{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T04:25:38Z","timestamp":1788323138504,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dermatologic Clinics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T16:09:49Z","timestamp":1689696589000},"page":"21-32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Chemical Peels in Treatment of Melasma"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Rashmi","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saloni","family":"Katoch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4725.2000.00505.x","article-title":"A\u00a0History of Chemical Peeling","volume":"26","author":"Brody","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16307","article-title":"The rise of Chemical Peeling in 19th-century European Dermatology: emergence of agents, formulations and treatments","volume":"34","author":"Borelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.57602","article-title":"Topical treatment of melasma","volume":"54","author":"Bandyopadhyay","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib4","first-page":"558","article-title":"Medical Management of Melasma: A Review with Consensus Recommendations by Indian Pigmentary Expert Group","volume":"62","author":"Sarkar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdvl.IJDVL_633_18","article-title":"Future therapies in melasma: What lies ahead?","volume":"86","author":"Sarkar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-017-0194-1","article-title":"Melasma: an Up-to-Date Comprehensive Review","volume":"7","author":"Ogbechie-Godec","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.IDOJ_187_17","article-title":"Evidence-based Review, Grade of Recommendation, and Suggested Treatment Recommendations for Melasma","volume":"8","author":"Sarma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib8","first-page":"578","article-title":"Chemical peels in melasma: A review with consensus recommendations by Indian pigmentary expert group","volume":"62","author":"Sarkar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E824","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17060824","article-title":"Heterogeneous pathology of melasma and its clinical implications","volume":"17","author":"Kwon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2010.22.4.373","article-title":"What should be considered in treatment of melasma","volume":"22","author":"Kang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-022-00780-4","article-title":"Update on Melasma\u2014Part II: Treatment","volume":"12","author":"Cassiano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib12","first-page":"21","article-title":"A\u00a0Practical Approach to Chemical Peels: A Review of Fundamentals and Step-by-step Algorithmic Protocol for Treatment","volume":"11","author":"Soleymani","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.4103\/2349-5847.147044","article-title":"Recent advances in melasma","volume":"1","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pigment Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib14","first-page":"58","article-title":"Chemical peels: review and practical applications","volume":"5","author":"Yokomizo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Surg Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.12715","article-title":"Chemical peels: A review of current practice","volume":"59","author":"O'Connor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2077.104912","article-title":"Chemical peels for melasma in dark-skinned patients","volume":"5","author":"Sarkar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cutan Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2077.74500","article-title":"Prevention of complications in chemical peeling","volume":"3","author":"Anitha","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cutan Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.4103\/Pigmentinternational.Pigmentinternational_33_17","article-title":"Correlation of clinicodermatoscopic and Wood\u2019s lamp findings in patients having melasma","volume":"5","author":"Dharni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pigment Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.4103\/2349-5847.219678","article-title":"A\u00a0clinico dermoscopic study of melasma in a tertiary care center","volume":"4","author":"Nanjundaswamy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pigment Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5178.142484","article-title":"Melasma update","volume":"5","author":"Sarkar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.98071","article-title":"Newer and upcoming therapies for melasma","volume":"78","author":"Sarkar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib22","first-page":"1032","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of beneficiary effects of priming agents (2% hydroquinone and 0.025% retinoic acid) in the treatment of melasma with glycolic acid peels","volume":"34","author":"Garg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib23","first-page":"828","article-title":"The combination of glycolic acid peels with a topical regimen in the treatment of melasma in dark-skinned patients: A comparative study","volume":"28","author":"Sarkar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib24","first-page":"1439","article-title":"Comparison between 1% tretinoin peeling versus 70% glycolic acid peeling in the treatment of female patients with melasma","volume":"10","author":"Faghihi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib25","first-page":"756","article-title":"Tretinoin peels versus glycolic acid peels in the treatment of melasma in dark-skinned patients","volume":"30","author":"Khunger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib26","first-page":"82","article-title":"Chemical peeling\u2014glycolic acid versus trichloroacetic acid in melasma","volume":"67","author":"Kalla","year":"2001","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1097\/00042728-200502000-00005","article-title":"Lactic acid as a new therapeutic peeling agent in melasma","volume":"31","author":"Sharquie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib28","first-page":"1429","article-title":"Lactic acid chemical peels as a new therapeutic modality in melasma in comparison to Jessner's solution chemical peels","volume":"32","author":"Sharquie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib29","first-page":"255","article-title":"Application of lactic acid peeling in patients with melasma: A comparative study","volume":"6","author":"Sandin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surgical and Cosmetic Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14693","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.14693","article-title":"Most worthwhile superficial chemical peel for melasma of skin of color: Authors' experience of glycolic, trichloroacetic acid, and lactic peel","volume":"34","author":"Sahu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib31","first-page":"407142","article-title":"Effect of 82% Lactic Acid in Treatment of Melasma","volume":"2014","author":"Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Sch Res Notices"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000000642","article-title":"Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy and Tolerability of Glycolic Acid, Salicylic Mandelic Acid, and Phytic Acid Combination Peels in Melasma","volume":"42","author":"Sarkar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib33","first-page":"205","article-title":"Comparison of 30% salicylic acid with Jessner's solution for superficial chemical peeling in epidermal melasma","volume":"18","author":"Ejaz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Coll Physicians Surg Pak"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4725.1999.08145.x","article-title":"The safety and efficacy of salicylic acid chemical peels in darker racial-ethnic groups","volume":"25","author":"Grimes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib35","first-page":"40","article-title":"The Use of Lipohydroxy Acid in Skin Care and Acne Treatment","volume":"9","author":"Zeichner","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib36","first-page":"32","article-title":"Evidence and considerations in the application of chemical peels in skin disorders and aesthetic resurfacing","volume":"3","author":"Rendon","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib37","first-page":"P6943","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of lipohydroxy acid combined with trichloracetic acid facial peel","author":"Vavoulis","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5178.96702","article-title":"Comparative study of 15% TCA peel versus 35% glycolic acid peel for the treatment of melasma","volume":"3","author":"Puri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1473-2165.2007.00302.x","article-title":"Combined trichloroacetic acid peel and topical ascorbic acid versus trichloroacetic acid peel alone in the treatment of melasma: A comparative study","volume":"6","author":"Soliman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.48985","article-title":"A\u00a0study comparing chemical peeling using modified Jessner's solution and 15% trichloroacetic acid versus 15% trichloroacetic acid in the treatment of melasma","volume":"54","author":"Safoury","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.21608\/scumj.2011.57471","article-title":"A\u00a0Study Comparing Chemical Peeling using Trichloroacetic Acid and Jessner\u2019s Solution in the Treatment of Melasma","volume":"14","author":"Eyada","year":"2011","journal-title":"Suez canal University Medical Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1473-2165.2010.00488.x","article-title":"Melasma: treatment with 10% tretinoin peeling mask","volume":"9","author":"Ghersetich","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2010.01481.x","article-title":"Glycolic acid peels versus amino fruit acid peels in the treatment of melasma","volume":"36","author":"Ilknur","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib44","first-page":"526","article-title":"Clinical and instrumental evaluation of skin improvement after treatment with a new 50% pyruvic acid peel","volume":"32","author":"Berardesca","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713554","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.713554","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy of melasma treatments: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med"}],"container-title":["Dermatologic Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0733863523000542?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0733863523000542?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T10:47:05Z","timestamp":1760006825000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0733863523000542"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0733863523000542"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0733-8635"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0733-8635","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Chemical Peels in Treatment of Melasma","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Dermatologic Clinics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.det.2023.06.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}