{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T15:37:20Z","timestamp":1789141040394,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes & Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]],"date-time":"2019-02-27T05:30:05Z","timestamp":1551245405000},"page":"1-7","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Links between aldosterone excess and metabolic complications: A comprehensive review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Bothou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Beuschlein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Spyroglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.106.086116","article-title":"Is there an unrecognized epidemic of primary aldosteronism? Pro","volume":"50","author":"Calhoun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-17-0978","article-title":"Primary aldosteronism: key characteristics at diagnosis: a trend toward milder forms","volume":"178","author":"Heinrich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2010.08.005","article-title":"Aldosterone: a cardiovascular risk factor?","volume":"1802","author":"Funder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0020","first-page":"3","article-title":"Presidential address. I. Painting background. II. Primary aldosteronism, a new clinical syndrome","volume":"45","author":"Conn","year":"1955","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196511182732106","article-title":"Hypertension, the potassium ion and impaired carbohydrate tolerance","volume":"273","author":"Conn","year":"1965","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(64)90252-1","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics of Primary Aldosteronism from an analysis of 145 cases","volume":"107","author":"Conn","year":"1964","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.5.6.443","article-title":"Primary aldosteronism and its relationship to diabetes mellitus","volume":"5","author":"McCullagh","year":"1956","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-11-200906020-00005","article-title":"Narrative review: the emerging clinical implications of the role of aldosterone in the metabolic syndrome and resistant hypertension","volume":"150","author":"Sowers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-007-0019-1","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome in primary aldosteronism","volume":"9","author":"Fallo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61794-3","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome","volume":"375","author":"Eckel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2010.44","article-title":"Associations of the -344 T&C and the 3097 G&A polymorphisms of CYP11B2 gene with hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome in a French population","volume":"23","author":"Bellili","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13219","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.221467098","article-title":"Genetic variation in aldosterone synthase predicts plasma glucose levels","volume":"98","author":"Ranade","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjhyper.2006.07.012","article-title":"-344C\/T Variant in the promoter of the aldosterone synthase gene (CYP11B2) is associated with metabolic syndrome in men","volume":"20","author":"Russo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2009.173344","article-title":"Aldosterone status associated with insulin resistance in patients with heart failure--data from the ALOFT study","volume":"95","author":"Freel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1999.tb00418.x","article-title":"Visceral obesity and insulin resistance are associated with plasma aldosterone levels in women","volume":"7","author":"Goodfriend","year":"1999","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000253258.36141.c7","article-title":"Association of adrenal steroids with hypertension and the metabolic syndrome in blacks","volume":"49","author":"Kidambi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7176.2009.00084.x","article-title":"Hypertension, insulin resistance, and aldosterone: sex-specific relationships","volume":"11","author":"Kidambi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-0525","article-title":"Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia are related to plasma aldosterone levels in hypertensive patients","volume":"30","author":"Colussi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e3280108e6f","article-title":"Aldosterone as a key mediator of the cardiometabolic syndrome in primary aldosteronism: an observational study","volume":"25","author":"Giacchetti","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0100","first-page":"21","article-title":"Insulin action in primary hyperaldosteronism before and after surgical or pharmacological treatment","volume":"108","author":"Sindelka","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.930000.49.241","article-title":"Impaired insulin action in primary hyperaldosteronism","volume":"49","author":"Widimsk\u00fd","year":"2000","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.930123","article-title":"Can primary hyperaldosteronism be considered as a specific form of diabetes mellitus?","volume":"50","author":"Widimsk\u00fd","year":"2001","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3457","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0736","article-title":"Insulin sensitivity in patients with primary aldosteronism: a follow-up study","volume":"91","author":"Catena","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1994.tb02573.x","article-title":"Increased insulin sensitivity in patients with aldosterone-producing adenoma","volume":"41","author":"Ishimori","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2513","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3934","article-title":"Aldosterone excess impairs first phase insulin secretion in primary aldosteronism","volume":"98","author":"Fischer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.180521","article-title":"Plasma aldosterone levels and development of insulin resistance: prospective study in a general population","volume":"58","author":"Kumagai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000001361","article-title":"Risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus in primary aldosteronism: a population study over 5 years","volume":"35","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.930298","article-title":"Does the treatment of primary hyperaldosteronism influence glucose tolerance?","volume":"52","author":"Strauch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI67166","article-title":"Insulin resistance in the vasculature","volume":"123","author":"Mather","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.113.302854","article-title":"Aldosterone promotes vascular remodeling by direct effects on smooth muscle cell mineralocorticoid receptors","volume":"34","author":"Pruthi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.2337\/db12-0905","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid receptor-mediated vascular insulin resistance: an early contributor to diabetes-related vascular disease?","volume":"62","author":"Bender","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.093955","article-title":"Aldosterone suppresses insulin signaling via the downregulation of insulin receptor substrate-1 in vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"50","author":"Hitomi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.111.240697","article-title":"Aldosterone induces vascular insulin resistance by increasing insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and hybrid receptor","volume":"32","author":"Sherajee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-009-1313-z","article-title":"The vascular actions of insulin control its delivery to muscle and regulate the rate-limiting step in skeletal muscle insulin action","volume":"52","author":"Barrett","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2009.06.030","article-title":"Impact of excess aldosterone on glucose homeostasis in adult male rat","volume":"407","author":"Selvaraj","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-012-1452-2","article-title":"Excess aldosterone-induced changes in insulin signaling molecules and glucose oxidation in gastrocnemius muscle of adult male rat","volume":"372","author":"Selvaraj","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2013.10.051","article-title":"Aldosterone aggravates glucose intolerance induced by high fructose","volume":"720","author":"Sherajee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E110","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00258.2007","article-title":"Low-dose spironolactone reduces reactive oxygen species generation and improves insulin-stimulated glucose transport in skeletal muscle in the TG(mRen2)27 rat","volume":"295","author":"Lastra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-1018","article-title":"Aldosterone inhibits insulin-induced glucose uptake by degradation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) 1 and IRS2 via a reactive oxygen species-mediated pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes","volume":"150","author":"Wada","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1277226","article-title":"Aldosterone perturbs adiponectin and PAI-1 expression and secretion in 3T3-L1 adipocytes","volume":"43","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-7970com","article-title":"Pivotal role of the mineralocorticoid receptor in corticosteroid-induced adipogenesis","volume":"21","author":"Caprio","year":"2007","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvp191","article-title":"Blockade of mineralocorticoid receptor reverses adipocyte dysfunction and insulin resistance in obese mice","volume":"84","author":"Hirata","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2012.02.007","article-title":"Genes implicated in insulin resistance are down-regulated in primary aldosteronism patients","volume":"355","author":"Williams","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjhyper.2007.03.012","article-title":"Adiponectin and insulin sensitivity in primary aldosteronism","volume":"20","author":"Fallo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4037","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0097","article-title":"Analysis of insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue of patients with primary aldosteronism","volume":"95","author":"Urbanet","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.02.065","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid receptor is involved in the regulation of genes responsible for hepatic glucose production","volume":"342","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.51.243","article-title":"Aldosterone stimulates gene expression of hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes through the glucocorticoid receptor in a manner independent of the protein kinase B cascade","volume":"51","author":"Yamashita","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0240","article-title":"Insulin Resistance and NAFLD: A Dangerous Liaison beyond the Genetics","volume":"4","author":"Manco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e328360554a","article-title":"The effects of aldosterone on diet-induced fatty liver formation in male C57BL\/6 mice: comparison of adrenalectomy and mineralocorticoid receptor blocker","volume":"25","author":"Gamliel-Lazarovich","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2009.206","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in primary aldosteronism: a pilot study","volume":"23","author":"Fallo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0255","first-page":"407","article-title":"Selective aldosterone blocker ameliorates the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats","volume":"26","author":"Noguchi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1415","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00419.2013","article-title":"Eplerenone ameliorates the phenotypes of metabolic syndrome with NASH in liver-specific SREBP-1c Tg mice fed high-fat and high-fructose diet","volume":"305","author":"Wada","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R211","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.91000.2008","article-title":"The heme oxygenase system attenuates pancreatic lesions and improves insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in deoxycorticosterone acetate hypertension","volume":"298","author":"Ndisang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2158-9","article-title":"Aldosterone decreases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vivo in mice and in murine islets","volume":"54","author":"Luther","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00456122","article-title":"Effect of adrenal steroids on insulin release from cultured rat islets of Langerhans","volume":"29","author":"Pierluissi","year":"1986","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13215","DOI":"10.1038\/srep13215","article-title":"Aldosterone induces clonal \u03b2-cell failure through glucocorticoid receptor","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e3282861fa4","article-title":"A possible association between primary aldosteronism and a lower beta-cell function","volume":"25","author":"Mosso","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0290","first-page":"755","article-title":"Does insulin resistance participate in an impaired glucose tolerance in primary aldosteronism?","volume":"8","author":"Shimamoto","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.37.3.845","article-title":"Arterial pressure, left ventricular mass, and aldosterone in essential hypertension","volume":"37","author":"El-Gharbawy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-3278(99)80020-9","article-title":"Plasma aldosterone, plasma lipoproteins, obesity and insulin resistance in humans","volume":"60","author":"Goodfriend","year":"1999","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000154361.47683.d3","article-title":"Weight loss and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system","volume":"45","author":"Engeli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12083","article-title":"Increased urinary aldosterone excretion is associated with subcutaneous not visceral, adipose tissue area in obese individuals: a possible manifestation of dysfunctional subcutaneous adipose tissue","volume":"79","author":"Harada","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2011.173","article-title":"Sympathetic nervous system in obesity-related hypertension: mechanisms and clinical implications","volume":"35","author":"Kalil","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14211","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2336140100","article-title":"Human adipocytes secrete mineralocorticoid-releasing factors","volume":"100","author":"Ehrhart-Bornstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.07-9412com","article-title":"A novel adipokine CTRP1 stimulates aldosterone production","volume":"22","author":"Jeon","year":"2008","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2134","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018226","article-title":"Adipocyte-Derived Hormone Leptin Is a Direct Regulator of Aldosterone Secretion, Which Promotes Endothelial Dysfunction and Cardiac Fibrosis","volume":"132","author":"Huby","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2204","article-title":"Adipokines and cardiometabolic profile in primary hyperaldosteronism","volume":"95","author":"Iacobellis","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.5.1271","article-title":"Effects of dietary monosaccharides on sympathetic nervous system activity in adipose tissues of male rats","volume":"53","author":"Young","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3438","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2006080944","article-title":"Enhanced aldosterone signaling in the early nephropathy of rats with metabolic syndrome: possible contribution of fat-derived factors","volume":"17","author":"Nagase","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06642","article-title":"Leptin induces hypertension and endothelial dysfunction via aldosterone-dependent mechanisms in obese female mice","volume":"67","author":"Huby","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1997.6245","article-title":"Localization of leptin receptor mRNA splice variants in murine peripheral tissues by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization","volume":"232","author":"Hoggard","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0360","first-page":"4459","article-title":"Expression of Ob receptor in normal human adrenals: differential regulation of adrenocortical and adrenomedullary function by leptin","volume":"83","author":"Glasow","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2003.09.010","article-title":"Effects of leptin and leptin fragments on steroid secretion of freshly dispersed rat adrenocortical cells","volume":"87","author":"Malendowicz","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4456","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-00866","article-title":"Obesity as a key factor underlying idiopathic hyperaldosteronism","volume":"103","author":"Ohno","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.190223","article-title":"Adipocytes produce aldosterone through calcineurin-dependent signaling pathways: implications in diabetes mellitus-associated obesity and vascular dysfunction","volume":"59","author":"Briones","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000231338.41548.fc","article-title":"Plasma aldosterone is independently associated with the metabolic syndrome","volume":"48","author":"Bochud","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.25.1.30","article-title":"Relationships among plasma aldosterone, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and insulin in humans","volume":"25","author":"Goodfriend","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4128174","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4128174","article-title":"Physiological Aldosterone concentrations are associated with alterations of lipid metabolism: Observations from the general population","volume":"2018","author":"Hannich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-016-0983-9","article-title":"Worsening of lipid metabolism after successful treatment of primary aldosteronism","volume":"54","author":"Adolf","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.93136","article-title":"Steroid metabolome analysis reveals prevalent glucocorticoid excess in primary aldosteronism","volume":"2","author":"Arlt","year":"2017","journal-title":"JCI insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2548","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000001550","article-title":"The impact of Connshing\u2019s syndrome - mild cortisol excess in primary aldosteronism drives diabetes risk","volume":"35","author":"Beuschlein","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2014.29.4.457","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics and Metabolic Features of Patients with Adrenal Incidentalomas with or without Subclinical Cushing\u2019s Syndrome","volume":"29","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Diabetes & Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1262363619300308?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1262363619300308?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T10:56:05Z","timestamp":1761130565000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1262363619300308"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1262363619300308"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1262-3636"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1262-3636","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Links between aldosterone excess and metabolic complications: A comprehensive review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Diabetes & Metabolism","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}