{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T00:03:20Z","timestamp":1794009800787,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81170759"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81170759"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81770813"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81770813"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82070866"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82070866"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFC1314900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1314900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFC1314905"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1314905"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","diabetesresearchclinicalpractice.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T20:29:34Z","timestamp":1638390574000},"page":"109151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Waist-to-height ratio has a stronger association with cardiovascular risks than waist circumference, waist-hip ratio and body mass index in type 2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"183","author":[{"given":"Jiang-Feng","family":"Ke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Xi","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Hui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lian-Xi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000161957.34198.2B","article-title":"Factor analysis of clustered cardiovascular risks in adolescence: obesity is the predominant correlate of risk among youth","volume":"111","author":"Goodman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2006.01617.x","article-title":"Obesity and cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes: results from the Swedish National Diabetes Register","volume":"259","author":"Ridderstrale","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Int Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2009.68","article-title":"Body mass index, waist circumference and waist:hip ratio as predictors of cardiovascular risk\u2013a review of the literature","volume":"64","author":"Huxley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.676379","article-title":"International Day for the Evaluation of Abdominal Obesity (IDEA): a study of waist circumference, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus in 168,000 primary care patients in 63 countries","volume":"116","author":"Balkau","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.739714","article-title":"Abdominal obesity and the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: sixteen years of follow-up in US women","volume":"117","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0254","article-title":"Accuracy of anthropometric indicators of obesity to predict cardiovascular risk","volume":"92","author":"Schneider","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2009.180","article-title":"Appropriate cutoff values of anthropometric variables to predict cardiovascular outcomes: 7.6 years follow-up in an Iranian population","volume":"33","author":"Hadaegh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13311","article-title":"Use of the waist-to-height ratio to predict cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes: Results from the ADVANCE-ON study","volume":"20","author":"R\u00e5dholm","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.14323","article-title":"Waist-to-height ratio remains an accurate and practical way of identifying cardiometabolic risks in children and adolescents","volume":"107","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2011.11.006","article-title":"The combination of carotid and lower extremity ultrasonography increases the detection of atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes patients","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-016-0360-2","article-title":"The coexistence of carotid and lower extremity atherosclerosis further increases cardio-cerebrovascular risk in type 2 diabetes","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40009","DOI":"10.1038\/srep40009","article-title":"Serum uric acid levels are associated with obesity but not cardio-cerebrovascular events in Chinese in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2018.03.002","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical characteristics of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in newly diagnosed patients with ketosis-onset diabetes","volume":"44","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-12-18","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical characteristics of carotid atherosclerosis in newly diagnosed patients with ketosis-onset diabetes: a cross-sectional study","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2016.04.017","article-title":"Urine uric acid excretion is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"30","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000417","article-title":"Serum uric acid levels are associated with hypertension and metabolic syndrome but not atherosclerosis in Chinese inpatients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644","volume":"120","author":"Alberti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a015434","article-title":"The burden of cardiovascular diseases mortality in Europe. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology on Cardiovascular Mortality and Morbidity Statistics in Europe","volume":"18","author":"Sans","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3484","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-018-3359-9","article-title":"Discrepancies between BMI and classic cardiovascular risk factors","volume":"28","author":"van Mil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0801891","article-title":"General and abdominal adiposity and risk of death in Europe","volume":"359","author":"Pischon","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0105","first-page":"121","article-title":"The associations between obesity, adipose tissue distribution and disease","volume":"723","author":"Bj\u00f6rntorp","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand Suppl"},{"issue":"9497","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67663-5","article-title":"Obesity and the risk of myocardial infarction in 27,000 participants from 52 countries: a case-control study","volume":"366","author":"Yusuf","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1026","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2010.100453","article-title":"Efficiency of anthropometric indicators of obesity for identifying cardiovascular risk factors in a Chinese population","volume":"87","author":"Dong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1097\/HJR.0b013e32833c1aa3","article-title":"Comparison of waist-to-hip ratio and other obesity indices as predictors of cardiovascular disease risk in people with type-2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study from ADVANCE","volume":"18","author":"Czernichow","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2754","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2008.430","article-title":"Waist-to-height ratio and coronary artery disease in Taiwanese type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"16","author":"Tseng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2016.0041","article-title":"Waist-to-height ratio compared to standard obesity measures as predictor of cardiometabolic risk factors in Asian Indians in North India","volume":"14","author":"Vikram","year":"2016","journal-title":"Metab Syndr Relat Disord"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1159\/000172977","article-title":"Comparison of body mass index and waist\/height ratio in predicting definite coronary artery disease","volume":"53","author":"Siavash","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2011.00952.x","article-title":"Waist-to-height ratio is a better screening tool than waist circumference and BMI for adult cardiometabolic risk factors: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Ashwell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12266","article-title":"Waist circumference is genetically correlated with incident Type 2 diabetes in Mexican-American families","volume":"31","author":"Mamtani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2011.268","article-title":"Body mass index versus waist circumference as predictors of mortality in Canadian adults","volume":"36","author":"Staiano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2013.181","article-title":"Visceral adiposity index, hypertriglyceridemic waist and risk of diabetes: the China Health and Nutrition Survey 2009","volume":"38","author":"Du","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.12.040","article-title":"Abdominal obesity and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in end-stage renal disease","volume":"53","author":"Postorino","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2008.481","article-title":"Waist circumference as a cardiovascular and metabolic risk in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"17","author":"Sone","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-020-01007-6","article-title":"Waist circumference is associated with major adverse cardiovascular events in male but not female patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"19","author":"Xing","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"9491","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67402-8","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome\u2013a new worldwide definition","volume":"366","author":"Alberti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12157","article-title":"Waist-to-height ratio is an appropriate index for identifying cardiometabolic risk in Chinese individuals with normal body mass index and waist circumference","volume":"6","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Diabetes."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2014.12.003","article-title":"Anthropometrics indices of obesity, and all-cause and cardiovascular disease-related mortality, in an Asian cohort with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"41","author":"Lim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-73224-8","article-title":"Waist-to-height ratio is a better discriminator of cardiovascular disease than other anthropometric indicators in Kurdish adults","volume":"10","author":"Pasdar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18575","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-75667-5","article-title":"Waist-height ratio and waist are the best estimators of visceral fat in type 1 diabetes","volume":"10","author":"Parente","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2016.31.1.127","article-title":"Association of waist-height ratio with diabetes risk: A 4-year longitudinal retrospective study","volume":"31","author":"Son","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab (Seoul)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175057","article-title":"Associations between body fat variability and later onset of cardiovascular disease risk factors","volume":"12","author":"Saito","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-10-73","article-title":"Utility of waist-to-height ratio in assessing the status of central obesity and related cardiometabolic risk profile among normal weight and overweight\/obese children: the Bogalusa Heart Study","volume":"10","author":"Mokha","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.05.010","article-title":"Waist-to-height ratio, waist circumference and BMI as indicators of percentage fat mass and cardiometabolic risk factors in children aged 3\u20137 years","volume":"33","author":"Sijtsma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.3109\/07435800.2014.987868","article-title":"Waist-to-height ratio is independently associated with chronic kidney disease in overweight type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"40","author":"Blaslov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocr Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422410000144","article-title":"A systematic review of waist-to-height ratio as a screening tool for the prediction of cardiovascular disease and diabetes: 0\u00b75 could be a suitable global boundary value","volume":"23","author":"Browning","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutr Res Rev"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168822721005118?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168822721005118?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T19:19:40Z","timestamp":1759173580000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168822721005118"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S0168822721005118"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-8227"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-8227","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Waist-to-height ratio has a stronger association with cardiovascular risks than waist circumference, waist-hip ratio and body mass index in type 2 diabetes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109151","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109151"}}