{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T05:43:46Z","timestamp":1786599826609,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007873","name":"Gloucestershire County Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007873","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Disability and Health Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T03:51:23Z","timestamp":1611287483000},"page":"101064","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":168,"title":["The effects of COVID-19 restrictions on physical activity and mental health of children and young adults with physical and\/or intellectual disabilities"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Nicola","family":"Theis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0552-0545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie","family":"De Leeuw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Owen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1184-4802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kimberley C.","family":"Schenke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101064_bib1","article-title":"A\u00a0Tale of two pandemics: how will COVID-19 and global trends in physical inactivity and sedentary behavior affect one another?","volume":"20","author":"Hall","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101064_bib2","series-title":"Physical Activity and Young People","author":"World Health Organisation","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101064_bib3","article-title":"Mental health outcomes of quarantine and isolation for infection prevention: a systematic umbrella review of the global evidence","volume":"42","author":"Hossain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epidemiol Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101064_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04315","article-title":"The impact of physical activity on psychological health during COVID-19 pandemic in Italy","volume":"6","author":"Maugeri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101064_bib5","article-title":"Effects of home confinement on mental health and lifestyle behaviours during the COVID-19 outbreak: insight from the \"ECLB-COVID19\" multi countries survey","volume":"38","author":"Ammar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Sport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101064_bib6","article-title":"COVID-19, lockdown and (disability) sport","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2020","journal-title":"Manag Sport Leis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101064_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3109\/14038196.2011.556752","article-title":"Factors that affect exercise participation among people with physical disabilities","volume":"13","author":"Junker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv Physiother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101064_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjr.0000198923.80555.b7","article-title":"Long-term physical activity in leisure time, mortality from coronary heart disease, stroke, respiratory diseases, and cancer. The Copenhagen City Heart Study","volume":"13","author":"Schnohr","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101064_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980099000567","article-title":"The influence of physical activity on mental well-being","volume":"2","author":"Fox","year":"1999","journal-title":"Phys Health Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101064_bib10","article-title":"Physical activity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): specific recommendations for home-based physical training","author":"Hammami","year":"2020","journal-title":"Manag Sport Leis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101064_bib11","first-page":"364","article-title":"Athletic identity and sports participation in people with spinal cord injury","volume":"21","author":"Tasiemski","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adapt Phys Act Q (APAQ)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101064_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1097\/01.phm.0000171172.96290.67","article-title":"Perceived barriers to exercise in people with spinal cord injury","volume":"84","author":"Scelza","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101064_bib13","series-title":"Annual Disability and Activity Survey 2019\/20 Activity Alliance Research Briefing","author":"Activity Alliance","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101064_bib14","article-title":"Adapted physical activity through COVID-19","volume":"13","author":"Kwok","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Adapt Phys Activ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101064_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1002\/hpja.333","article-title":"COVID-19: vulnerability and the power of privilege in a pandemic","volume":"31","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Promot J Aust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101064_bib16","article-title":"Factors predicting physical activity among children with special needs","volume":"10","author":"Yazdini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101064_bib17","article-title":"The context of measuring disability: does it matter whether capability or performance is measured?","volume":"49","author":"Young","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101064_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e3181985068","article-title":"Strengths and Difficulties questionnaire as a dimensional measure of child mental health","volume":"48","author":"Goodman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101064_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1077558705285298","article-title":"Self-reported utilization of health care services: improving measurement and accuracy","volume":"63","author":"Bhandari","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Care Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101064_bib20","article-title":"Rethinking validity and reliability in content analysis","volume":"27","author":"Potter","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Commun Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101064_bib21","first-page":"2622","article-title":"Data analysis methods for qualitative research: managing the challenges of coding, interrater reliability, and thematic analysis","volume":"23","author":"Belotto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Qual Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101064_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X1801800205","article-title":"Content analysis: frequency distribution of words","volume":"18","author":"Dicle","year":"2018","journal-title":"STATA J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101064_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1177\/1012690212465736","article-title":"Sports review: a content analysis of the international review for the sociology of sport, the journal of sport and social issues and the sociology of sport journal across 25 years","volume":"49","author":"Dart","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Rev Sociol Sport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101064_bib24","first-page":"10478","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review of review articles addressing factors related to physical activity participation among children and adults with physical disabilities","author":"Ginis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Health Psychol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101064_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-018-0380-1","article-title":"Sedentary behaviour and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality, and incident type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose response meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Patterson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101064_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21134\/rpcna.2020.mon.2049","article-title":"Psychological effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on children and families in the UK","volume":"7","author":"Morg\u00fcl","year":"2020","journal-title":"Revista de Psicolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica con Ni\u00f1os y Adolescentes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101064_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-016824","article-title":"Well-being of parents and children during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national survey","volume":"146","author":"Patrick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101064_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/15017419.2013.787369","article-title":"Participation in physical acitivty and the everyday life of people with physical disabilities: a review of the literature","volume":"17","author":"Kissow","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand J Disabil Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101064_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2009.87","article-title":"Physical activity and subjective well-being among people with spinal cord injury: a meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"Ginis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101064_bib30","article-title":"Psychological well-being in wheelchair sport participants and no-participants","volume":"11","author":"Campwell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Adapt Phys Act Q (APAQ)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101064_bib31","article-title":"Women\u2019s resistance and empowerment through wheelchair sport","volume":"43","author":"Ashton-Shaeffer","year":"2001","journal-title":"World Leis J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101064_bib32","article-title":"Leaving the disability ghetto: a qualitative study of factors underlying achievement motivation among athletes with disabilities","volume":"25","author":"Page","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sport Soc Issues"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101064_bib33","article-title":"Focus on mental health during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic: applying learnings from the past outbreaks","volume":"12","author":"Shah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"}],"container-title":["Disability and Health Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1936657421000054?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1936657421000054?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T17:33:39Z","timestamp":1761845619000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1936657421000054"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1936657421000054"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101064","relation":{},"ISSN":["1936-6574"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1936-6574","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The effects of COVID-19 restrictions on physical activity and mental health of children and young adults with physical and\/or intellectual disabilities","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Disability and Health Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101064","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101064"}}