":"Breitkopf","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-003-0447-y","article-title":"Histological features of peripilar signs associated with androgenetic alopecia","volume":"295","author":"Deloche","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12341","article-title":"Apoptosis in follicles of individuals with female pattern hair loss is associated with perifollicular microinflammation","volume":"38","author":"Ramos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cosmet Sci"},{"issue":"8\u20139","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5565(02)00093-1","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of androgenetic alopecia","volume":"37","author":"Trueb","year":"2002","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2003.12174.x","article-title":"Identification of androgen-inducible TGF-beta1 derived from dermal papilla cells as a key mediator in androgenetic alopecia","volume":"8","author":"Inui","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Investig Dermatol Symp Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2016.10.018","article-title":"Androgens modify Wnt agonists\/antagonists expression balance in dermal papilla cells preventing hair follicle stem cell differentiation in androgenetic alopecia","volume":"439","author":"Leiros","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib46","first-page":"s135","article-title":"New insight into the pathophysiology of hair loss trigger a paradigm shift in the treatment approach","volume":"16","author":"Sadick","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2012.03.009","article-title":"Eicosanoids in skin inflammation","volume":"88","author":"Nicolaou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib48","first-page":"143","article-title":"Phospholipase A2--a mediator between proximal and distal effectors of inflammation","volume":"12","author":"Pruzanski","year":"1991","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13057","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)36794-7","article-title":"Diversity of group types, regulation, and function of phospholipase A2","volume":"269","author":"Dennis","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(97)00643-1","article-title":"Nitric oxide donors activate the cyclo-oxygenase and peroxidase activities of prostaglandin H synthase","volume":"410","author":"Maccarrone","year":"1997","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2004.05785.x","article-title":"Minoxidil: mechanisms of action on hair growth","volume":"150","author":"Messenger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2007.00586.x","article-title":"Prostaglandin metabolism in human hair follicle","volume":"16","author":"Colombe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2007.00639.x","article-title":"Prostanoid receptors in anagen human hair follicles","volume":"17","author":"Colombe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-005-0715-8","article-title":"Enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of leukotriene B4 and prostaglandin E2 are active in sebaceous glands","volume":"84","author":"Alestas","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Mol Med (Berl)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12334249","article-title":"Activation of cytoprotective prostaglandin synthase-1 by minoxidil as a possible explanation for its hair growth-stimulating effect","volume":"108","author":"Michelet","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"126","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126ra134","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003122","article-title":"Prostaglandin D2 inhibits hair growth and is elevated in bald scalp of men with androgenetic alopecia","volume":"4","author":"Garza","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12348","article-title":"Does prostaglandin D2 hold the cure to male pattern baldness?","volume":"23","author":"Nieves","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02505237","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of bFGF, VEGF and minoxidil on collagen synthesis by cultured hair dermal papilla cells","volume":"288","author":"Lachgar","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1080\/13543784.2017.1303480","article-title":"Bimatoprost for the treatment of eyelash, eyebrow and scalp alopecia","volume":"26","author":"Barron-Hernandez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1998.02115.x","article-title":"Minoxidil upregulates the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in human hair dermal papilla cells","volume":"138","author":"Lachgar","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12261084","article-title":"Minoxidil stimulates cutaneous blood flow in human balding scalps: pharmacodynamics measured by laser Doppler velocimetry and photopulse plethysmography","volume":"82","author":"Wester","year":"1984","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1987.tb07505.x","article-title":"Alterations in scalp blood flow after the epicutaneous application of 3% minoxidil and 0.1% hexyl nicotinate in alopecia","volume":"117","author":"Bunker","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(00)00268-6","article-title":"Signaling transduction mechanisms mediating biological actions of the vascular endothelial growth factor family","volume":"49","author":"Zachary","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI11317","article-title":"Control of hair growth and follicle size by VEGF-mediated angiogenesis","volume":"107","author":"Yano","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4103\/ijt.ijt_74_16","article-title":"A\u00a0meta-analysis on evidence of platelet-rich plasma for androgenetic alopecia","volume":"10","author":"Giordano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Trichology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700999","article-title":"Dihydrotestosterone-inducible dickkopf 1 from balding dermal papilla cells causes apoptosis in follicular keratinocytes","volume":"128","author":"Kwack","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4297","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000004297","article-title":"An investigation of crosstalk between Wnt\/beta-catenin and transforming growth factor-beta signaling in androgenetic alopecia","volume":"95","author":"Lu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.02-0043fje","article-title":"Androgen-inducible TGF-beta1 from balding dermal papilla cells inhibits epithelial cell growth: a clue to understand paradoxical effects of androgen on human hair growth","volume":"16","author":"Inui","year":"2002","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1053","article-title":"Keratinocyte growth inhibition through the modification of Wnt signaling by androgen in balding dermal papilla cells","volume":"94","author":"Kitagawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2010.01143.x","article-title":"L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate represses the dihydrotestosterone-induced dickkopf-1 expression in human balding dermal papilla cells","volume":"19","author":"Kwack","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2010.43.10.688","article-title":"Preventable effect of L-threonate, an ascorbate metabolite, on androgen-driven balding via repression of dihydrotestosterone-induced dickkopf-1 expression in human hair dermal papilla cells","volume":"43","author":"Kwack","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMB Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/11.3.298","article-title":"Aging: a theory based on free radical and radiation chemistry","volume":"11","author":"Harman","year":"1956","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-4039fje","article-title":"Towards a \"free radical theory of graying\": melanocyte apoptosis in the aging human hair follicle is an indicator of oxidative stress induced tissue damage","volume":"20","author":"Arck","year":"2006","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2010.397","article-title":"Human hair follicle and epidermal melanocytes exhibit striking differences in their aging profile which involves catalase","volume":"131","author":"Kauser","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2017.01.003","article-title":"Stress-induced premature senescence of dermal papilla cells compromises hair follicle epithelial-mesenchymal interaction","volume":"86","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dermatol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.2147\/ciia.2006.1.2.121","article-title":"Pharmacologic interventions in aging hair","volume":"1","author":"Trueb","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000369594","article-title":"Normal and aging hair biology and structure 'aging and hair'","volume":"47","author":"Goodier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Probl Dermatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.13467","article-title":"Histopathology of aging of the hair follicle","volume":"46","author":"Fernandez-Flores","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cutan Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/0738-081X(88)90074-0","article-title":"The comparative histopathology of male-pattern baldness and senescent baldness","volume":"6","author":"Kligman","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.07.007","article-title":"How real is senescent alopecia? A histopathologic approach","volume":"29","author":"Whiting","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06310.x","article-title":"The lack of significant changes in scalp hair follicle density with advancing age","volume":"152","author":"Sinclair","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1995.tb08630.x","article-title":"Ageing and hair cycles","volume":"132","author":"Courtois","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2013.06.017","article-title":"Microarray analysis of androgenetic and senescent alopecia: comparison of gene expression shows two distinct profiles","volume":"72","author":"Karnik","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dermatol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2014.10.008","article-title":"Age-related hair changes in men: mechanisms and management of alopecia and graying","volume":"80","author":"Mirmirani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1159\/000068894","article-title":"Association between smoking and hair loss: another opportunity for health education against smoking?","volume":"206","author":"Tr\u00fceb","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201700029","article-title":"Oxidative stress management in the hair follicle: could targeting NRF2 counter age-related hair disorders and beyond?","volume":"39","author":"Jadkauskaite","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioessays"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2017.02.007","article-title":"Role of Nrf2 and protective effects of Metformin against tobacco smoke-induced cerebrovascular toxicity","volume":"12","author":"Prasad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.143.11.1401","article-title":"Association of androgenetic alopecia with smoking and its prevalence among Asian men: a community-based survey","volume":"143","author":"Su","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.313.7072.1616","article-title":"Premature gray hair and hair loss among smokers: a new opportunity for health education?","volume":"313","author":"Mosley","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13727","article-title":"Implications of cigarette smoking on early-onset androgenetic alopecia: a cross-sectional Study","volume":"20","author":"Salem","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.12229","article-title":"An epidemiological study of androgenic alopecia in 3114 Korean patients","volume":"39","author":"Yeo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-017-1799-z","article-title":"Mediterranean diet: fresh herbs and fresh vegetables decrease the risk of Androgenetic Alopecia in males","volume":"310","author":"Fortes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12","DOI":"10.35371\/aoem.2019.31.e12","article-title":"Relationship between working hours and probability to take alopecia medicine among Korean male workers: a 4-year follow-up study","volume":"31","author":"Son","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3182865ca9","article-title":"The contribution of endogenous and exogenous factors to male alopecia: a study of identical twins","volume":"131","author":"Gatherwright","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2003.05565.x","article-title":"Androgenetic alopecia in men aged 40-69 years: prevalence and risk factors","volume":"149","author":"Severi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13652","article-title":"The combination of overweight and smoking increases the severity of androgenetic alopecia","volume":"56","author":"Fortes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e79789","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079789","article-title":"Androgenic alopecia is associated with less dietary soy, lower [corrected] blood vanadium and rs1160312 1 polymorphism in Taiwanese communities","volume":"8","author":"Lai","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.4103\/ijt.ijt_6_19","article-title":"Quality of life assessment in patients with androgenetic alopecia","volume":"11","author":"Gupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Trichology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20175241","article-title":"Frequency, severity and related factors of androgenetic alopecia in dermatology outpatient clinic: hospital-based cross-sectional study in Turkey","volume":"92","author":"Salman","year":"2017","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"issue":"5831","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.4.5831.3","article-title":"Predicting coronary artery disease","volume":"4","year":"1972","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.07.079","article-title":"Alopecia and its association with coronary heart disease and cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis","volume":"176","author":"Trieu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14000","article-title":"Lipid profile in patients with androgenetic alopecia: a meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1097\/XCE.0000000000000136","article-title":"Androgenic alopecia, premature graying, and hair thinning as independent predictors of coronary artery disease in young Asian males","volume":"6","author":"Sharma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.12871","article-title":"Severity of alopecia predicts coronary changes and arterial stiffness in untreated hypertensive men","volume":"19","author":"Triantafyllidi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-7753.171566","article-title":"Is early onset androgenic alopecia a marker of metabolic syndrome and carotid artery atherosclerosis in young Indian male patients?","volume":"7","author":"Banger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Trichology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13355","article-title":"Relationship between androgenetic alopecia and cardiovascular risk factors according to BASP classification in Koreans","volume":"43","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-7753.136747","article-title":"Association between androgenetic alopecia and coronary artery disease in young male patients","volume":"6","author":"Sharma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Trichology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.3109\/08037051.2015.1111021","article-title":"Androgenetic alopecia as an indicator of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk","volume":"25","author":"Ertas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood Press"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5178.137776","article-title":"Androgenetic alopecia, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance: is there any association? A case-control study","volume":"5","author":"Bakry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.IJD_526_16","article-title":"Clinical profile of androgenic alopecia and its association with cardiovascular risk factors","volume":"64","author":"Vora","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.174421","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome in androgenic alopecia","volume":"82","author":"Gopinath","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.IJD_724_16","article-title":"The association of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in early-onset androgenetic alopecia in males: a case-control study","volume":"64","author":"Swaroop","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S231940","article-title":"Androgenetic alopecia: relationship to anthropometric indices, blood pressure and life-style habits","volume":"13","author":"Danesh-Shakiba","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2010.04677.x","article-title":"Androgenetic alopecia and insulin resistance: are they truly associated?","volume":"50","author":"Abdel Fattah","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib115","first-page":"79","article-title":"Male equivalent polycystic ovarian syndrome: hormonal, metabolic, and clinical aspects","volume":"14","author":"Di Guardo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-017-0728-5","article-title":"Does a male polycystic ovarian syndrome equivalent exist?","volume":"41","author":"Cannarella","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2016.1776","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of the hormonal profile of early androgenetic alopecia in men with the phenotypic equivalent of polycystic ovarian syndrome in women","volume":"152","author":"Sanke","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1942126","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1942126","article-title":"Increased DHEAS and decreased total testosterone serum levels in a subset of men with early-onset androgenetic alopecia: does a male PCOS-equivalent exist?","volume":"2020","author":"Cannarella","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7801","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08528-3","article-title":"Glycolipid and hormonal profiles in young men with early-onset androgenetic alopecia: a meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Cannarella","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Dermatologic Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0733863521000152?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0733863521000152?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T10:44:29Z","timestamp":1760006669000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0733863521000152"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"references-count":119,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0733863521000152"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0733-8635"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0733-8635","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Clinical Patterns of Hair Loss in Men","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Dermatologic Clinics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.det.2021.03.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}