{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T10:07:13Z","timestamp":1793614033324,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7202010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7202010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","diabetesresearchclinicalpractice.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,4]],"date-time":"2023-11-04T12:37:29Z","timestamp":1699101449000},"page":"110993","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes: A bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"206","author":[{"given":"Xuetong","family":"Ni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aheyeerke","family":"Halengbieke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tengrui","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianmin","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixin","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deqiang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumei","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5608-0255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinghua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110993_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2022.0237","article-title":"Pathogenesis and treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and its fibrosis","volume":"29","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110993_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15030687","article-title":"Understanding NAFLD: From Case Identification to Interventions, Outcomes, and Future Perspectives","volume":"15","author":"Clayton-Chubb","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110993_b0015","article-title":"Complications, morbidity and mortality of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"111S","author":"Mantovani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110993_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087260","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1087260","article-title":"Advancements in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)","volume":"13","author":"Rong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110993_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176275","article-title":"Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"21","author":"Galicia-Garcia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110993_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30058-2","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes","volume":"389","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110993_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00618-8","article-title":"Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: a pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants","volume":"387","author":"Collaboration","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110993_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108053","article-title":"The burden of type 2 diabetes in Europe: Current and future aspects of insulin treatment from patient and healthcare spending perspectives","volume":"161","author":"Ceriello","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110993_b0045","article-title":"Metabolic liver disease in diabetes - From mechanisms to clinical trials","volume":"111S","author":"Dewidar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110993_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23263","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk of hepatic fibrosis in individuals with obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"29","author":"Barb","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110993_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e045498","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-045498","article-title":"Fatty liver index and progression to type 2 diabetes: a 5-year longitudinal study in Spanish workers with pre-diabetes","volume":"11","author":"Busquets-Cortes","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110993_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.108922","article-title":"Glycemic variability and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A nationwide population-based cohort study","volume":"177","author":"Hong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110993_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2022.0096","article-title":"The effect of diabetes and prediabetes on the prevalence, complications and mortality in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"28","author":"Ng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110993_b0070","article-title":"Mendelian Randomization","volume":"12","author":"Birney","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110993_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a040980","article-title":"Using Mendelian Randomization to Improve the Design of Randomized Trials","volume":"11","author":"Ference","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110993_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1805","article-title":"Genome-Wide Association Study of NAFLD Using Electronic Health Records","volume":"6","author":"Fairfield","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110993_b0085","article-title":"Machine learning enables new insights into genetic contributions to liver fat accumulation","volume":"1","author":"Haas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Genom"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110993_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02380-9","article-title":"Re-analysis of public genetic data reveals a rare X-chromosomal variant associated with type 2 diabetes","volume":"9","author":"Bonas-Guarch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110993_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.520","article-title":"New genetic loci implicated in fasting glucose homeostasis and their impact on type 2 diabetes risk","volume":"42","author":"Dupuis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110993_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genom-090314-050016","article-title":"Mendelian Randomization: New Applications in the Coming Age of Hypothesis-Free Causality","volume":"16","author":"Evans","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110993_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21965","article-title":"Consistent Estimation in Mendelian Randomization with Some Invalid Instruments Using a Weighted Median Estimator","volume":"40","author":"Bowden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110993_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-019-1321-x","article-title":"Risks and clinical predictors of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma diagnoses in adults with diagnosed NAFLD: real-world study of 18 million patients in four European cohorts","volume":"17","author":"Alexander","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110993_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.2337\/db18-1048","article-title":"Liver Function and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study","volume":"68","author":"De Silva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110993_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i26.8377","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes: From physiopathological interplay to diagnosis and treatment","volume":"20","author":"Leite","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110993_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/5584_2020_532","article-title":"Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"1307","author":"Khneizer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110993_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.04.004","article-title":"Adaptation of hepatic mitochondrial function in humans with non-alcoholic fatty liver is lost in steatohepatitis","volume":"21","author":"Koliaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110993_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13214","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes and remission: practical management guided by pathophysiology","volume":"289","author":"Taylor","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110993_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-008-1116-7","article-title":"Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes: tracing the reverse route from cure to cause","volume":"51","author":"Taylor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110993_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12719","article-title":"Causal relationship of hepatic fat with liver damage and insulin resistance in nonalcoholic fatty liver","volume":"283","author":"Dongiovanni","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110993_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.4997\/JRCPE.2017.216","article-title":"Putting insulin resistance into context by dietary reversal of type 2 diabetes","volume":"47","author":"Taylor","year":"2017","journal-title":"J R Coll Physicians Edinb"},{"issue":"547\u201356","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110993_b0155","first-page":"e3","article-title":"Remission of Human Type 2 Diabetes Requires Decrease in Liver and Pancreas Fat Content but Is Dependent upon Capacity for beta Cell Recovery","volume":"28","author":"Taylor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110993_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26672","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes","volume":"59","author":"Birkenfeld","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110993_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R89","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddu328","article-title":"Mendelian randomization: genetic anchors for causal inference in epidemiological studies","volume":"23","author":"Davey Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110993_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3253","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016010098","article-title":"Mendelian Randomization as an Approach to Assess Causality Using Observational Data","volume":"27","author":"Sekula","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168822723007568?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168822723007568?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T20:20:23Z","timestamp":1787430023000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168822723007568"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["S0168822723007568"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110993","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-8227"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-8227","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes: A bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110993","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110993"}}