{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:45:57Z","timestamp":1791229557785,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dermatologic Clinics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T08:11:19Z","timestamp":1681805479000},"page":"377-392","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Diagnosing Disorders of Facial Erythema"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Chiamaka","family":"Ohanenye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumayah","family":"Taliaferro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie D.","family":"Callender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.102127","article-title":"Skin erythema and pigmentation: a review of optical assessment techniques","volume":"33","author":"Abdlaty","year":"2021","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib2","first-page":"907","article-title":"Standard grading system for rosacea: report of the national Rosacea Society Expert Committee on the classification and staging of rosacea","volume":"50","author":"Wilkins","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.02.1121","article-title":"Assessment of rosacea severity: a review of evaluation methods used in clinical trials","volume":"73","author":"Hopkinson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.08.049","article-title":"Global epidemiology and clinical spectrum of rosacea, highlighting skin of color: Review and clinical practice experience","volume":"80","author":"Alexis","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib5","author":"Sutaria"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S98","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.120791","article-title":"Acne vulgaris in skin of color","volume":"46","author":"Taylor","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib7","first-page":"740","article-title":"Acne Vulgaris: Treatment Guidelines from the AAD","volume":"95","author":"Hauk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib8","first-page":"24","article-title":"A\u00a0review of acne in ethnic skin: pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and management strategies","volume":"3","author":"Davis","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdvl.IJDVL_769_19","article-title":"Rosacea in skin of color: A comprehensive review","volume":"86","author":"Sarkar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2010.413","article-title":"Neurogenic rosacea: a distinct clinical subtype requiring a modified approach to treatment","volume":"147","author":"Scharschmidt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-015-0115-y","article-title":"Are Demodex mites principal, conspirator, accomplice, witness or bystander in the cause of rosacea?","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14930","article-title":"Rosacea and gastrointestinal disorders: a population-based cohort study","volume":"176","author":"Egeberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S121117","article-title":"Rosacea and Helicobacter pylori: links and risks","volume":"10","author":"Lazaridou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib14","first-page":"907","article-title":"Standard grading system for rosacea: report of the National Rosacea Society Expert Committee on the classification and staging of rosacea","volume":"50","author":"Wilkin","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1097\/01.icu.0000143683.14738.76","article-title":"Ocular rosacea: an update on pathogenesis and therapy","volume":"15","author":"Stone","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.5070\/D39773C559","article-title":"A\u00a0case of granulomatous rosacea: sorting granulomatous rosacea from other granulomatous diseases that affect the face","volume":"10","author":"Khokhar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dermatol Online J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.08.027","article-title":"Rosacea: part II. Topical and systemic therapies in the treatment of rosacea","volume":"72","author":"Two","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-021-00595-7","article-title":"Rosacea: New Concepts in Classification and Treatment","volume":"22","author":"van Zuuren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib19","first-page":"503","article-title":"What Is \u201cPFE\u201d? It May Just Be Time You Found Out","volume":"18","author":"Del Rosso","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol JDD"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.05.037","article-title":"The red face revisited: connective tissue disorders","volume":"32","author":"Kazandjieva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203302lu161oa","article-title":"Differences by race, sex and age in the clinical and immunologic features of recently diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus patients in the southeastern United States","volume":"11","author":"Cooper","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib22","first-page":"156","article-title":"Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin in black patients with discoid lupus erythematosus","volume":"14","author":"Caruso","year":"1987","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780310811","article-title":"Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus: clinical, serologic, immunogenetic, and therapeutic considerations in seventy-two patients","volume":"31","author":"Callen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib24","series-title":"Bolognia JL Dermatology","first-page":"601","author":"Lee","year":"2012"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.1991.11700800","article-title":"The butterfly rash and the malar flush. What diseases do these signs reflect?","volume":"89","author":"Dreizen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib26","series-title":"Treatments for Skin of Color","article-title":"Collagen Vascular Diseases","author":"Taliaferro","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-018-8713-0","article-title":"Irritant Contact Dermatitis","volume":"56","author":"Bains","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib28","first-page":"249","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of contact dermatitis","volume":"82","author":"Usatine","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib29","series-title":"Pigmented ethnic skin and imported Dermatoses","article-title":"Contact dermatitis in skin of color","author":"Ruszczak","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.12788\/j.sder.2016.058","article-title":"Hair-care practices in African American women: potential for allergic contact dermatitis","volume":"35","author":"Stallings","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Cutan Med Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib31","first-page":"24","article-title":"Seborrheic Dermatitis in Skin of Color: Clinical Considerations","volume":"18","author":"Elgash","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib32","article-title":"Seborrheic Dermatitis and Dandruff: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"3","author":"Borda","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Investig Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib33","first-page":"125","article-title":"Seborrheic dermatitis: an overview","volume":"74","author":"Schwartz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.013","article-title":"Psoriasis prevalence among adults in the United States","volume":"70","author":"Rachakonda","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"2S","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.12788\/cutis.0038","article-title":"Psoriasis in patients of color: differences in morphology, clinical presentation, and treatment","volume":"106","author":"Nicholas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib36","author":"Oakley"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-017-0332-7","article-title":"Psoriasis in Skin of Color: Insights into the Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Genetics, Quality-of-Life Impact, and Treatment of Psoriasis in Non-White Racial\/Ethnic Groups","volume":"19","author":"Kaufman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib38","first-page":"16","article-title":"Psoriasis in skin of color: epidemiology, genetics, clinical presentation, and treatment nuances","volume":"7","author":"Alexis","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib39","first-page":"CD009687","article-title":"Topical treatments for scalp psoriasis","volume":"2","author":"Schlager","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.100486","article-title":"Clinical presentation and evaluation of dermatomyositis","volume":"57","author":"Marvi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001","article-title":"Dermatomyositis","volume":"24","author":"Callen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinics in Dermatology"},{"issue":"suppl 10","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib42","article-title":"Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between African American and Caucasian Patients with Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis and Their Response to Conventional Treatment [abstract]","volume":"69","author":"Birbal Jain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab809","article-title":"Racial disparities in skin tone representation of dermatomyositis rashes: a systematic review","volume":"61","author":"Babool","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib44","first-page":"409","article-title":"Dermatomyositis and malignancy","volume":"65","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib45","author":"Qudsiya"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib46","first-page":"11","article-title":"Acute effects of ultraviolet radiation on the skin","volume":"9","author":"Soter","year":"1990","journal-title":"Semin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib47","unstructured":"Young A. and Tewari A., In: Dellavale R., Danzl D., Corona R. et al., UpToDate, 2022, Waltham, MA."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib48","first-page":"46","article-title":"Easy as PIE (Postinflammatory Erythema)","volume":"6","author":"Bae-Harboe","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib49","first-page":"718","article-title":"Therapeutic Insights in Melasma and Hyperpigmentation Management","volume":"18","author":"Huerth","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.182806","article-title":"Combined vitamin C sonophoresis and neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (NdYAG) laser for facial hyperpigmentation: An outcome observation study in Asian patients","volume":"82","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib51","first-page":"WC08","article-title":"Clinical Efficacy and Safety on Combining 20% Trichloroacetic Acid Peel with Topical 5% Ascorbic Acid for Melasma","volume":"11","author":"Dayal","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Diagn Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.09.074","article-title":"Topical 5% tranexamic acid for acne-related postinflammatory erythema","volume":"82","author":"Jakhar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2020.1789045","article-title":"Successful treatment of the face post acne erythema using a topically applied selective alpha 1-Adrenergic receptor agonist, oxymetazoline 1.5%, a controlled left to right face comparative trial","volume":"33","author":"Agamia","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dermatolog Treat"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1080\/14764172.2018.1516887","article-title":"Topical brimonidine-assisted laser treatment for the prevention of therapy-related erythema and hyperpigmentation","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cosmet Laser Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13922","article-title":"Efficacy of MAS063DP lotion vs 0.02% triamcinolone acetonide lotion in improving post-ablative fractional CO2 laser resurfacing wound healing: a split-face, triple-blinded, randomized, controlled trial","volume":"57","author":"Lueangarun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12332","article-title":"The use of sunscreen starting on the first day after ablative fractional skin resurfacing","volume":"28","author":"Wanitphakdeedecha","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.04.015","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of nonpurpuragenic 595-nm pulsed dye laser and microsecond 1064-nm neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser for treatment of diffuse facial erythema: A double-blind randomized controlled trial","volume":"69","author":"Alam","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5560386","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5560386","article-title":"1927 nm Thulium Laser Successfully Treats PostInflammatory Hyperpigmentation in Skin of Color","author":"Alharbi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dermatol Res Pract"}],"container-title":["Dermatologic Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0733863523000141?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0733863523000141?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T10:46:25Z","timestamp":1760006785000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0733863523000141"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0733863523000141"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0733-8635"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0733-8635","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Diagnosing Disorders of Facial Erythema","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Dermatologic Clinics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.det.2023.02.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}