{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:40:27Z","timestamp":1789605627566,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","diabetesresearchclinicalpractice.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T11:08:06Z","timestamp":1645096086000},"page":"109783","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Caring for individuals with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus who restrict and omit insulin for weight control: Evidence-based guidance for healthcare professionals"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"185","author":[{"given":"Georgia","family":"Goddard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Oxlad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.7748\/ns.29.2.44.e7877","article-title":"Diabulimia: how eating disorders can affect adolescents with diabetes","volume":"29","author":"Davidson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nurs Stand"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2016.10.004","article-title":"Disordered eating behaviors in emerging adults with type 1 diabetes: a common problem for both men and women","volume":"31","author":"Doyle","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediat Health Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.2010.00529.x","article-title":"Diabulimia and the role of school health personnel","volume":"80","author":"Hasken","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Sch Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0020","first-page":"179","article-title":"Are eating disorders more prevalent in females with type 1 diabetes mellitus when the impact of insulin omission is considered?","volume":"59","author":"Affenito","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0025","first-page":"769","article-title":"What is diabulimia?","volume":"108","author":"Mathieu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Acad Nutrit Diet"},{"issue":"7249","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7249.1563","article-title":"Eating disorders in adolescent females with and without type 1 diabetes: cross sectional study","volume":"320","author":"Jones","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20498","article-title":"The duration of severe insulin omission is the factor most closely associated with the microvascular complications of type 1 diabetic females with clinical eating disorders","volume":"41","author":"Takii","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-2026","article-title":"Insulin restriction and associated morbidity and mortality in women with type 1 diabetes","volume":"31","author":"Goebel-Fabbri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diab Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1080\/10640266.2017.1405651","article-title":"Disordered eating and insulin restriction in type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and testable model","volume":"26","author":"De Paoli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eat Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0050","first-page":"1","article-title":"A systematic review of psychological interventions for comorbid type 1 diabetes mellitus and eating disorders","volume":"8","author":"Banting","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diab Manage"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13509","article-title":"Systematic review and meta- analysis of the efficacy of interventions for people with Type 1 diabetes mellitus and disordered eating","volume":"34","author":"Clery","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diab Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-2646","article-title":"Eating disorders in girls and women with type 1 diabetes: a longitudinal study of prevalence, onset, remission, and recurrence","volume":"38","author":"Colton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diab Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0065","article-title":"Treatment outcome of patients with comorbid type 1 diabetes and eating disorders","volume":"14","author":"Custal","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Psych"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v6.i3.517","article-title":"Eating disorders in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: challenges in diagnosis and treatment","volume":"6","author":"Pinhas-Hamiel","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Diab"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2008.02434.x","article-title":"Caring for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus engaging in disturbed eating or weight control: a qualitative study of practitioners\u2019 attitudes and practices","volume":"18","author":"Tierney","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13555","article-title":"Eating disorders in people with Type 1 diabetes: experiential perspectives of both clients and healthcare professionals","volume":"35","author":"Macdonald","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0085","first-page":"1","article-title":"Insulin Restriction or Omission in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-synthesis of Individuals\u2019 Experiences of Diabulimia","author":"Goddard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.006","article-title":"The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration","volume":"62","author":"Liberati","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-12-181","article-title":"Enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research: ENTREQ","volume":"12","author":"Tong","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Method"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0100","unstructured":"Kmet LM, Cook LS, Lee RC. Standard quality assessment criteria for evaluating primary research papers from a variety of fields. Edmonton: Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research (AHFMR); 2004."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2020.107522","article-title":"Screening and identification of disordered eating in people with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review","volume":"34","author":"Pursey","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Diab Compl"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1890","article-title":"Brief screening tool for disordered eating in diabetes: internal consistency and external validity in a contemporary sample of pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes","volume":"33","author":"Markowitz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diab Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0115","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (Great Britain). Type 1 diabetes in adults: diagnosis and management. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE); 2015 [updated 2021]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0120","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (Great Britain). Diabetes (type 1 and type 2) in children and young people: diagnosis and management. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE); 2015 [updated 2020]."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.5993\/AJHB.27.4.7","article-title":"Body-image perceptions: reliability of a BMI-based silhouette matching test","volume":"27","author":"Peterson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Health Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327752JPA7601_6","article-title":"Body-esteem scale for adolescents and adults","volume":"76","author":"Mendelson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(199412)16:4<363::AID-EAT2260160405>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"Assessment of eating disorders: Interview or self-report questionnaire?","volume":"16","author":"Fairburn","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0140","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (Great Britain). Eating disorders: Recognition and treatment. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE); 2017."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2012.03771.x","article-title":"Eating problems in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes: a systematic review with meta- analysis","volume":"30","author":"Young","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diab Med"},{"issue":"4pt2","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2010.00708.x","article-title":"The relationship between the age of onset of type 1 diabetes and the subsequent development of a severe eating disorder by female patients","volume":"12","author":"Takii","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediat Diab"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22238","article-title":"Is disordered eating behavior more prevalent in adolescents with early-onset type 1 diabetes than in their representative peers?","volume":"47","author":"Baechle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1007\/s12110-010-9084-2","article-title":"A life history approach to understanding youth time preference","volume":"21","author":"Schechter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Human Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0165","unstructured":"Hillege SP. The Impact of Type 1 Diabetes on the Self of Adolescents and Young Adults. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis. Sydney: University of Western Sydney; 2005."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12016","article-title":"Depression, disturbed eating behavior, and metabolic control in teenage girls with type 1 diabetes","volume":"14","author":"Colton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediat Diab"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-1867","article-title":"Depression in adults in the T1D Exchange Clinic Registry","volume":"37","author":"Trief","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diab Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0000000000000116","article-title":"Associations of disordered eating behavior with the family diabetes environment in adolescents with type 1 diabetes","volume":"36","author":"Caccavale","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Devel Behav Pediat JDBP"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.8.1289","article-title":"Weight control practices and disordered eating behaviors among adolescent females and males with type 1 diabetes: associations with sociodemographics, weight concerns, familial factors, and metabolic outcomes","volume":"25","author":"Neumark-Sztainer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diab Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2007.06.002","article-title":"Familial and individual variables as predictors of dieting concerns and binge eating in college females","volume":"9","author":"Meno","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eat Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2009.02.003","article-title":"Interpersonal influences on late adolescent girls' and boys' disordered eating","volume":"10","author":"Shomaker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eat Behav"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1037\/a0040359","article-title":"Evidence-based behavioral interventions to promote diabetes management in children, adolescents, and families","volume":"71","author":"Hilliard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1177\/0145721718765947","article-title":"Positive health benefits of peer support and connections for college students with type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"44","author":"Saylor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diab Educ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0210","first-page":"188","article-title":"Effectiveness of a group psychoeducation program for the treatment of subclinical disordered eating in women with type 1 diabetes","volume":"62","author":"Alloway","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can J Diet Pract Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.10068","article-title":"The effects of psychoeducation on disturbed eating attitudes and behavior in young women with type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"32","author":"Olmsted","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168822722005952?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168822722005952?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T19:20:56Z","timestamp":1759173656000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168822722005952"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0168822722005952"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-8227"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-8227","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Caring for individuals with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus who restrict and omit insulin for weight control: Evidence-based guidance for healthcare professionals","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109783","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109783"}}