{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T10:48:35Z","timestamp":1792147715779,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","diabetesresearchclinicalpractice.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T15:18:09Z","timestamp":1791818289000},"page":"113607","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Automated detection of inflammation in foot thermographic images of patients with diabetes acquired in an uncontrolled clinical environment"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"242","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4241-0150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riki","family":"Wartakusumah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Noguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saldy","family":"Yusuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8876-4918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kanae","family":"Mukai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9244-3615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mayumi","family":"Okuwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4433-1608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makoto","family":"Oe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113607_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3268","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3268","article-title":"Definitions and criteria for diabetic foot disease","volume":"36","author":"Van Netten","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113607_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2016.1231932","article-title":"Global epidemiology of diabetic foot ulceration: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113607_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4236\/ojn.2016.61001","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factor of diabetic foot ulcers in a regional hospital, Eastern Indonesia","volume":"6","author":"Yusuf","year":"2016","journal-title":"Open J Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113607_b0020","unstructured":"International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot. IWGDF Guidelines on the prevention and management of diabetic foot disease. 2019. Available from: https:\/\/iwgdfguidelines.org\/."},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113607_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2231","article-title":"Coming events cast their shadows before: detecting inflammation in the acute diabetic foot and the foot in remission","volume":"28","author":"Bharara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113607_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2007.06.028","article-title":"Skin temperature monitoring reduces the risk for diabetic foot ulceration in high-risk patients","volume":"120","author":"Armstrong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113607_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6579\/38\/1\/33","article-title":"Thermal symmetry of healthy feet: a precursor to a thermal study of diabetic feet prior to skin breakdown","volume":"38","author":"Macdonald","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol Meas"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113607_b0040","first-page":"261","article-title":"Association between elevated skin temperature of the foot callus and inflammatory marker in people with diabetes","volume":"26","author":"Tsuruoka","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Jpn WOCM"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113607_b0045","article-title":"Use of infrared thermal imaging for assessing acute inflammatory changes: a case series","volume":"14","author":"Ramirez-GarciaLuna","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113607_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smhl.2024.100502","article-title":"Towards accurate diabetic foot ulcer image classification: leveraging CNN pre-trained features and extreme learning machine","volume":"33","author":"Arnia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Smart Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113607_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infrared.2014.06.001","article-title":"Application of infrared thermography in computer aided diagnosis","volume":"66","author":"Faust","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infrared Phys Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113607_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.3390\/s20061762","article-title":"Deep learning classification for diabetic foot thermograms","volume":"20","author":"Cruz-Vega","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sensors."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113607_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14152","article-title":"Infrared thermography and ulcer prevention in the high-risk diabetic foot: data from a single-blind multicentre controlled clinical trial","volume":"37","author":"Petrova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113607_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.3390\/s23020757","article-title":"Feature ranking by variational dropout for classification using thermograms from diabetic foot ulcers","volume":"23","author":"Hernandez-Guedes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113607_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1007\/s42600-022-00217-z","article-title":"Design and comparison of machine learning-based computer-aided diagnostic techniques to aid diagnosis of diabetes and detection of ulcer-prone regions in the feet using thermograms","volume":"38","author":"Balasenthilkumaran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res Biomed Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113607_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bayareh Mancilla R, Daul C, Guti\u00e9rrez Mart\u00ednez J, Leija Salas L, Wolf D, Vera Hern\u00e1ndez A. A quantitative method for the detection of temperature differences on the sole of the foot in diabetic patients. 2021 Global Medical Engineering Physics Exchanges\/Pan American Health Care Exchanges (GMEPE\/PAHCE). 2021:1\u20135.","DOI":"10.1109\/GMEPE\/PAHCE50215.2021.9434852"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113607_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112446","article-title":"Analysis of foot thermography images of diabetic patients using artificial intelligence: a scoping review","volume":"228","author":"Wartakusumah","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113607_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infrared.2020.103187","article-title":"Automatic detection of risk zones in diabetic foot soles by processing thermographic images taken in an uncontrolled environment","volume":"105","author":"Maldonado","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infrared Phys Technol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113607_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1080\/03091902.2022.2077997","article-title":"Diabetic foot thermal image segmentation using Double Encoder-ResUnet (DE-ResUnet)","volume":"46","author":"Bouallal","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Med Eng Technol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113607_b0095","article-title":"Quantitative interpretation of infrared images of lower limbs in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"30","author":"Fuentes-Oliver","year":"2024","journal-title":"Skin Res Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113607_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0173193","article-title":"Classification of healthy and diabetic mellitus individuals by extracted textural features from left plantar thermograms and classifying using SVM and NB classifiers","volume":"2822","author":"Mounika","year":"2023","journal-title":"AIP Conf Proc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113607_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.12785\/ijcds\/090421","article-title":"Automated classification of the diabetic foot using comprehensive encoding and feature transform techniques","volume":"9","author":"Prabhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Com Dig Sys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113607_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/284294","article-title":"Screening for osteomyelitis using thermography in patients with diabetic foot","volume":"2013","author":"Oe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ulcers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113607_b0115","unstructured":"Ultralytics. YOLO11. Ultralytics Docs. Accessed July 7, 2026. https:\/\/docs.ultralytics.com\/models\/yolo11\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113607_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoiem D, Chodpathumwan Y, Dai Q. Diagnosing error in object detectors. In: Computer Vision \u2013 ECCV 2012. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 7574. Springer; 2012:340\u2013353.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-33712-3_25"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113607_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asare-Baiden M, Sonenblum SE, Jordan K, Chung A, Gichoya JW, Hertzberg VS, et al. A feasibility study of thermography for detecting pressure injuries across diverse skin tones. medRxiv. 2024:2024.10.14.24315465.","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.10.14.24315465"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113607_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.displa.2024.102939","article-title":"Effect of color palette and text encoding on infrared thermal imaging perception with various screen resolution accuracy","volume":"87","author":"Tian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Displays"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113607_b0135","first-page":"242","article-title":"Automatic ulcer detection scheme using gray scale histogram from wireless capsule endoscopy","author":"Kundu","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Int WIE Conf Electr Comput Eng (WIECON-ECE)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113607_b0140","first-page":"170","article-title":"A proposal of a standard rainbow false color scale for thermal medical images","author":"Vardasca","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc 2014 Int Conf Quant InfraRed Thermogr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113607_b0145","first-page":"2255","article-title":"A systematic review of YOLO-based object detection in medical imaging: advances, challenges, and future directions","volume":"85","author":"Cai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput Mater Contin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113607_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2022.08.130","article-title":"A novel detection method for hot spots of photovoltaic (PV) panels using improved anchors and prediction heads of YOLOv5 network","volume":"8","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Energy Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113607_b0155","first-page":"59","article-title":"Automatic monitoring and detection of hot spot on photovoltaic panel based on YOLOv5","author":"Khang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Conf Adv Comput Anal (ACOMPA)"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168822726005279?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168822726005279?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T10:14:43Z","timestamp":1792145683000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168822726005279"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["S0168822726005279"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113607","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-8227"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-8227","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Automated detection of inflammation in foot thermographic images of patients with diabetes acquired in an uncontrolled clinical environment","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2026.113607","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"113607"}}