{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T09:10:25Z","timestamp":1779095425141,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,2]],"date-time":"2027-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801526400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":338,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003625","name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HR20C0026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HR20C0026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003625","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DMS 2401921"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMS 2401921"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000056","name":"National Institute of Nursing Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022H1D3A2A01063552"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022H1D3A2A01063552"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000056","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009819","name":"Busan Metropolitan City","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009819","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100030692","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100030692","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018688","name":"Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018688","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","diabetesresearchclinicalpractice.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T17:25:30Z","timestamp":1769707530000},"page":"113131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A novel disposition index without insulin is an earlier and sensitive predictor of type 2 diabetes than current diagnostic criteria"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"233","author":[{"given":"Soree","family":"Ryang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6715-0447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinmi","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minsoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2758-9461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myungsoo","family":"Im","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9289-355X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doohwa","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yeong Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyuk","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"In Joo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6989-0417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephane T.","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2589-2976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Bergman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8372-5941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arthur","family":"Sherman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4173-2534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joon","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113131_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S19","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-S002","article-title":"2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2023","volume":"46","author":"ElSayed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113131_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2024.111589","article-title":"International Diabetes Federation Position Statement on the 1-hour post-load plasma glucose for the diagnosis of intermediate hyperglycaemia and type 2 diabetes","volume":"209","author":"Bergman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113131_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-019-4968-0","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic differences in the burden of type 2 diabetes over the life course: a focus on the USA and India","volume":"62","author":"Golden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113131_b0020","article-title":"A Mathematical Model-Derived Disposition Index without Insulin Validated in Youth with Obesity","author":"Ha","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113131_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyx105","article-title":"Cohort Profile: the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) Consortium","volume":"46","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113131_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00336-8","article-title":"10-year trajectory of \u03b2-cell function and insulin sensitivity in the development of type 2 diabetes: a community-based prospective cohort study","volume":"4","author":"Ohn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113131_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa078","article-title":"Dietary patterns related to cardiovascular disease based on reduced rank regression analysis of healthy middle-aged Koreans: data from the community-based Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) cohort","volume":"111","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113131_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499","article-title":"Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge","volume":"18","author":"Friedewald","year":"1972","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113131_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.18.2.245","article-title":"The use of areas under curves in diabetes research","volume":"18","author":"Allison","year":"1995","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113131_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.9.1462","article-title":"Insulin sensitivity indices obtained from oral glucose tolerance testing: comparison with the euglycemic insulin clamp","volume":"22","author":"Matsuda","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113131_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI105534","article-title":"Insulin secretion in response to glycemic stimulus: relation of delayed initial release to carbohydrate intolerance in mild diabetes mellitus","volume":"46","author":"Seltzer","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113131_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883","article-title":"Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man","volume":"28","author":"Matthews","year":"1985","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113131_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae582","article-title":"A Mathematical Model-Derived Disposition Index without Insulin Validated in Youth with Obesity","volume":"110","author":"Ha","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113131_b0070","first-page":"E667","article-title":"Quantitative estimation of insulin sensitivity","volume":"236","author":"Bergman","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113131_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.2000.2150","article-title":"A model of beta-cell mass, insulin, and glucose kinetics: pathways to diabetes","volume":"206","author":"Topp","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113131_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.2307\/2531595","article-title":"Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: a nonparametric approach","volume":"44","author":"DeLong","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113131_b0085","article-title":"Superiority of 1 h plasma glucose vs fasting plasma glucose, 2 h plasma glucose and HbA(1c) for the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113131_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2024.111938","article-title":"High one-hour plasma glucose is an intermediate risk state and an early predictor of type 2 diabetes in a longitudinal Korean cohort","volume":"219","author":"Im","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168822726000501?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168822726000501?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T08:41:51Z","timestamp":1779093711000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168822726000501"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":18,"alternative-id":["S0168822726000501"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113131","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-8227"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-8227","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A novel disposition index without insulin is an earlier and sensitive predictor of type 2 diabetes than current diagnostic criteria","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113131","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"113131"}}