{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T23:03:54Z","timestamp":1775516634346,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dermatologic Clinics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2026.01.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T09:57:47Z","timestamp":1772099867000},"page":"191-203","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Squamous Precursor Lesions of the Vulva"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Crimmins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle M.","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. Angelica","family":"Selim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2026.01.015_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14925","article-title":"Human papillomavirus and p53 status define three types of vulvar squamous cell carcinomas with distinct clinical, pathological, and prognostic features","volume":"83","author":"Carreras-Dieguez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2026.01.015_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100145","article-title":"Classification of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma and precursor lesions by p16 and p53 immunohistochemistry: considerations, caveats, and an algorithmic approach","volume":"36","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2026.01.015_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cdp.2006.09.002","article-title":"Precancer: a conceptual working definition -- results of a Consensus Conference","volume":"30","author":"Berman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Detect Prev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2026.01.015_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2024.100007","volume":"35","author":"Preti","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2026.01.015_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1097\/PGP.0b013e31826916c7","article-title":"The lower anogenital squamous terminology standardization project for HPV-associated lesions: background and consensus recommendations from the college of American pathologists and the American Society for colposcopy and cervical pathology","volume":"32","author":"Darragh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2026.01.015_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0000000000000169","article-title":"The 2015 international Society for the Study of vulvovaginal disease (ISSVD) terminology of Vulvar squamous intraepithelial lesions","volume":"20","author":"Bornstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Low Genit Tract Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2026.01.015_bib8","volume":"vol. 4","year":"2020"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2026.01.015_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(23)00066-9","article-title":"Prevalence of human papillomavirus DNA and p16INK4a positivity in vulvar cancer and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2026.01.015_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000187301.76283.7f","article-title":"Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: aspects of the natural history and outcome in 405 women","volume":"106","author":"Jones","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2026.01.015_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1136\/ijgc-2021-003262","volume":"32","author":"Preti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2026.01.015_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102866","article-title":"Precursor lesions of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma - histology and biomarkers: a systematic review","volume":"147","author":"Dasgupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2026.01.015_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2016.02.015","article-title":"Squamous precursor lesions of the vulva: current classification and diagnostic challenges","volume":"48","author":"Hoang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2026.01.015_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.1987.tb01011.x","article-title":"Multifocal invasive carcinoma of the vulva in a 25-year-old woman with Bowenoid papulosis","volume":"27","author":"Planner","year":"1987","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2026.01.015_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2017.10.029","article-title":"Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: risk factors for recurrence","volume":"148","author":"Satmary","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2026.01.015_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.101757","article-title":"HPV-associated and HPV-independent vulvar squamous cell carcinoma: is there an impact of resection margins on local recurrence?","volume":"35","author":"Boo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2026.01.015_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001047","article-title":"Differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia-like and lichen sclerosus-like lesions in HPV-associated squamous cell carcinomas of the vulva","volume":"42","author":"Rakislova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2026.01.015_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1097\/PGP.0000000000000509","article-title":"Classic vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia with superimposed lichen simplex chronicus: a unique variant mimicking differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia","volume":"38","author":"Watkins","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2026.01.015_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000213251.82940.bf","article-title":"p16 overexpression identifies HPV-positive vulvar squamous cell carcinomas","volume":"30","author":"Santos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2026.01.015_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1097\/PGP.0000000000001077","article-title":"Role of immunohistochemical analysis of p16 and p53 in vulvar carcinoma","volume":"44","author":"Choschzick","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2026.01.015_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000800","article-title":"HR-HPV E6\/E7 mRNA in situ hybridization: validation against PCR, DNA in situ hybridization, and p16 immunohistochemistry in 102 samples of cervical, vulvar, anal, and head and neck Neoplasia","volume":"41","author":"Mills","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2026.01.015_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1097\/PAP.0000000000000472","article-title":"Precancerous lesions of HPV-independent vulvar squamous cell carcinoma: clinicopathologic consideration of an evolving spectrum","volume":"32","author":"Watkins","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Anat Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2026.01.015_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33198","article-title":"Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: incidence and long-term risk of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"148","author":"Thuijs","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2026.01.015_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6170","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13246170","article-title":"The vulvar cancer risk in differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Voss","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2026.01.015_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1097\/PGP.0000000000000280","article-title":"The natural history of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, differentiated type: evidence for progression and diagnostic challenges","volume":"35","author":"Bigby","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2026.01.015_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2015.0643","article-title":"Long-term management of adult vulvar lichen sclerosus: a prospective cohort study of 507 women","volume":"151","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2026.01.015_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0000000000000794","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors for recurrence and progression of HPV-independent vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia","volume":"28","author":"Voss","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Low Genit Tract Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2026.01.015_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14814","article-title":"Differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia long-term follow up and prognostic factors: an analysis of a large historical cohort","volume":"103","author":"Gallio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2026.01.015_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0000000000000569","article-title":"Clinicopathologic diagnosis of differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and vulvar aberrant maturation","volume":"24","author":"Day","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Low Genit Tract Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2026.01.015_bib30","article-title":"Correlation of histopathologic findings with clinical predictors of disease recurrence and progression to vulvar carcinoma in patients with differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN)","volume":"52","author":"Roberts","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2026.01.015_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0000000000000572","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and vulvar aberrant maturation","volume":"25","author":"Heller","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Low Genit Tract Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2026.01.015_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200003000-00013","article-title":"Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia of the simplex (differentiated) type: a clinicopathologic study including analysis of HPV and p53 expression","volume":"24","author":"Yang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2026.01.015_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-020-0524-1","article-title":"Major p53 immunohistochemical patterns in in situ and invasive squamous cell carcinomas of the vulva and correlation with TP53 mutation status","volume":"33","author":"Tessier-Cloutier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2026.01.015_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14040324","article-title":"Evaluation of immunohistochemical markers, CK17 and SOX2, as adjuncts to p53 for the diagnosis of differentiated Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia (dVIN)","volume":"14","author":"Dasgupta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2026.01.015_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1097\/PGP.0000000000000620","article-title":"HPV-independent vulvar squamous cell carcinoma is associated with significantly worse prognosis compared with HPV-associated tumors","volume":"39","author":"Allo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2026.01.015_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-022-01168-7","article-title":"Comment on HPV-independent, p53-wild-type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: a review of nomenclature and the journey to characterize acanthotic precursor lesions of the vulva. Parra-Herran C. et al Mod Pathol doi: 10.1038\/s41379-022-01079-7","volume":"35","author":"Bohl","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2026.01.015_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-022-01079-7","article-title":"HPV-independent, p53-wild-type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: a review of nomenclature and the journey to characterize verruciform and acanthotic precursor lesions of the vulva","volume":"35","author":"Parra-Herran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.det.2026.01.015_bib38","author":"Turashvili"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.det.2026.01.015_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1177\/10668969221137527","article-title":"Pagetoid squamous intraepithelial neoplasia of the vulva as a mimicker of vulvar extramammary paget disease: two cases with basal layer sparing","volume":"31","author":"Wong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Surg Pathol"}],"container-title":["Dermatologic Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S073386352600015X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S073386352600015X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T22:36:32Z","timestamp":1775514992000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S073386352600015X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S073386352600015X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.det.2026.01.015","relation":{},"ISSN":["0733-8635"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0733-8635","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Squamous Precursor Lesions of the Vulva","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Dermatologic Clinics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.det.2026.01.015","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}