{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T04:58:05Z","timestamp":1780549085391,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T01:35:01Z","timestamp":1761183301000},"page":"117165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in the precise and rapid diagnosis of spinal infections"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Shuang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiezhong","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinyue","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanzhu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongrong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianzhong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0662-4490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zehua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117165_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000244662.78725.37","article-title":"Nontuberculous pyogenic spinal infection in adults: a 12-year experience from a tertiary referral center","volume":"31","author":"Butler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117165_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000544","article-title":"Update on spinal epidural abscess","volume":"32","author":"Babic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117165_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inat.2021.101465","article-title":"Surgical management of spontaneous spinal epidural abscess: case report and review of the literature","volume":"28","author":"Dokponou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Interdiscipl. Neurosurg.: Adv. Techniq. Case Managem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117165_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-017-0405-9","article-title":"Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO): presentation, pathogenesis, and treatment","volume":"15","author":"Hofmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Osteoporos. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117165_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20230551","article-title":"The advancement of MRI in differentiating modic type I degenerative changes from early spinal infections","volume":"96","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br. J. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117165_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4220","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-023-07707-3","article-title":"Pathogen detection in suspected spinal infection: metagenomic next-generation sequencing versus culture","volume":"32","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117165_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6040308","article-title":"Multiplex PCR based strategy for detection of fungal pathogen DNA in patients with suspected invasive fungal infections","volume":"6","author":"Carvalho-Pereira","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Fungi. (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117165_bib0020","first-page":"29","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess: a review highlighting early diagnosis and management","volume":"3","author":"Tetsuka","year":"2020","journal-title":"JMa J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117165_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.19.01490","article-title":"Sustained postoperative fever without evident cause after spine instrumentation as an indicator of surgical site infection","volume":"102","author":"Hwang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117165_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3356","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11123356","article-title":"Recurrence rates and its associated factors after early Spinal instrumentation for pyogenic spondylodiscitis: a nationwide cohort study of 2148 patients","volume":"11","author":"Lim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117165_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7613","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S435466","article-title":"Diagnostic efficacy of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in patients with spinal infections: a retrospective study","volume":"16","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117165_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.14218\/ERHM.2021.00014","article-title":"Metagenomic next-generation sequencing: application in infectious diseases","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Explor. Res. Hypothesis. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117165_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1117987","article-title":"Diagnostic value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in sepsis and bloodstream infection","volume":"13","author":"Qin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117165_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-024-01806-7","article-title":"Assessment and clinical utility of metagenomic next-generation sequencing for suspected lower respiratory tract infections","volume":"29","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117165_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-024-00690-7","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance prediction by clinical metagenomics in pediatric severe pneumonia patients","volume":"23","author":"Gan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117165_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.892076","article-title":"Analysis of negative results of metagenomics next-generation sequencing in clinical practice","volume":"12","author":"Qian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117165_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.929701","article-title":"Improved accuracy of etiological diagnosis of spinal infection by metagenomic next-generation sequencing","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117165_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e26","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ482","article-title":"2015 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Clinical Practice Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of native vertebral osteomyelitis in adults","volume":"61","author":"Berbari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117165_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathmechdis-012418-012751","article-title":"Clinical metagenomic next-generation sequencing for pathogen detection","volume":"14","author":"Gu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu Rev. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117165_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4197","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31654-0","article-title":"A metagenomic DNA sequencing assay that is robust against environmental DNA contamination","volume":"13","author":"Mzava","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117165_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001967","article-title":"Clinical metagenomics: ethical issues","volume":"74","author":"Johnson","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117165_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11121798","article-title":"Utility of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in infective endocarditis: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Haddad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antibiotics. (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117165_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1007\/s12223-024-01134-7","article-title":"Use of pus metagenomic next-generation sequencing for efficient identification of pathogens in patients with sepsis","volume":"69","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Folia Microbiol. (Praha)"}],"container-title":["Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0732889325004870?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0732889325004870?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T13:03:12Z","timestamp":1769518992000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0732889325004870"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0732889325004870"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117165","relation":{},"ISSN":["0732-8893"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0732-8893","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in the precise and rapid diagnosis of spinal infections","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117165","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"117165"}}