{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T11:47:53Z","timestamp":1783338473082,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","diabetesresearchclinicalpractice.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]],"date-time":"2020-10-20T22:32:08Z","timestamp":1603233128000},"page":"108520","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Evaluation of the Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis (LRINEC) score for detecting necrotizing soft tissue infections in patients with diabetes and lower extremity infection"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"171","author":[{"given":"Lance J.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter A.","family":"Crisologo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siva","family":"Sivaganesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles C.","family":"Caldwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Henning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108520_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1600673","article-title":"Necrotizing soft-tissue infections","volume":"377","author":"Stevens","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108520_b0010","first-page":"195","article-title":"Necrotizing fasciitis: epidemiology and clinical predictors for amputation","volume":"8","author":"Khamnuan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108520_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-016-2704-y","article-title":"Epidemiology of invasive group A streptococcal infections in Norway 2010\u20132014: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"35","author":"Naseer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108520_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1308\/003588414X14055925058553","article-title":"Necrotising soft tissue infection in a UK metropolitan population","volume":"97","author":"Glass","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108520_b0025","first-page":"453","article-title":"Necrotizing anaerobic infections","volume":"24","author":"Bocking","year":"1981","journal-title":"Can J Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108520_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-007-9132-1","article-title":"Necrotizing soft tissue infections: APACHE II score, dissemination, and survival","volume":"31","author":"Yilmazlar","year":"2007","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108520_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1177\/000313480807400508","article-title":"Postprocedural necrotizing fasciitis: a 10-year retrospective review","volume":"74","author":"Miller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108520_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2007.08.047","article-title":"Incidence and clinical characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus necrotizing fasciitis in a large urban hospital","volume":"194","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108520_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mej.0000228447.48276.7b","article-title":"Necrotizing fasciitis: a challenging diagnosis","volume":"14","author":"Hefny","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108520_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1177\/000313480206800201","article-title":"Necrotizing fasciitis: a fourteen-year retrospective study of 163 consecutive patients","volume":"68","author":"Childers","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108520_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066612463680","article-title":"Necrotizing soft tissue infections","volume":"29","author":"Shiroff","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108520_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000129486.35458.7D","article-title":"The LRINEC (Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis) score: a tool for distinguishing necrotizing fasciitis from other soft tissue infections","volume":"32","author":"Wong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108520_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200308000-00005","article-title":"Necrotizing fasciitis: clinical presentation, microbiology, and determinants of mortality","volume":"85","author":"Wong","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108520_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2382","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.9.2382-2387.1995","article-title":"Clinical and microbiological features of necrotizing fasciitis","volume":"33","author":"Brook","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108520_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.06.072","article-title":"Reamputation, mortality, and health care costs among persons with dysvascular lower-limb amputations","volume":"86","author":"Dillingham","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108520_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.7.1591","article-title":"Prevalence of lower-extremity disease in the US adult population >=40 years of age with and without diabetes: 1999\u20132000 national health and nutrition examination survey","volume":"27","author":"Gregg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108520_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.3.382","article-title":"Incidence, outcomes, and cost of foot ulcers in patients with diabetes","volume":"22","author":"Ramsey","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108520_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2008.07.025","article-title":"Low sensitivity of physical examination findings in necrotizing soft tissue infection is improved with laboratory values: a prospective study","volume":"196","author":"Chan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108520_b0095","first-page":"397","article-title":"Aggressive surgical management of necrotizing fasciitis serves to decrease mortality: a retrospective study","volume":"64","author":"Bilton","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108520_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800800943","article-title":"Role of early and extensive surgery in the treatment of severe necrotizing soft tissue infection","volume":"80","author":"Voros","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"#cr-split#-10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108520_b0105.1","unstructured":"Johanet H, Marmuse JP, Benhamou G, Charleux H. [Appendicitis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Apropos of 19 cases]. Chirurgie. 1991;117(7):557-62"},{"key":"#cr-split#-10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108520_b0105.2","unstructured":"discussion 62-3. PubMed PMID: 1842952. Epub 1991\/01\/01. Appendicites et syndrome d'immuno-d\u00e9ficience acquise. A propos de 19 observations. fre."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108520_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000002774","article-title":"Necrotizing soft tissue infection: diagnostic accuracy of physical examination, imaging, and LRINEC score: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"269","author":"Fernando","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Surgery"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108520_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.98B11.37526","article-title":"A comparison of necrotising fasciitis in diabetics and non-diabetics: a review of 127 patients","volume":"98-b","author":"Tan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108520_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2013.08.012","article-title":"Temporizing surgical management improves outcome in patients with Vibrio necrotizing fasciitis complicated with septic shock on admission","volume":"40","author":"Hong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Burns"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108520_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa042683","article-title":"Necrotizing fasciitis caused by community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Los Angeles","volume":"352","author":"Miller","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108520_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e119","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.9371","article-title":"Early diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis","volume":"101","author":"Goh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108520_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu296","article-title":"Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"59","author":"Stevens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis: Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108520_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1086\/511638","article-title":"Necrotizing soft-tissue infection: diagnosis and management","volume":"44","author":"Anaya","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis: Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108520_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2013.03.003","article-title":"Serious group a streptococcal infections","volume":"97","author":"Wong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108520_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.170.3.9490940","article-title":"Differentiation of necrotizing fasciitis and cellulitis using MR imaging","volume":"170","author":"Schmid","year":"1998","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108520_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-015-0575-4","article-title":"The role of contrast enhanced computed tomography in the diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis and comparison with the laboratory risk indicator for necrotizing fasciitis (LRINEC)","volume":"121","author":"Carbonetti","year":"2016","journal-title":"La Radiologia medica"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168822720307774?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168822720307774?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T19:15:33Z","timestamp":1759173333000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168822720307774"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["S0168822720307774"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108520","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-8227"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-8227","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Evaluation of the Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis (LRINEC) score for detecting necrotizing soft tissue infections in patients with diabetes and lower extremity infection","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108520","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108520"}}