{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T17:28:09Z","timestamp":1786987689572,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":329,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000041","name":"American Diabetes Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23DK122126"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DK122126"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R03DK140420"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03DK140420"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","diabetesresearchclinicalpractice.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T11:39:22Z","timestamp":1750333162000},"page":"112331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Trends of lower-limb complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus during the COVID-19 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"226","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0233-2044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan Y.","family":"Luu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8689-6391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander T.","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4448-678X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Forest","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9203-1899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia-Ding","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sukgu M.","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David G.","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6658-9482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tze-Woei","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4577","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20054577","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare utilization among patients with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus: a systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Amsah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-17921-3","article-title":"COVID-19 pandemic-related healthcare interruptions and diabetes distress: a national study of US adults with diabetes","volume":"24","author":"Saseetharran","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"29","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000029458","article-title":"Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on regular clinic visits and medication prescriptions among people with diabetes: retrospective cohort analysis of health care claims","volume":"101","author":"Maeda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-1596","article-title":"Foot Ulcer and risk of lower limb amputation or death in people with diabetes: a national population-based retrospective cohort study","volume":"45","author":"Chamberlain","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8866126","article-title":"Amputations of lower limb in subjects with diabetes mellitus: reasons and 30-day mortality","volume":"2021","author":"Walicka","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.2337\/dci22-0043","article-title":"Etiology, epidemiology, and disparities in the burden of diabetic foot ulcers","volume":"46","author":"McDermott","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diab Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14151","article-title":"Foot ulceration and its association with mortality in diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Saluja","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabet Med J Br Diabet Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.10578","article-title":"Diabetic foot ulcers: a review","volume":"330","author":"Armstrong","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3S","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2015.10.003","article-title":"The management of diabetic foot: a clinical practice guideline by the society for vascular surgery in collaboration with the american podiatric medical association and the society for vascular medicine","volume":"63","author":"Hingorani","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-004-1463-y","article-title":"The diabetic foot: from art to science. The 18th Camillo Golgi lecture","volume":"47","author":"Boulton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetologia."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.13130","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the rate of lower limb amputation in Veterans","volume":"16","author":"Falbo","year":"2024","journal-title":"PM R"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-1176","article-title":"Saving the diabetic foot during the COVID-19 pandemic: a tale of two cities","volume":"43","author":"Shin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diab Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rogers LC, Lavery LA, Joseph WS, Armstrong DG. All Feet on Deck: The Role of Podiatry During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Preventing Hospitalizations in an Overburdened Health-Care System, Reducing Amputation and Death in People with Diabetes. 2023 Mar 1 [cited 2025 Feb 28]; Available from: https:\/\/japmaonline.org\/view\/journals\/apms\/113\/2\/20-051.xml.","DOI":"10.7547\/20-051"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1313","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001251","article-title":"2024 ACC\/AHA\/AACVPR\/APMA\/ABC\/SCAI\/SVM\/SVN\/SVS\/SIR\/VESS Guideline for the management of lower extremity peripheral artery disease: a report of the American college of cardiology\/American heart association joint committee on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"149","author":"Gornik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-2495","article-title":"The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ethnic minority groups with diabetes","volume":"46","author":"Khunti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diab Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2024.03.446","article-title":"Analysis of Oklahoma amputation trends and identification of risk factors to target areas for limb preservation interventions","volume":"80","author":"Kempe","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2453","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-0586","article-title":"National and state-level trends in nontraumatic lower-extremity amputation among U.S. Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes, 2000-20","volume":"43","author":"Harding","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diab Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.2337\/dci24-0022","article-title":"Trends and inequalities in diabetes-related complications among U.S. adults, 2000-2020","volume":"48","author":"Saelee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diab Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331_b0095","unstructured":"A global federated real-world data and analytics platform for research - PMC [Internet]. [cited 2025 Feb 19]. Available from: https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10182857\/."},{"issue":"7624","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39335.541782.AD","article-title":"Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"335","author":"von Elm","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1177\/0081175020982632","article-title":"Reconsidering the reference category","volume":"51","author":"Johfre","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sociol Methodol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2024.0046","article-title":"Longitudinal trends and disparities in diabetic retinopathy within an aggregate health care network","volume":"142","author":"Markle","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331_b0115","unstructured":"Howlader N, Cheng HS, Miller D, Byrne J, Noone A, Cronin K, et al. How to Handle 2020 and 2021 Incidence Rates in the Joinpoint Trend Model?."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7133","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20237133","article-title":"Long- and short-term trends in outpatient attendance by speciality in Japan: a joinpoint regression analysis in the context of the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"20","author":"Takeda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-1743","article-title":"Temporal trends in incident hospitalization for diabetes-related foot ulcer in type 2 diabetes: the fremantle diabetes study","volume":"44","author":"Hamilton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diab Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-1380","article-title":"Resurgence of diabetes-related nontraumatic lower-extremity amputation in the young and middle-aged Adult U.S","volume":"42","author":"Geiss","year":"2019","journal-title":"Popul Diab Care"},{"issue":"169","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.12.052","article-title":"Pandemic-associated delays in myocardial infarction presentation in predominantly rural counties with Low COVID-19 prevalence","volume":"15","author":"McNamara","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9818","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19169818","article-title":"Prevalence, causes, and adverse clinical Impact of delayed presentation of Non-COVID-19-related emergencies during the COVID-19 pandemic: findings from a multicenter observational study","volume":"19","author":"Alshahrani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331_b0145","first-page":"139","article-title":"Disparities in cancer stage shifts associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic in California, 2020 to 2021","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev Publ Am Assoc Cancer Res Cosponsored Am Soc Prev Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30388-0","article-title":"The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer deaths due to delays in diagnosis in England, UK: a national, population-based, modelling study","volume":"21","author":"Maringe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-1644","article-title":"Trends in peripheral artery disease, lower-extremity revascularization, and lower-extremity amputation in incident type 2 diabetes: a danish population-based cohort study","volume":"48","author":"Gyldenkerne","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2336","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-2693","article-title":"Racial disparities in health care with timing to amputation following diabetic foot ulcer","volume":"45","author":"Miller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diab Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-3135","article-title":"Racial, rural, and regional disparities in diabetes-related lower-extremity amputation rates, 2009-2017","volume":"44","author":"Akinlotan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diab Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16746-w","article-title":"Inability to get needed health care during the COVID-19 pandemic among a nationally representative, diverse population of U.S. adults with and without chronic conditions","volume":"23","author":"Ponce","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.24984","article-title":"Changes in health services use among commercially insured US populations during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"3","author":"Whaley","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108355","article-title":"Access to care by Medicare beneficiaries in the U.S. with diabetes and multiple chronic conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"36","author":"Clements","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Diab Complicat"},{"issue":"46","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7046a2","article-title":"Health care access and use among adults with diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic - United States, February-March 2021","volume":"70","author":"Czeisler","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3827","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19073827","article-title":"Breakdown of diabetic foot ulcer care during the first year of the pandemic in poland: a retrospective national cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Kleibert","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000004677","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the outcomes in patients with critical limb threatening ischaemia and diabetic foot infection","volume":"275","author":"Zayed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1304436","article-title":"Vascular service provision during the COVID-19 pandemic worsened major amputation rates in socially deprived diabetic populations","volume":"15","author":"AlMajali","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168822725003456?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168822725003456?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T21:02:28Z","timestamp":1753909348000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168822725003456"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0168822725003456"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-8227"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-8227","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Trends of lower-limb complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus during the COVID-19 pandemic","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112331","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"112331"}}