{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T03:11:58Z","timestamp":1769742718686,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023273","name":"HRB Clinical Research Facility Galway","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023273","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010414","name":"Health Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010414","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001602","name":"Taighde \u00c9ireann - Research Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19\/FFP\/7002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19\/FFP\/7002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","diabetesresearchclinicalpractice.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.113070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]],"date-time":"2025-12-21T15:34:07Z","timestamp":1766331247000},"page":"113070","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Prediction of time to insulin initiation in gestational diabetes mellitus: a secondary analysis of the EMERGE trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"231","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2066-4050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yueyun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5011-9008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Alvarez-Iglesias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0379-9279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aoife M.","family":"Egan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3320-8292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Smyth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8008-996X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David Aguilar","family":"Macias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9393-7075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Declan","family":"Devane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fidelma","family":"Dunne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"O\u2019Donnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"O\u2019Shea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paddy","family":"Gillespie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Simpkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.113070_b0005","series-title":"Diagnostic criteria and classification of hyperglycaemia first detected in pregnancy","first-page":"62","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria and classification of hyperglycaemia first detected in pregnancy","author":"World Health O","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.113070_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60515-8","article-title":"Gestational diabetes: the need for a common ground","volume":"373","author":"Reece","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.113070_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2150-4","article-title":"Atlantic Diabetes in Pregnancy (DIP): the prevalence and outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus using new diagnostic criteria","volume":"54","author":"O\u2019Sullivan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.113070_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2019.303990","article-title":"Hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes","volume":"65","author":"Metzger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.113070_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S232","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-S015","article-title":"15. Management of diabetes in pregnancy: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes\u20142022","volume":"45","author":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice C","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diab Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.113070_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S98","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-S009","article-title":"9. Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment: standards of medical care in diabetes\u20142020","volume":"43","author":"American","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.113070_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-03449-y","article-title":"The timing of initiation of pharmacotherapy for women with gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"20","author":"Harrison","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Pregn Childbirth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.113070_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1177\/1753495X211014716","article-title":"The role of continuous glucose monitoring in pregnancy","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obst Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.113070_b0045","first-page":"381","article-title":"Risk factors that can predict antenatal insulin need in gestational diabetes","volume":"5","author":"Bakiner","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.113070_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2009.12.023","article-title":"Factors predicting the need for insulin therapy in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"88","author":"Sapienza","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.113070_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4858976","article-title":"Factors in gestational diabetes mellitus predicting the needs for insulin therapy","volume":"2016","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.113070_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/s41387-021-00173-0","article-title":"Prediction of insulin treatment in women with gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"11","author":"Eleftheriades","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutr Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.113070_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-023-05746-8","article-title":"Predicting insulin use among women with gestational diabetes diagnosed in oral glucose tolerance test","volume":"23","author":"Zaccara","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.113070_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-016-4047-8","article-title":"A novel validated model for the prediction of insulin therapy initiation and adverse perinatal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"59","author":"Barnes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.113070_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S310866","article-title":"Estimating the risk of insulin requirement in women complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus: a clinical nomogram","author":"Du","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diab Metab Synd Obesity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.113070_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.19869","article-title":"Early metformin in gestational diabetes: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"330","author":"Dunne","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.113070_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-022-06694-y","article-title":"A randomised placebo-controlled trial of the effectiveness of early metformin in addition to usual care in the reduction of gestational diabetes mellitus effects (EMERGE): study protocol","volume":"23","author":"Dunne","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.113070_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwy018","article-title":"Landmark models for optimizing the use of repeated measurements of risk factors in electronic health records to predict future disease risk","volume":"187","author":"Paige","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.113070_b0095","first-page":"147","article-title":"Principal components analysis for functional data","author":"Ramsay","year":"2005","journal-title":"Funct Data Anal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.113070_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ishwaran H, Kogalur UB, Blackstone EH, Lauer MS. Random survival forests. 2008.","DOI":"10.1214\/08-AOAS169"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.113070_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X06295361","article-title":"Decision curve analysis: a novel method for evaluating prediction models","volume":"26","author":"Vickers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Decis Making"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.113070_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2010.2703","article-title":"Interventions for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Oostdam","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Womens Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.113070_b0115","article-title":"Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes","author":"Brown","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.113070_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-159-2-201307160-00661","article-title":"Benefits and harms of treating gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis for the US Preventive Services Task Force and the National Institutes of Health Office of Medical applications of Research","volume":"159","author":"Hartling","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.113070_b0125","article-title":"Effect of treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Poolsup","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.113070_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-12-71","article-title":"Health care costs associated with gestational diabetes mellitus among high-risk women\u2013results from a randomised trial","volume":"12","author":"Kolu","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.113070_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000129239.82126.a1","article-title":"Undiagnosed asymptomatic hypoglycemia: diet, insulin, and glyburide for gestational diabetic pregnancy","volume":"104","author":"Yogev","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.113070_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 190 Summary: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Obstet Gynecol 2018;131:406-408.","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002498"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016882272501085X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016882272501085X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T14:19:28Z","timestamp":1769696368000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S016882272501085X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["S016882272501085X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.113070","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-8227"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-8227","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prediction of time to insulin initiation in gestational diabetes mellitus: a secondary analysis of the EMERGE trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.113070","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"113070"}}