{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T17:29:12Z","timestamp":1786987752086,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Disability and Health Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T15:38:41Z","timestamp":1619019521000},"page":"101110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Indicators of poor mental health and stressors during the COVID-19 pandemic, by disability status: A cross-sectional analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Catherine A.","family":"Okoro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tara W.","family":"Strine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lela","family":"McKnight-Eily","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Verlenden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"NaTasha D.","family":"Hollis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6732a3","article-title":"Prevalence of disabilities and health care access by disability status and type Among adults - United States, 2016","volume":"67","author":"Okoro","year":"2018","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020321","article-title":"The psychosocial impact of Hurricane Katrina on persons with disabilities and independent living center staff living on the American Gulf Coast","volume":"55","author":"Fox","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rehabil Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2017.44","article-title":"Vulnerability of older adults in disasters: emergency department utilization by geriatric patients after hurricane sandy","volume":"12","author":"Malik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Disaster Med Public Health Prep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0244530","article-title":"Depression, anxiety symptoms, Insomnia, and coping during the COVID-19 pandemic period among individuals living with disabilities in Ethiopia, 2020","volume":"15","author":"Necho","year":"2020","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6936a2","article-title":"Frequent mental distress among adults by disability status, disability type, and selected characteristics \u2014 United States, 2018","volume":"69","author":"Cree","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2010.01.008","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms among United States adults with disabilities using assistive technology","volume":"50","author":"Okoro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.94.3.443","article-title":"Prevalence of secondary conditions among people with disabilities","volume":"94","author":"Kinne","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Publ Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2008.59.12.1383","article-title":"Depression and anxiety in the United States: findings from the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System","volume":"59","author":"Strine","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2011.00637.x","article-title":"The association between depression and anxiety and use of oral health services and tooth loss","volume":"40","author":"Okoro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2222","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-0158","article-title":"Depression, self-care, and medication adherence in type 2 diabetes: relationships across the full range of symptom severity","volume":"30","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2008.03.011","article-title":"Do secondary conditions explain the relationship between depression and health care cost in women with physical disabilities?","volume":"89","author":"Morgan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib12","first-page":"437","article-title":"Anxiety, depression, and quality of life in primary care patients","volume":"9","author":"Brenes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2020.100943","article-title":"The public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic for people with disabilities","author":"Boyle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Disabil Health J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6913e2","article-title":"Preliminary estimates of the prevalence of selected underlying health conditions among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 - United States, February 12-March 28, 2020","volume":"69","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6924e2","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 case surveillance - United States, January 22-May 30, 2020","volume":"69","author":"Stokes","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130251","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd11.130251","article-title":"Disability status as an antecedent to chronic conditions: National Health Interview Survey, 2006-2012","volume":"11","author":"Dixon-Ibarra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib17","series-title":"Disability and Health Data System (DHDS)","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6913e1","article-title":"Asymptomatic and presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections in residents of a long-term care skilled nursing facility - King County, Washington, March 2020","volume":"69","author":"Kimball","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib19","series-title":"Health Care of Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in a Time of COVID-19","author":"Grier","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib20","series-title":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Preventing Getting Sick","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib21","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib22","series-title":"COVID-19 & Adults with Disabilities: Health and Health Care Access- Comparative Analysis of Online Survey Results by Type of Disability","author":"Drum","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib23","series-title":"When it comes to rationing, disability rights law prohibits more than prejudice","author":"Ne\u2019eman","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib24","series-title":"Bulletin: Civil Rights, HIPAA, and the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib25","series-title":"OCR Reaches Early Case Resolution with Alabama after it Removes Discriminatory Ventilator Triaging Guidelines","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6928e3","article-title":"Factors associated with cloth face covering use among adults during the COVID-19 pandemic \u2014 United States, April and May 2020","volume":"69","author":"Fisher","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7005a3","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in the prevalence of stress and worry, mental health conditions, and increased substance use among adults during the COVID-19 pandemic \u2014 United States, April and May 2020","volume":"70","author":"McKnight-Eily","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/2053168018822174","article-title":"Validating the demographic, political, psychological, and experimental results obtained from a new source of online survey respondents","volume":"6","author":"Coppock","year":"2019","journal-title":"Research & Politics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib29","series-title":"Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF)","author":"International","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.06.026","article-title":"The PHQ-8 as a measure of current depression in the general population","volume":"114","author":"Kroenke","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib31","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual \u2013 Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR)","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib32","article-title":"Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-011-0253-9","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of depression prevalence estimates measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire with two administration modes: computer-assisted telephone interviewing versus computer-assisted personal interviewing","volume":"57","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Publ Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib34","first-page":"1353","article-title":"Depressive and anxiety symptoms in older adults with auditory, vision, and dual sensory impairment","volume":"31","author":"Simning","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Aging Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1521\/suli.2009.39.4.440","article-title":"Physical disability and suicidal ideation: a community-based study of risk\/protective factors for suicidal thoughts","volume":"39","author":"Russell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Suicide Life-Threatening Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2009.09.001","article-title":"Understanding suicide and disability through three major disabling conditions: intellectual disability, spinal cord injury, and multiple sclerosis","volume":"3","author":"Giannini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Disabil Health J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.06.024","article-title":"Depressive symptoms and suicidality among individuals with epilepsy enrolled in self-management studies: results from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Managing Epilepsy Well (MEW) Network","volume":"87","author":"Friedman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3489","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-019-04345-x","article-title":"Suicidal ideation and self-inflicted injury in Medicare enrolled autistic adults with and without co-occurring intellectual disability","volume":"50","author":"Hand","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.3109\/09638280903514721","article-title":"Substance abuse and psychosocial adaptation to physical disability: analysis of the literature and future directions","volume":"32","author":"Smedema","year":"2010","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2013.01.007","article-title":"Recent trends in substance abuse among persons with disabilities compared to that of persons without disabilities","volume":"6","author":"Glazier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Disabil Health J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6936a4","article-title":"Delay or avoidance of medical care because of COVID-19\u2013related concerns \u2014 United States, June 2020","volume":"69","author":"Czeisler","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2015.03.017","article-title":"The association between disability and intimate partner violence in the United States","volume":"25","author":"Breiding","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2015.303004","article-title":"Disability and risk of recent sexual violence in the United States","volume":"106","author":"Basile","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Publ Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6932a1","article-title":"Mental health, substance use, and suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic \u2014 United States, June 24\u201330, 2020","volume":"69","author":"Czeisler","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1037\/rep0000347","article-title":"Interpersonal violence against people with disabilities: additional concerns and considerations in the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"65","author":"Lund","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rehabil Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000660","article-title":"Risk and resilience in family well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"75","author":"Prime","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igx020","article-title":"Aging and disability among Hispanics in the United States: current knowledge and future directions","volume":"1","author":"Garcia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Innov Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib48","series-title":"Mental Health","author":"CDC","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib49","series-title":"US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening and behavioral counseling interventions to reduce unhealthy alcohol use in adolescents and adults","first-page":"1899","volume":"320","author":"Curry","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4308-6","article-title":"Social relationships, mental health and wellbeing in physical disability: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Tough","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Publ Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib51","series-title":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Support for People Experiencing Abuse","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1037\/ser0000239","article-title":"Efficacy of synchronous telepsychology interventions for people with anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and adjustment disorder: a rapid evidence assessment","volume":"16","author":"Varker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol Serv"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2020.100973","article-title":"Telemedicine barriers and challenges for persons with disabilities: COVID-19 and beyond","volume":"13","author":"Annaswamy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Disabil Health J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110_bib54","series-title":"Disability and Health Emergency Preparedness","article-title":"National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["Disability and Health Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S193665742100056X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S193665742100056X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T17:34:08Z","timestamp":1761845648000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S193665742100056X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S193665742100056X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110","relation":{},"ISSN":["1936-6574"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1936-6574","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Indicators of poor mental health and stressors during the COVID-19 pandemic, by disability status: A cross-sectional analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Disability and Health Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101110","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101110"}}