{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T08:56:56Z","timestamp":1787648216163,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","diabetesresearchclinicalpractice.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]],"date-time":"2020-10-06T11:15:32Z","timestamp":1601982932000},"page":"108486","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Long-term metformin treatment and risk of peripheral neuropathy in older Veterans"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"170","author":[{"given":"Monica C.","family":"Serra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijaya","family":"Kancherla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjali","family":"Khakharia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Latricia L.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence S.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary K.","family":"Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter W.F.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camille P.","family":"Vaughan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108486_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd14.170230","article-title":"Prevalence of and Trends in Diabetes Among Veterans, United States, 2005\u20132014","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prev. Chronic Dis."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108486_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-013-2958-1","article-title":"Mortality among veterans with type 2 diabetes initiating metformin, sulfonylurea or rosiglitazone monotherapy","volume":"56","author":"Wheeler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108486_b0015","first-page":"24","article-title":"Vitamin B12 and older adults:","volume":"13","author":"Stover","year":"2010","journal-title":"Current Opin Clin Nutrit Metabolic Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108486_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14761","article-title":"Long-term Metformin Therapy and Monitoring for Vitamin B12 Deficiency Among Older Veterans","volume":"65","author":"Kancherla","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108486_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1582","article-title":"Association of Biochemical B12 Deficiency With Metformin Therapy and Vitamin B12 Supplements: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2006","volume":"35","author":"Reinstatler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108486_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2009.05.090044","article-title":"The Prevalence of Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"22","author":"Pflipsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J American Board Family Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108486_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2010.02.011","article-title":"Metformin induces reductions in plasma cobalamin and haptocorrin bound cobalamin levels in elderly diabetic patients","volume":"43","author":"Leung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108486_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1212\/01.CON.0000455880.06675.5a","article-title":"Peripheral neuropathy due to vitamin deficiency, toxins, and medications","volume":"20","author":"Staff","year":"2014","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn)."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108486_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2018.04.001","article-title":"Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Pharmacotherapy","volume":"40","author":"Iqbal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108486_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.08.014","article-title":"An observational study of vitamin b12 levels and peripheral neuropathy profile in patients of diabetes mellitus on metformin therapy","volume":"12","author":"Gupta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabet Metabolic Syndrome Clin Res Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108486_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1097\/SMJ.0b013e3181ce0e4d","article-title":"Metformin-Induced Vitamin B12 Deficiency Presenting as a Peripheral Neuropathy","volume":"103","author":"Bell","year":"2010","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108486_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-0606","article-title":"Association of Metformin, Elevated Homocysteine, and Methylmalonic Acid Levels and Clinically Worsened Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy","volume":"33","author":"Wile","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabet Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108486_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006","article-title":"A New Equation to Estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate","volume":"150","author":"Levey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108486_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1998.tb04534.x","article-title":"The Effect of Vitamin B 12 Deficiency on Older Veterans and Its Relationship to Health","volume":"46","author":"Bernard","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108486_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntr206","article-title":"Validating Smoking Data From the Veteran's Affairs Health Factors Dataset, an Electronic Data Source","volume":"13","author":"McGinnis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108486_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1R223","article-title":"Evaluation of Vitamin B 12 Monitoring in a Veteran Population on Long-Term, High-Dose Metformin Therapy","volume":"46","author":"Pierce","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108486_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-016-0546-1","article-title":"Vitamin B12 screening in metformin-treated diabetics in primary care: were elderly patients less likely to be tested?","volume":"29","author":"Fogelman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"may19 4","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108486_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c2181","article-title":"Long term treatment with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes and risk of vitamin B-12 deficiency: randomised placebo controlled trial","volume":"340","author":"de Jager","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108486_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.7898.1","article-title":"Updates in diabetic peripheral neuropathy","volume":"5","author":"Juster-Switlyk","year":"2016","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108486_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-3754","article-title":"Long-term Metformin Use and Vitamin B12 Deficiency in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study","volume":"101","author":"Aroda","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108486_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-015-3844-9","article-title":"Metformin and the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"59","author":"McCreight","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108486_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2452853","article-title":"Perspectives on Peripheral Neuropathy as a Consequence of Metformin-Induced Vitamin B12 Deficiency in T2DM","volume":"2017","author":"Ahmed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"02","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108486_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.11622\/smedj.2016027","article-title":"Vitamin B supplementation for diabetic peripheral neuropathy","volume":"57","author":"Jayabalan","year":"2016","journal-title":"smedj"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108486_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000320","article-title":"Mediators of diabetic neuropathy: is hyperglycemia the only culprit?","volume":"24","author":"Grisold","year":"2017","journal-title":"Current Opin Endocrinol Diabet Obes"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108486_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1159\/000488326","article-title":"Vitamin B12 Deficiency and the Role of Gender: A Cross-Sectional Study of a Large Cohort","volume":"72","author":"Margalit","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108486_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afl150","article-title":"Vitamin B12 deficiency in the aged: a population-based study","volume":"36","author":"Loikas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Age Ageing"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168822720307397?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168822720307397?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T19:14:36Z","timestamp":1759173276000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168822720307397"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["S0168822720307397"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108486","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-8227"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-8227","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Long-term metformin treatment and risk of peripheral neuropathy in older Veterans","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108486","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108486"}}