{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T03:29:43Z","timestamp":1792726183586,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]],"date-time":"2014-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417392000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]],"date-time":"2014-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417392000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003766","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003766","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","diabetesresearchclinicalpractice.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,5]],"date-time":"2014-10-05T16:37:06Z","timestamp":1412527026000},"page":"465-473","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Relationship between olfactory dysfunction and cognitive impairment in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Haruna","family":"Sanke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4401-2965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomoya","family":"Mita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidenori","family":"Yoshii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayako","family":"Yokota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiko","family":"Yamashiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriko","family":"Ingaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomio","family":"Onuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Someya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Komiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshifumi","family":"Tamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoaki","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chie","family":"Ohmura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akio","family":"Kanazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshio","family":"Fujitani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirotaka","family":"Watada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Lancet. 1998;352:837\u201353.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07019-6"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)70284-2","article-title":"Risk of dementia in diabetes mellitus: a systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Biessels","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.2190\/PM.39.2.h","article-title":"The role of cognitive impairment and caregiver support in diabetes management of older outpatients","volume":"39","author":"Feil","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Psychiatry Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1097\/00002093-200201000-00003","article-title":"How well are clinicians following dementia practice guidelines","volume":"16","author":"Rosen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.148.3.357","article-title":"The nature and course of olfactory deficits in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"148","author":"Serby","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.55.1.84","article-title":"Olfaction in neurodegenerative disease: a meta-analysis of olfactory functioning in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases","volume":"55","author":"Mesholam","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.9.1399","article-title":"Olfactory deficits in patients with mild cognitive impairment predict Alzheimer's disease at follow-up","volume":"157","author":"Devanand","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10654.x","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E status is associated with odor identification deficits in nondemented older persons","volume":"855","author":"Murphy","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(01)00337-2","article-title":"Taste, smell and neuropsychological performance of individuals at familial risk for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"23","author":"Schiffman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2008.01826.x","article-title":"Olfaction and the 5-year incidence of cognitive impairment in an epidemiological study of older adults","volume":"56","author":"Schubert","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1159\/000090250","article-title":"Odor identification and decline in different cognitive domains in old age","volume":"26","author":"Wilson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.16.6.934","article-title":"Smell dysfunction and related factors in diabetic patients","volume":"16","author":"Le Floch","year":"1993","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03225.x","article-title":"Clinical staging of dementia in a population survey: comparison of DSM-III-R and the Washington University Clinical Dementia Rating Scale","volume":"86","author":"Forsell","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"\u201cMini-mental state\u201d. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Psychiatric Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2386","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03500180078038","article-title":"Population-based norms for the mini-mental state examination by age and educational level","volume":"269","author":"Crum","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-10-62","article-title":"Estimates of probable dementia prevalence from population-based surveys compared with dementia prevalence estimates based on meta-analyses","volume":"10","author":"Anstey","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjt052","article-title":"Olfactory identification and cognitive performance in community-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment","volume":"39","author":"Makizako","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem Senses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1177\/000348941212100609","article-title":"Evaluation of card-type odor identification test for Japanese patients with olfactory disturbance","volume":"121","author":"Fujio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Otol, Rhinol, Laryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039_bib0095","series-title":"Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II","author":"Beck","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2008.08.020","article-title":"Investigation on the relationship between diabetes mellitus type 2 and cognitive impairment","volume":"82","author":"Ebady","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.K10E-388","article-title":"Clinical backgrounds and morbidity of cognitive impairment in elderly diabetic patients","volume":"58","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0594.2012.00922.x","article-title":"Cognitive dysfunction: an emerging concept of a new diabetic complication in the elderly","volume":"13","author":"Umegaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(96)00062-2","article-title":"The influence of diabetes, hypertension, and stroke on ethnic differences in physical and cognitive functioning in an ethnically diverse older population","volume":"6","author":"Haan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-007-0894-7","article-title":"Predictors of cognitive impairment and dementia in older people with diabetes","volume":"51","author":"Bruce","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0594.2011.00817.x","article-title":"Risk factors associated with cognitive decline in the elderly with type 2 diabetes: baseline data analysis of the Japanese Elderly Diabetes Intervention Trial","volume":"12","author":"Umegaki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-1163","article-title":"Association between raised inflammatory markers and cognitive decline in elderly people with type 2 diabetes: the Edinburgh Type 2 Diabetes Study","volume":"59","author":"Marioni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.03194.x","article-title":"Adiponectin in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in MCI and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"18","author":"Une","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol: Off J Eur Fed Neurol Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1038\/209625a0","article-title":"Smell threshold in diabetes mellitus","volume":"209","author":"Patterson","year":"1966","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13463","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013463","article-title":"Hyperglycemia induces oxidative stress and impairs axonal transport rates in mice","volume":"5","author":"Sharma","year":"2010","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6734","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1350-09.2009","article-title":"Awake intranasal insulin delivery modifies protein complexes and alters memory, anxiety, and olfactory behaviors","volume":"29","author":"Marks","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosci: Off J Soc Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51227","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051227","article-title":"A physiological increase of insulin in the olfactory bulb decreases detection of a learned aversive odor and abolishes food odor-induced sniffing behavior in rats","volume":"7","author":"Aime","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(93)90005-Z","article-title":"Olfactory dysfunction in diabetes mellitus","volume":"53","author":"Weinstock","year":"1993","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-005-0452-3","article-title":"Modern psychophysical tests to assess olfactory function","volume":"26","author":"Eibenstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurol Sci: Off J Italian Neurol Soc Italian Soc Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2009-1020","article-title":"Olfactory dysfunction is associated with subjective memory complaints in community-dwelling elderly individuals","volume":"17","author":"Sohrabi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Alzheimer's Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1159\/000048618","article-title":"Impaired olfaction predicts cognitive decline in nondemented older adults","volume":"21","author":"Swan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.2174\/156720511796717212","article-title":"Follow-up study of olfactory deficits, cognitive functions, and volume loss of medial temporal lobe structures in patients with mild cognitive impairment","volume":"8","author":"Lojkowska","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Alzheimer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5846(01)00153-1","article-title":"Function of the hippocampus in memory formation: desperately seeking resolution","volume":"25","author":"Riedel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prog Neuro-psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2006.099721","article-title":"The relationship between cerebral Alzheimer's disease pathology and odour identification in old age","volume":"78","author":"Wilson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurol, Neurosurg, Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.11.009","article-title":"Neural substrates of cross-modal olfactory recognition memory: An fMRI study","volume":"31","author":"Cerf-Ducastel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168822714004392?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168822714004392?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T19:05:44Z","timestamp":1759172744000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168822714004392"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0168822714004392"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-8227"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-8227","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Relationship between olfactory dysfunction and cognitive impairment in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.039","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}