{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T20:56:17Z","timestamp":1793652977558,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]],"date-time":"2025-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","diabetesresearchclinicalpractice.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,9]],"date-time":"2025-02-09T09:52:14Z","timestamp":1739094734000},"page":"112041","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Sociodemographic inequities and use of hybrid closed-loop systems associated with obesity in youth with type 1 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"221","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3685-1387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Svetlana","family":"Azova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lori","family":"Laffel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belinda S.","family":"Lennerz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carter R.","family":"Petty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Wolfsdorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erinn T.","family":"Rhodes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharine","family":"Garvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"37","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7037a3","article-title":"Longitudinal trends in body mass index before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among persons aged 2\u201319 years - United States, 2018\u20132020","volume":"70","author":"Lange","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0010","article-title":"National-level and state-level prevalence of overweight and obesity among children, adolescents, and adults in the USA, 1990-2021, and forecasts up to 2050","author":"Collaborators","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2871","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.10.2871","article-title":"Changing prevalence of overweight children and adolescents at onset of insulin-treated diabetes","volume":"26","author":"Libman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.29.02.06.dc05-0724","article-title":"Spectrum and prevalence of atherogenic risk factors in 27,358 children, adolescents, and young adults with type 1 diabetes: cross-sectional data from the German diabetes documentation and quality management system (DPV)","volume":"29","author":"Schwab","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-1959","article-title":"Most youth with type 1 diabetes in the T1D Exchange Clinic Registry do not meet American Diabetes Association or International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes clinical guidelines","volume":"36","author":"Wood","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.05.046","article-title":"Obesity in youth with type 1 diabetes in Germany, Austria, and the United States","volume":"167","author":"DuBose","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-018-3224-9","article-title":"Evolution of body mass index in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"177","author":"De Keukelaere","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12730","article-title":"Prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: data from the international SWEET registry","volume":"19","author":"Maffeis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12582","article-title":"Longitudinal trajectories of BMI z-score: an international comparison of 11,513 Australian, American and German\/Austrian\/Luxembourgian youth with type 1 diabetes","volume":"15","author":"Phelan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Obes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2018-000625","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk factors from diagnosis in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a longitudinal cohort study","volume":"7","author":"Jones","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0055","first-page":"693","article-title":"Trends in prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors from 2002 to 2012 among youth early in the course of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study","volume":"20","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.13444","article-title":"ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: microvascular and macrovascular complications in children and adolescents with diabetes","volume":"23","author":"Bjornstad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice C. 14. Children and Adolescents: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2024. Diabetes Care 2024;47(Suppl. 1):S258\u201381.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-S014"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2009.00519.x","article-title":"Prevalence of overweight and obesity in youth with diabetes in USA: the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-2335","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic minority youth with recent-onset type 1 diabetes have poor prognostic factors","volume":"41","author":"Redondo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2023-003968","article-title":"Child Opportunity Index and clinical characteristics at diabetes diagnosis in youth: type 1 diabetes versus type 2 diabetes","volume":"12","author":"Hoyek","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.11.7.567","article-title":"Weight gain associated with intensive therapy in the diabetes control and complications trial","volume":"11","year":"1988","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-2523","article-title":"Impact of excessive weight gain on cardiovascular outcomes in type 1 diabetes: results from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial\/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT\/EDIC) Study","volume":"40","author":"Purnell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-2723","article-title":"Risk of severe hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes over 30 years of follow-up in the DCCT\/EDIC study","volume":"40","author":"Gubitosi-Klug","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13963","article-title":"The continuing quest for better subcutaneously administered prandial insulins: a review of recent developments and potential clinical implications","volume":"22","author":"Owens","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-0172","article-title":"Multicenter trial of a tubeless, on-body automated insulin delivery system with customizable glycemic targets in pediatric and adult participants with type 1 diabetes","volume":"44","author":"Brown","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2021.0097","article-title":"One year real-world use of the Control-IQ advanced hybrid closed-loop technology","volume":"23","author":"Breton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-022-00996-7","article-title":"Glycemic outcomes of Advanced Hybrid Closed Loop system in children and adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes, previously treated with Multiple Daily Injections (MiniMed 780G system in T1D individuals, previously treated with MDI)","volume":"22","author":"Petrovski","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2023.0337","article-title":"Real-world glycemic outcomes with early omnipod 5 use in youth with type 1 diabetes","volume":"25","author":"Marks","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14863","article-title":"Real-world prospective observational single-centre study: hybrid closed loop improves HbA1c, time-in-range and quality of life for children, young people and their carers","volume":"39","author":"Ng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-024-03396-x","article-title":"Long-term assessment of the NHS hybrid closed-loop real-world study on glycaemic outcomes, time-in-range, and quality of life in children and young people with type 1 diabetes","volume":"22","author":"Ng","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2023.0450","article-title":"Hybrid closed loop systems improve glycemic control and quality of life in historically minoritized youth with diabetes","volume":"26","author":"Marks","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13887","article-title":"The impact of using a closed-loop system on food choices and eating practices among people with Type 1 diabetes: a qualitative study involving adults, teenagers and parents","volume":"36","author":"Lawton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e143","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-0204","article-title":"Insulin omission for weight loss in a female adolescent treated with advanced hybrid closed-loop system: a word of caution","volume":"46","author":"Levek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0150","unstructured":"\u201cChild Opportunity Index 3.0 database, 2010 census tracts,\u201d retrieved from https:\/\/data.diversitydatakids.org\/dataset\/coi30-2010-tracts-child-opportunity-index-3-0-database--2010-census-tracts?_external=True. Accessed 08\/13\/2024."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0155","unstructured":"Noelke C, McArdle N, DeVoe B, Leonardos M, Lu Y, Ressler RW, et al. Child opportunity index 3.0 technical documentation. diversitydatakids.org. Brandeis University; 2024. Retrieved from diversitydatakids.org\/research-library\/coi-30-technical-documentation. Accessed 08\/13\/2024."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Committee ADAPP. 2. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes: standards of care in diabetes\u20142024. Diabetes Care 2023;47(Suppl. 1):S20\u201342.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-S002"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2024.0027","article-title":"Shifts in child health behaviors and obesity after COVID-19","volume":"178","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2011.09.014","article-title":"Food insecurity is related to glycemic control deterioration in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"31","author":"Bawadi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1177\/00099228231222987","article-title":"Screening for food insecurity in a pediatric diabetes program: provider and parent\/guardian perspectives","volume":"63","author":"Frim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2016.0421","article-title":"Glucose outcomes with the in-home use of a hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery system in adolescents and adults with type 1 diabetes","volume":"19","author":"Garg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-0635","article-title":"Hybrid closed-loop therapy in adults with type 1 diabetes and above-target HbA1c: a real-world observational study","volume":"46","author":"Crabtree","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"10155","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31947-0","article-title":"Closed-loop insulin delivery in suboptimally controlled type 1 diabetes: a multicentre, 12-week randomised trial","volume":"392","author":"Tauschmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1036808","article-title":"Body mass index, basal insulin and glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes treated with the advanced hybrid closed loop system remain stable - 1-year prospective, observational, two-center study","volume":"13","author":"Seget","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.26444\/aaem\/161289","article-title":"Lack of major impact of implementation of the Advanced Hybrid Closed Loop System in technologically-naive patients with Type 1 Diabetes mellitus on their food choices or weight - a one year follow-up","volume":"30","author":"Krzyzowska","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Agric Environ Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(91)80085-Z","article-title":"Epidemiology of severe hypoglycemia in the diabetes control and complications trial. The DCCT Research Group","volume":"90","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.46.2.271","article-title":"Hypoglycemia in the diabetes control and complications trial","volume":"46","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.2337\/cd22-0073","article-title":"Factors associated with achieving target alC in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: findings from the T1D exchange quality improvement collaborative","volume":"41","author":"Demeterco-Berggren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Diabetes"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.13274","article-title":"Association of the use of diabetes technology with HbA1c and BMI-SDS in an international cohort of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: the SWEET project experience","volume":"22","author":"Marigliano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12166","article-title":"A decade of temporal trends in overweight\/obesity in youth with type 1 diabetes after the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial","volume":"16","author":"Baskaran","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2019.107513","article-title":"Overweight and obese children with optimal control in the T1D Exchange Registry: how are they different from lean children with optimal control?","volume":"34","author":"Flokas","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2019.0105","article-title":"A clinical guide to advanced diabetes devices and closed-loop systems using the CARES paradigm","volume":"21","author":"Messer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"issue":"8 Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S30","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e31829b1dbd","article-title":"Caveats for the use of operational electronic health record data in comparative effectiveness research","volume":"51","author":"Hersh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(24)00316-4","article-title":"Definition and diagnostic criteria of clinical obesity","author":"Rubino","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041_b0250","unstructured":"EASO Secretariat. EASO response to The Lancet Commission report on obesity diagnosis and management. EASO. January 24, 2025. Accessed January 30, 2025. https:\/\/easo.org\/easo-response-to-the-lancet-commission-report-on-obesity-diagnosis-and-management\/."}],"container-title":["Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168822725000555?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168822725000555?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:56:29Z","timestamp":1777510589000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168822725000555"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S0168822725000555"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-8227"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-8227","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sociodemographic inequities and use of hybrid closed-loop systems associated with obesity in youth with type 1 diabetes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112041","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"112041"}}