{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T12:57:29Z","timestamp":1781009849250,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP23K19924"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23K19924"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Disability and Health Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2025.102012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T07:58:50Z","timestamp":1764143930000},"page":"102012","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Physical fitness of adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities in special support schools: Insights from Japan's 2023 national survey"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2100-9367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroki","family":"Sato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshihiro","family":"Akisue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akio","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kumiko","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryoko","family":"Tonogaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Nagao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2025.102012_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12142","article-title":"Development of physical fitness in children with intellectual disabilities","volume":"59","author":"Hartman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Intellect Disabil Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2025.102012_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2542","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2019.1573932","article-title":"Physical fitness of children and adolescents with moderate to severe intellectual disabilities","volume":"42","author":"Wouters","year":"2020","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2025.102012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3148.2012.00659.x","article-title":"Physical fitness and fatness in adolescents with intellectual disabilities","volume":"25","author":"Salaun","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Appl Res Intellect Disabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2025.102012_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1352\/1934-9556-49.2.59","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic health conditions in children with intellectual disability: a systematic literature review","volume":"49","author":"Oeseburg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Intellect Dev Disabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2025.102012_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1159\/000101355","article-title":"Who are the eurofittest?","volume":"50","author":"Tomkinson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Sport Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2025.102012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-098253","article-title":"European normative values for physical fitness in children and adolescents aged 9-17 years: results from 2 779 165 eurofit performances representing 30 countries","volume":"52","author":"Tomkinson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2025.102012_bib7","article-title":"The Youth Fitness International Test (YFIT) battery for monitoring and surveillance among children and adolescents: a modified Delphi consensus project with 169 experts from 50 countries and territories","volume":"14","author":"Ortega","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Sport Health Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2025.102012_bib8","first-page":"3","article-title":"Trends in physical fitness among Canadian children and youth","volume":"30","author":"Colley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2025.102012_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1359701","article-title":"Temporal changes in the physical fitness of Chinese adolescents aged 13-18 years: an analysis of eight national successive surveys over three decades","volume":"12","author":"Ruan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2025.102012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/17.2.147","article-title":"The educational experiments of school health promotion for the youth in Japan: analysis of the 'sport test' over the past 34 years","volume":"17","author":"Shingo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Health Promot Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2025.102012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1467-789X.2002.00065.x","article-title":"Asians are different from Caucasians and from each other in their body mass index\/body fat per cent relationship","volume":"3","author":"Deurenberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2025.102012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011131","article-title":"Cross-sectional study of ethnic differences in physical fitness among children of South Asian, black African-Caribbean and white European origin: the Child Heart and Health Study in England (CHASE)","volume":"6","author":"Nightingale","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2025.102012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12840","article-title":"Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities in China","volume":"65","author":"Yuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Intellect Disabil Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2025.102012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2015.12.003","article-title":"Intellectual disability is associated with increased risk for obesity in a nationally representative sample of U.S. children","volume":"9","author":"Segal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Disabil Health J"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2025.102012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1080\/17477160801896366","article-title":"Fitness, fatness and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in children from Denmark, Estonia and Portugal: the European youth heart study","volume":"3","author":"Andersen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Obes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2025.102012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1097\/HJR.0b013e32808c67e3","article-title":"Cardiorespiratory fitness relates more strongly than physical activity to cardiovascular disease risk factors in healthy children and adolescents: the european Youth Heart study","volume":"14","author":"Hurtig-Wennl\u00f6f","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2025.102012_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-020-01782-9","article-title":"Individual and combined associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and grip strength with common mental disorders: a prospective cohort study in the UK biobank","volume":"18","author":"Kandola","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2025.102012_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00428958","article-title":"A maximal multistage 20-m shuttle run test to predict VO2 max","volume":"49","author":"L\u00e9ger","year":"1982","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2025.102012_bib19","series-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2025.102012_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2012.244","article-title":"Investigation of the freely available easy-to-use software \u2018EZR\u2019 for medical statistics","volume":"48","author":"Kanda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2025.102012_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012","article-title":"A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research","volume":"15","author":"Koo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Chiropr Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2025.102012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2016.12.016","article-title":"Systematic review of field-based physical fitness tests for children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities","volume":"61","author":"Wouters","year":"2017","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2025.102012_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12756","article-title":"Feasibility and reliability of the assessing levels of physical activity health-related fitness test battery in adults with intellectual disabilities","volume":"64","author":"Cabeza-Ruiz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Intellect Disabil Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2025.102012_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2020.100886","article-title":"Feasibility and reliability of a physical fitness tests battery for adults with intellectual disabilities: the SAMU DIS-FIT battery","volume":"13","author":"Alc\u00e1ntara-Cordero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Disabil Health J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2025.102012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410500457109","article-title":"Agility literature review: classifications, training and testing","volume":"24","author":"Sheppard","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2025.102012_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2012.07.008","article-title":"Adolescents with intellectual disability have reduced postural balance and muscle performance in trunk and lower limbs compared to peers without intellectual disability","volume":"34","author":"Blomqvist","year":"2013","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2025.102012_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12308","article-title":"Is developmental coordination disorder a fundamental cause of inactivity and poor health-related fitness in children?","volume":"55","author":"Cairney","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2025.102012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2010.06.002","article-title":"The ESSENCE in child psychiatry: early symptomatic syndromes eliciting neurodevelopmental clinical examinations","volume":"31","author":"Gillberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2025.102012_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.4278\/ajhp.070930103","article-title":"The benefits of physical activity for youth with developmental disabilities: a systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Johnson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Health Promot"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2025.102012_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1080\/17518420701688649","article-title":"Physical activity for youth with disabilities: a critical need in an underserved population","volume":"11","author":"Rimmer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dev Neurorehabilit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2025.102012_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3148.2011.00668.x","article-title":"Efficacy of a peer-guided exercise programme for adolescents with intellectual disability","volume":"25","author":"Stanish","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Appl Res Intellect Disabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2025.102012_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12467","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions to increase physical activity in children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities","volume":"62","author":"McGarty","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Intellect Disabil Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2025.102012_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2018-0675","article-title":"Effects of physical activity on the physical and psychosocial health of youth with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Kapsal","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Phys Activ Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2025.102012_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2016.05.016","article-title":"Physical activity during school and after school among youth with and without intellectual disability","volume":"56","author":"Einarsson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2025.102012_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2015.09.005","article-title":"The physical activity patterns of adolescents with intellectual disabilities: a descriptive study","volume":"9","author":"Queralt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Disabil Health J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2025.102012_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2012.10.004","article-title":"Children and adolescents with Down syndrome, physical fitness and physical activity","volume":"2","author":"Pitetti","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Sport Health Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2025.102012_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1904","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.893377","article-title":"Delays in motor development in children with Down syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Malak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"}],"container-title":["Disability and Health Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1936657425002419?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1936657425002419?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T11:58:09Z","timestamp":1781006289000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1936657425002419"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1936657425002419"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dhjo.2025.102012","relation":{},"ISSN":["1936-6574"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1936-6574","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Physical fitness of adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities in special support schools: Insights from Japan's 2023 national survey","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Disability and Health Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dhjo.2025.102012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102012"}}