{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:38:08Z","timestamp":1790746688158,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014477","name":"National Health Insurance, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DOH94-NH-1007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DOH94-NH-1007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014477","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004391","name":"China Medical University Hospital, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DMR-106-223"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMR-106-223"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004391","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","diabetesresearchclinicalpractice.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,21]],"date-time":"2020-05-21T21:31:24Z","timestamp":1590096684000},"page":"108231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Derivation and validation of a clinical prediction model for assessing the risk of lower extremity amputation in patients with type 2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"165","author":[{"given":"Chia-Ing","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Chieh","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-Man","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiu-Shong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Hsueh","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Yuan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mu-Cyun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shing-Yu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsai-Chung","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108231_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2013.11.002","article-title":"Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2013 and projections for 2035","volume":"103","author":"Guariguata","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108231_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2009.03.030","article-title":"Clinical success using patient-oriented outcome measures after lower extremity bypass and endovascular intervention for ischemic tissue loss","volume":"50","author":"Taylor","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108231_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20080020","article-title":"Epidemiology of diabetes and diabetes-related complications","volume":"88","author":"Deshpande","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108231_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1534734617737660","article-title":"Predictive Laboratory Findings of Lower Extremity Amputation in Diabetic Patients Meta-analysis","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Lower Extremity Wounds"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108231_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.18.4.509","article-title":"Risk factors for lower extremity amputation in persons with diabetes","volume":"18","author":"Selby","year":"1995","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108231_b0030","unstructured":"Xu B, Yang CZ, Wu SB, Zhang D, Wang LN, Xiao L, et al. [Risk factors for lower extremity amputation in patients with diabetic foot]. Zhonghua nei ke za zhi. 2017;56:24\u20138."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108231_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2016.08.002","article-title":"Relationship between amputation and risk factors in individuals with diabetes mellitus: A study with Brazilian patients","volume":"11","author":"Mantovani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108231_b0040","article-title":"Risk of lower limb amputation in a national prevalent cohort of patients with diabetes","author":"Gurney","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108231_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-009-1638-7","article-title":"Association between glycated haemoglobin and the risk of lower extremity amputation in patients with diabetes mellitus-review and meta-analysis","volume":"53","author":"Adler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108231_b0050","series-title":"Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for research","author":"Campbell","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108231_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.3132\/dvdr.2006.017","article-title":"Postprandial hyperglycaemia and vascular damage\u2013the benefits of acarbose","volume":"3","author":"Bavenholm","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diab Vasc Dis Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108231_b0060","first-page":"2025","article-title":"Blood glucose fluctuation aggravates lower extremity vascular disease in type 2 diabetes","volume":"18","author":"Jiao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108231_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29629","DOI":"10.3402\/dfa.v6.29629","article-title":"Risk factors for lower extremity amputation in patients with diabetic foot ulcers: a hospital-based case-control study","volume":"6","author":"Pemayun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetic Foot Ankle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108231_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.13.5.513","article-title":"Pathways to diabetic limb amputation","volume":"13","author":"Pecoraro","year":"1990","journal-title":"Basis Prevent. Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108231_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2198","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-0864","article-title":"A1C variability and the risk of microvascular complications in type 1 diabetes: data from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial","volume":"31","author":"Kilpatrick","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108231_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-0331","article-title":"Developing and validating a risk score for lower-extremity amputation in patients hospitalized for a diabetic foot infection","volume":"34","author":"Lipsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108231_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2288","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.4312","article-title":"Association between intensification of metformin treatment with insulin vs sulfonylureas and cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality among patients with diabetes","volume":"311","author":"Roumie","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108231_b0090","article-title":"Development and validation of risk prediction equations to estimate future risk of blindness and lower limb amputation in patients with diabetes: cohort study","volume":"351","author":"Hippisley-Cox","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108231_b0095","series-title":"Clinical prediction models: a practical approach to development, validation, and updating","author":"Steyerberg","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108231_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1579","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-2043","article-title":"Health disparities in endocrine disorders: biological, clinical, and nonclinical factors\u2013an Endocrine Society scientific statement","volume":"97","author":"Golden","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108231_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2785","article-title":"A new diabetic foot risk assessment tool: DIAFORA","volume":"32","author":"Monteiro-Soares","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes\/metabolism Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108231_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-1598","article-title":"Predictors of lower-extremity amputation in patients with an infected diabetic foot ulcer","volume":"38","author":"Pickwell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108231_b0115","first-page":"115","article-title":"Kuo KNJLjopc","volume":"3","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"An overview of the healthcare system in Taiwan"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108231_b0120","first-page":"891","article-title":"Limb-and person-level risk factors for lower-limb amputation in the prospective","volume":"41","author":"Boyko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Seattle Diabetic Foot Study"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108231_b0125","article-title":"Diabetes treatments and risk of amputation, blindness, severe kidney failure, hyperglycaemia, and hypoglycaemia: open cohort study in primary care","volume":"352","author":"Hippisley-Cox","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108231_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-016030","article-title":"Progression of disease preceding lower extremity amputation in Denmark: a longitudinal registry study of diagnoses, use of medication and healthcare services 14 years prior to amputation","volume":"7","author":"Jensen","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108231_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-019-4835-z","article-title":"Lower limb events in individuals with type 2 diabetes: evidence for an increased risk associated with diuretic use","volume":"62","author":"Potier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108231_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-019-0353-8","article-title":"Incidence and determinants of diabetes-related lower limb amputations in Ghana, 2010\u20132015- a retrospective cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Sarfo-Kantanka","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Endocrine Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108231_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13647","article-title":"Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor use and risk of lower-extremity amputation: Evolving questions, evolving answers","volume":"21","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108231_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2019.08.011","article-title":"Pay-for-performance for shared care of diabetes in Taiwan","volume":"118","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168822720304812?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168822720304812?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T19:11:50Z","timestamp":1759173110000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168822720304812"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["S0168822720304812"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108231","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-8227"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-8227","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Derivation and validation of a clinical prediction model for assessing the risk of lower extremity amputation in patients with type 2 diabetes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108231","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108231"}}