{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T03:57:11Z","timestamp":1793678231075,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]],"date-time":"2014-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesresearchclinicalpractice.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,21]],"date-time":"2014-02-21T03:02:45Z","timestamp":1392951765000},"page":"248-256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Longitudinal assessment of neuropathy in type 1 diabetes using novel ophthalmic markers (LANDMark): Study design and baseline characteristics"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Nicola","family":"Pritchard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cirous","family":"Dehghani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Fadavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Jeziorska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis N.","family":"Petropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Ponirakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony W.","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoff P.","family":"Sampson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayda M.","family":"Shahidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangeetha","family":"Srinivasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitra","family":"Tavakoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Vagenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rayaz A.","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Efron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.21.7.1071","article-title":"Multicenter study of the incidence of and predictive risk factors for diabetic neuropathic foot ulceration","volume":"21","author":"Abbott","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diab Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.9.1479","article-title":"Risk factors for severity of diabetic polyneuropathy: intensive longitudinal assessment of the Rochester Diabetic Neuropathy Study cohort","volume":"22","author":"Dyck","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diab Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-1303","article-title":"Diabetic neuropathies: update on definitions, diagnostic criteria, estimation of severity, and treatments","volume":"33","author":"Tesfaye","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diab Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011_bib0020","first-page":"CD007543","article-title":"Enhanced glucose control for preventing and treating diabetic neuropathy","author":"Callaghan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1471","article-title":"Effect of intensive compared with standard glycemia treatment strategies on mortality by baseline subgroup characteristics: the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial","volume":"33","author":"Calles-Escand\u00f3n","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diab Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.1222","article-title":"Small fiber neuropathy: role in the diagnosis of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy","volume":"27","author":"Malik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diab Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2054","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-0503","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of antioxidant treatment with a-lipoic acid over 4 years in diabetic polyneuropathy: the NATHAN 1 trial","volume":"34","author":"Ziegler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diab Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21661","article-title":"Signs and symptoms versus nerve conduction studies to diagnose diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy: Cl vs. NPhys trial","volume":"42","author":"Dyck","year":"2010","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010000287","article-title":"Sural nerve fibre pathology in diabetic patients with mild neuropathy: relationship to pain, quantitative sensory testing and peripheral nerve electrophysiology","volume":"101","author":"Malik","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-004-1663-5","article-title":"Sural nerve pathology in diabetic patients with minimal but progressive neuropathy","volume":"48","author":"Malik","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.60.1.108","article-title":"The spectrum of neuropathy in diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance","volume":"60","author":"Sumner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200105000-00008","article-title":"Morphology of corneal nerves using confocal microscopy","volume":"20","author":"Oliveira-Soto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67546-0","article-title":"Early detection of diabetic peripheral neuropathy with corneal confocal microscopy","volume":"366","author":"Hossain","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-0175","article-title":"Corneal sensitivity is reduced and relates to the severity of neuropathy in patients with diabetes","volume":"30","author":"Tavakoli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diab Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2148","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-0285","article-title":"Surrogate markers of small fibre damage in human diabetic neuropathy","volume":"56","author":"Quattrini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2245","article-title":"Cost of treating diabetic foot ulcers in five different countries","volume":"28","author":"Cavanagh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diab Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0253","article-title":"Corneal confocal microscopy: an in vivo, non-invasive test to diagnose and stratify the severity of human diabetic neuropathy","volume":"33","author":"Tavakoli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diab Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181fd6188","article-title":"Corneal sensitivity as an ophthalmic marker of diabetic neuropathy","volume":"87","author":"Pritchard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1941","article-title":"Effect of prior intensive insulin treatment during the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) on peripheral neuropathy in type 1 diabetes during the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) Study","volume":"33","author":"Albers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diab Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199507133330203","article-title":"Natural history of peripheral neuropathy in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"333","author":"Partanen","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2619","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-2479","article-title":"Challenges in design of multicenter trials: end points assessed longitudinally for change and monotonicity","volume":"30","author":"Dyck","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diab Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.3.697","article-title":"Clinical diagnosis of diabetic polyneuropathy with the diabetic neuropathy symptom and diabetic neuropathy examination scores","volume":"26","author":"Meijer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diab Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00400697","article-title":"A multicentre study of the prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in the United Kingdom hospital clinic population","volume":"36","author":"Young","year":"1993","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2011.05.016","article-title":"Automatic analysis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy using multi-scale quantitative morphology of nerve fibres in corneal confocal microscopy imaging","volume":"15","author":"Dabbah","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Image Anal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/0275-5408(95)00102-6","article-title":"A new non-contact corneal aesthesiometer (NCCA)","volume":"16","author":"Murphy","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12000","article-title":"A simple new non-invasive sweat indicator test for the diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy","volume":"30","author":"Papanas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(03)00475-5","article-title":"Proposed international clinical diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema disease severity scales","volume":"110","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011_bib0140","first-page":"99","article-title":"Anon Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC). Design, implementation, and preliminary results of a long-term follow-up of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial cohort","volume":"22","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diab Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2011.04.007","article-title":"Association between glycosylated haemoglobin A(1c) and endothelial function in an adult non-diabetic population","volume":"217","author":"Lorbeer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2964","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-0968","article-title":"Laser scanning in vivo confocal microscopy reveals reduced innervation and reduction in cell density in all layers of the keratoconic cornea","volume":"49","author":"Niederer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4485","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0794","article-title":"Mapping of the normal human corneal sub-basal nerve plexus by in vivo laser scanning confocal microscopy","volume":"46","author":"Patel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318193e0e3","article-title":"Corneal sensitivity and slit scanning in vivo confocal microscopy of the subbasal nerve plexus of the normal central and peripheral human cornea","volume":"28","author":"Patel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1396","article-title":"Detection of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy by corneal confocal microscopy in type 1 diabetes: a concurrent validity study","volume":"35","author":"Ahmed","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diab Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2011.03299.x","article-title":"Reproducibility of in vivo corneal confocal microscopy as a novel screening test for early diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy","volume":"28","author":"Hertz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2040-1124.2011.00157.x","article-title":"Corneal nerve fiber pathology in Japanese type 1 diabetic patients and its correlation with antecedent glycemic control and blood pressure","volume":"3","author":"Ishibashi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Diabet Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.2337\/db12-0574","article-title":"Corneal confocal microscopy detects early nerve regeneration in diabetic neuropathy after simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation","volume":"62","author":"Tavakoli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-010-1396-8","article-title":"In vivo confocal microscopy of corneal small fiber damage in diabetes mellitus","volume":"248","author":"Messmer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2006.05.008","article-title":"Tear production and corneal sensitivity in diabetes","volume":"21","author":"Cousen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Diab Complications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2608","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-0870","article-title":"Corneal confocal microscopy detects early nerve regeneration after pancreas transplantation in patients with type 1 diabetes","volume":"30","author":"Mehra","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diab Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-0689","article-title":"Noninvasive assessment of corneal sensitivity in young and elderly diabetic and nondiabetic subjects","volume":"45","author":"Murphy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016882271400093X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016882271400093X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,15]],"date-time":"2020-08-15T15:44:55Z","timestamp":1597506295000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S016882271400093X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S016882271400093X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-8227"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-8227","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Longitudinal assessment of neuropathy in type 1 diabetes using novel ophthalmic markers (LANDMark): Study design and baseline characteristics","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}