{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T07:15:47Z","timestamp":1793690147571,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","diabetesresearchclinicalpractice.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T02:22:49Z","timestamp":1762482169000},"page":"112989","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Inflammation and abnormal glucose-lipid metabolism are critical for population stratification toward progressive frailty in Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"230","author":[{"given":"Chong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjin","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0521-7044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingwu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02379-9","article-title":"Association of metabolic syndrome severity with frailty progression among chinese middle and old-aged adults: a longitudinal study","volume":"23","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S147","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae817","article-title":"Glycemic, Cardiorenal, and Weight Implications on Noninsulin Pharmacotherapy for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"110","author":"Fetzner","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17050776","article-title":"Nutrition and Lifestyle Interventions in Managing Dyslipidemia and Cardiometabolic Risk","volume":"17","author":"Berisha","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2565","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612826666200213123029","article-title":"Inflammatory Related Cardiovascular Diseases: from Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Targets","volume":"26","author":"Sardu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.70134","article-title":"Association of Abnormal Glucose Metabolism and Inflammation with Prognosis in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-25-0017","article-title":"Relative Hyperglycemia and In-Hospital Bleeding across Glycemic Status in patients on High-Intensity Antithrombotic Therapy","volume":"89","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2023.12.010","article-title":"The potential role of the triglyceride-glucose index in left ventricular systolic function and in-hospital outcomes for patients with acute myocardial infarction","volume":"117","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1007\/s12265-014-9545-9","article-title":"Impact of diabetes mellitus on the clinical response to cardiac resynchronization therapy in elderly people","volume":"7","author":"Sardu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Transl Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2020.08.028","article-title":"Pre-Menopausal Breast Fat Density Might Predict MACE during 10 Years of Follow-up: the BRECARD Study","volume":"14","author":"Sardu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol Img"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2024.12.015","article-title":"Predictive value of remnant cholesterol inflammatory index for stroke risk: evidence from the China health and Retirement Longitudinal study","volume":"76","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-022-01511-x","article-title":"Triglyceride-glucose index as a marker in cardiovascular diseases: landscape and limitations","volume":"21","author":"Tao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afx023","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance are associated with frailty in older adults: a prospective cohort study","volume":"46","author":"P\u00e9rez-Tasigchana","year":"2017","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13040475","article-title":"Inflammation and Oxidative stress in Frailty and Metabolic Syndromes-two Sides of the same Coin","volume":"13","author":"Dzi\u0119gielewska-G\u0119siak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-021-02022-7","article-title":"Inflammatory biomarkers in older adults with frailty: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies","volume":"34","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001186","article-title":"A Synopsis of the evidence for the Science and Clinical Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome: a Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"148","author":"Ndumele","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001191","article-title":"Novel Prediction Equations for absolute Risk Assessment of Total Cardiovascular Disease Incorporating Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Health: a Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"148","author":"Khan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-025-01649-0","article-title":"Abdominal obesity and frailty progression in population across different Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic syndrome stages: a nationwide longitudinal study","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1114248","article-title":"Estimating glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine and cystatin C","volume":"367","author":"Inker","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001184","article-title":"Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Health: a Presidential Advisory from the American Heart Association","volume":"148","author":"Ndumele","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-8-24","article-title":"A standard procedure for creating a frailty index","volume":"8","author":"Searle","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13169","article-title":"Associations of metabolic heterogeneity of obesity with frailty progression: results from two prospective cohorts","volume":"14","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-025-02597-9","article-title":"Association between non-insulin-based insulin resistance indicators and frailty progression: a national cohort study and mendelian randomization analysis","volume":"24","author":"Tian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-02002-3","article-title":"Association of triglyceride-glucose index trajectory and frailty in urban older residents: evidence from the 10-year follow-up in a cohort study","volume":"22","author":"Yuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2023.05.010","article-title":"Dual elevated remnant cholesterol and C-reactive protein in myocardial infarction, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and mortality","volume":"379","author":"Doi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131946","article-title":"Investigating the impact of remnant cholesterol on new-onset stroke across diverse inflammation levels: Insights from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS)","volume":"405","author":"Xiong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2022.09.005","article-title":"Association between remnant lipoprotein cholesterol, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)","volume":"16","author":"Chevli","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2016.08.006","article-title":"Inflammation and frailty in the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Soysal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-024-04836-2","article-title":"Unraveling the relationship between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and frailty: evidence from longitudinal cohort study and genetic analysis","volume":"24","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwad173","article-title":"Insulin resistance drives cognitive impairment in hypertensive pre-diabetic frail elders: the CENTENNIAL study","volume":"30","author":"Mone","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0149731","article-title":"Triglyceride Glucose-Body Mass Index is a simple and Clinically Useful Surrogate Marker for Insulin Resistance in Nondiabetic individuals","volume":"11","author":"Er","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.14283\/jfa.2024.37","article-title":"Inflammation, Frailty, and Aspirin Use in the Physicians' Health Study: a pilot Study","volume":"13","author":"Gewurz","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Frailty Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0807646","article-title":"Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein","volume":"359","author":"Ridker","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989_b0165","article-title":"Role of Echocardiography in Detecting Left Ventricular Dysfunction among Diabetic patients: a Clinical and Biochemical Perspective","volume":"17","author":"Siripuram","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989_b0170","first-page":"294","article-title":"Effect of PCSK9 Inhibitors on regulators of Lipoprotein Homeostasis","volume":"13","author":"Lunar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inflammation and Coagulation Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1097\/HCO.0000000000001215","article-title":"Elevated C-reactive protein and cardiovascular risk","volume":"40","author":"Chia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-023-02781-2","article-title":"SGLT-2 inhibitors and in-stent restenosis-related events after acute myocardial infarction: an observational study in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"21","author":"Marfella","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110766","article-title":"Impact of SGLT2-inhibitors on contrast-induced acute kidney injury in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction with and without chronic kidney disease: Insight from SGLT2-I AMI PROTECT registry","volume":"202","author":"Paolisso","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/s13167-025-00412-9","article-title":"Vision transformer-based stratification of pre\/diabetic and pre\/hypertensive patients from retinal photographs for 3PM applications","volume":"16","author":"Pushpanathan","year":"2025","journal-title":"EPMA J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1007\/s13167-023-00347-z","article-title":"Diabetes, glycemic control and arterial stiffness: a real-world cohort study in the context of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine","volume":"14","author":"Cui","year":"2023","journal-title":"EPMA J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s13167-024-00364-6","article-title":"Digital biomarkers: 3PM approach revolutionizing chronic disease management - EPMA 2024 position","volume":"15","author":"Smokovski","year":"2024","journal-title":"EPMA J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s13167-023-00314-8","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy as the leading cause of blindness and early predictor of cascading complications-risks and mitigation","volume":"14","author":"Kropp","year":"2023","journal-title":"EPMA J"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168822725010034?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168822725010034?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T04:54:02Z","timestamp":1781067242000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168822725010034"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S0168822725010034"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-8227"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-8227","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Inflammation and abnormal glucose-lipid metabolism are critical for population stratification toward progressive frailty in Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic syndrome","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112989","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"112989"}}