{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T22:43:14Z","timestamp":1785537794868,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Disability and Health Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T06:52:53Z","timestamp":1785394373000},"page":"102134","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The impact of a 12-month randomized exercise intervention on cognitive function and brain volume in adults with down syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1705-1643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren T.","family":"Ptomey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Aschenbrenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Helsel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Bodde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julianne G.","family":"Clina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica C.","family":"Danon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Lepping","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura E.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morgan","family":"Brucks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph R.","family":"Sherman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel E.","family":"Forsha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Washburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph E.","family":"Donnelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134_bib1","series-title":"Definition: Intellectual Disability","year":"2014"},{"issue":"10242","key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30689-9","article-title":"Clinical and biomarker changes of Alzheimer's disease in adults with Down syndrome: a cross-sectional study","volume":"395","author":"Fortea","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.12910","article-title":"Association of Alzheimer disease with life expectancy in people with Down syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Iulita","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"10452","key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01296-0","article-title":"Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the <em>Lancet<\/em> standing commission","volume":"404","author":"Livingston","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-180768","article-title":"Midlife physical activity, psychological distress, and dementia risk: the HUNT study","volume":"66","author":"Zotcheva","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134_bib6","article-title":"A review of the effects of physical activity and exercise on cognitive and brain functions in older adults","volume":"2013","author":"Bherer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of aging research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.07.016","article-title":"Physical activity and cognitive and imaging biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome","volume":"107","author":"Fleming","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10091882","article-title":"The association between physical activity and CAMDEX-DS changes prior to the onset of Alzheimer's disease in Down Syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Pape","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096587","article-title":"Exercise interventions for cognitive function in adults older than 50: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Northey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-020-0851-8","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis investigating moderators of long-term effects of exercise on cognition in healthy individuals","volume":"4","author":"Ludyga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.12923","article-title":"Structured vs self-guided multidomain lifestyle interventions for global cognitive function: the US POINTER randomized clinical trial","author":"Baker","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.660181","article-title":"Effects of aerobic exercise training on systemic biomarkers and cognition in late middle-aged adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"12","author":"Gait\u00e1n","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2020.101108","article-title":"Exercise benefits on Alzheimer's disease: State-of-the-science","volume":"62","author":"Valenzuela","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12258","article-title":"Dose\u2013response relationship between intensity of exercise and cognitive performance in individuals with Down syndrome: a preliminary study","volume":"60","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Intellect Disabil Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12603","article-title":"The effect of acute exercise on the performance of verbal fluency in adolescents and young adults with Down syndrome: a pilot study","volume":"63","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Intellect Disabil Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12163","article-title":"The association between a single bout of moderate physical activity and executive function in young adults with Down syndrome: a preliminary study","volume":"59","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Intellect Disabil Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2018.02.003","article-title":"Changes in cognitive function after a 12-week exercise intervention in adults with Down syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Ptomey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Disability and Health Journal"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12979","article-title":"A 12-week exercise programme has a positive effect on everyday executive function in young people with Down syndrome: a pilot non-randomised controlled trial","volume":"66","author":"Shields","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Intellect Disabil Res"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7121","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20237121","article-title":"Impact of prescribed exercise on the physical and cognitive health of adults with Down syndrome: the MinDSets study","volume":"20","author":"Merzbach","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Publ Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2020.100607","article-title":"The promotion of physical activity for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease in adults with Down Syndrome: rationale and design for a 12 month randomized trial","volume":"19","author":"Ptomey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Contemporary clinical trials communications"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134_bib21","article-title":"The promotion of physical activity for use in Alzheimer's disease prevention trials in adults with Down syndrome: results from a 12-month randomized trial","volume":"11","author":"Ptomey","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Dement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.024984","article-title":"Dementia screening questionnaire for individuals with intellectual disabilities","volume":"190","author":"Deb","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatr : J Ment Sci"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.14854","article-title":"The physical activity guidelines for Americans","volume":"320","author":"Piercy","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318213fefb","article-title":"American college of sports medicine position stand. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise","volume":"43","author":"Garber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134_bib25","first-page":"37","article-title":"CANTAB object recognition and language tests to detect aging cognitive decline: an exploratory comparative study","volume":"10","author":"Soares","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-15-202","article-title":"Toward onset prevention of cognitive decline in adults with Down syndrome (the TOP-COG study): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"Cooper","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2007.01.011","article-title":"Automated Neuropsychological Test Battery (CANTAB) in mild cognitive impairment and in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"31","author":"\u00c9gerh\u00e1zi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog Neuro Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104416","article-title":"Cognitive flexibility assessment in youth with Down syndrome: reliability, practice effects, and validity","volume":"133","author":"Schworer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2009.05.003","article-title":"A longitudinal study of gray matter volume decline with age and modifying factors","volume":"32","author":"Taki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.70089","article-title":"Grey\u2010Matter structure markers of Alzheimer's Disease, alzheimer's conversion, functioning and cognition: a meta\u2010analysis across 11 cohorts","volume":"46","author":"Couvy\u2010Duchesne","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2013.15.1\/kerickson","article-title":"Physical activity and brain plasticity in late adulthood","volume":"15","author":"Erickson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.02.015","article-title":"Poorer physical fitness is associated with reduced structural brain integrity in heart failure","volume":"328","author":"Alosco","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.03.034","article-title":"Physical activity, fitness, and gray matter volume","volume":"35","author":"Erickson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.4.484","article-title":"Rates of hippocampal atrophy correlate with change in clinical status in aging and AD","volume":"55","author":"Jack","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2016.08.016","article-title":"Differential association of left and right hippocampal volumes with verbal episodic and spatial memory in older adults","volume":"93","author":"Ezzati","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.11.007","article-title":"Effect of aerobic exercise on hippocampal volume in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"166","author":"Firth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2017.05.019","article-title":"Cognitive decline and brain amyloid-\u03b2 accumulation across 3 years in adults with Down syndrome","volume":"58","author":"Hartley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70151","article-title":"Resistance and resilience to Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Boyle","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Dement"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.1989.tb01467.x","article-title":"Neuropsychological evaluation of adults with Down's syndrome: patterns of selective impairment in non\u2010demented old adults","volume":"33","author":"Haxby","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Intellect Disabil Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134_bib40","article-title":"A modified cued recall test for detecting prodromal AD in adults with Down syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Krinsky\u2010McHale","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Dement: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring"}],"container-title":["Disability and Health Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1936657426001111?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1936657426001111?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T20:08:27Z","timestamp":1785528507000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1936657426001111"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S1936657426001111"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134","relation":{},"ISSN":["1936-6574"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1936-6574","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The impact of a 12-month randomized exercise intervention on cognitive function and brain volume in adults with down syndrome","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Disability and Health Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dhjo.2026.102134","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102134"}}