{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T19:52:12Z","timestamp":1790970732382,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T16:12:58Z","timestamp":1769184778000},"page":"117282","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Bridging the implementation gap: Challenges and opportunities for integrating whole genome sequencing in tuberculosis surveillance in low-resource settings"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"115","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5444-9581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa Nkatha","family":"Micheni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sammy","family":"Wambua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karani","family":"Magutah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimmy","family":"Nkaiwuatei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Bazira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Sande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0001","series-title":"Global tuberculosis report 2023","first-page":"1","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0002","first-page":"1","year":"2023","journal-title":"World health statistics 2023: monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0003","series-title":"Global tuberculosis report 2024","first-page":"1","year":"2024"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.4329\/wjr.v14.i6.114","article-title":"Tuberculosis conundrum - current and future scenarios: a proposed comprehensive approach combining laboratory, imaging, and computing advances","volume":"14","author":"Merchant","year":"2022","journal-title":"WJR"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg.2017.88","article-title":"Towards a genomics-informed, real-time, global pathogen surveillance system","volume":"19","author":"Gardy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2016.10.014","article-title":"Whole genome sequencing for M\/XDR tuberculosis surveillance and for resistance testing","volume":"23","author":"Walker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-016-0598-2","article-title":"Clinical use of whole genome sequencing for mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"14","author":"Witney","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtldopen.24.0320","article-title":"Considering best practice standards for routine whole-genome sequencing for TB care and control","volume":"1","author":"Denholm","year":"2024","journal-title":"IJTLD OPEN"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00298-17","article-title":"Comprehensive whole-genome sequencing and reporting of drug resistance profiles on clinical cases of mycobacterium tuberculosis in New York State. Land GA, editor","volume":"55","author":"Shea","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002137","article-title":"Whole genome sequence analysis of a large isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis outbreak in London: a retrospective observational study. Metcalfe JZ, editor","volume":"13","author":"Casali","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed10050129","article-title":"The case for genomic surveillance in Africa","volume":"10","author":"Ochola","year":"2025","journal-title":"TropicalMed"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e66","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdx075","article-title":"Tracking and responding to an outbreak of tuberculosis using MIRU-VNTR genotyping and whole genome sequencing as epidemiological tools","volume":"40","author":"Black","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.07.019","article-title":"A quantitative evaluation of MIRU-VNTR typing against whole-genome sequencing for identifying mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission: a prospective observational cohort study","volume":"34","author":"Wyllie","year":"2018","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu K.H., Xiao Y.X., Jou R. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis clusters and transmission in Taiwan: a population-based cohort study. Front Microbiol [Internet]. 2024 Sept 18 [cited 2025 July 15];15. Available from: https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1439532\/full.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1439532"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-025-04966-1","article-title":"Comprehensive whole genome sequencing dataset of mycobacterium tuberculosis strains collected across Italy","author":"Ghodousi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0016","series-title":"Assessing the impact of enhanced-case-finding on tuberculosis incidence and transmission in the gambia using epidemiological and phylodynamic approaches","author":"Gehre","year":"2024"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtldopen.24.0147","article-title":"The implementation of whole-genome sequencing for mycobacterium tuberculosis in Vietnam","volume":"1","author":"Huong","year":"2024","journal-title":"IJTLD OPEN"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2019.104107","article-title":"Genotyping of mycobacterium tuberculosis spreading in Hanoi, Vietnam using conventional and whole genome sequencing methods","volume":"78","author":"Maeda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001880","article-title":"Evolution of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis over four decades: whole genome sequencing and dating analysis of mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from KwaZulu-Natal. Metcalfe JZ, editor","volume":"12","author":"Cohen","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"03","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4172\/2379-1764.1000150","article-title":"Teaching data science and cloud computing in low and middle income countries","volume":"03","author":"Shanahan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv Tech Biol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08546-9","article-title":"Molecular investigations of mycobacterium tuberculosis genotypes among baseline and follow-up strains circulating in four regions of Eswatini","volume":"23","author":"Dlamini","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29334-5","article-title":"Evaluation of Oxford Nanopore\u2019s MinION sequencing device for microbial whole genome sequencing applications","volume":"8","author":"Tyler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s44197-023-00166-5","article-title":"Tuberculosis in Ukrainian war refugees and migrants in the Czech Republic and Slovakia: a molecular epidemiological study","volume":"14","author":"Doh\u00e1l","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0002479","article-title":"Botswana tuberculosis (TB) stakeholders broadly support scaling up next-generation whole genome sequencing: ethical and practical considerations for Botswana and global health. Silva DS, editor","volume":"3","author":"Molldrem","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLOS Glob Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0025","unstructured":"Mogashoa T., Melamu P., Ley S.D., Streicher E.M., Iketleng T., Kelentse N., et al. Genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains circulating in Botswana."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1551710","article-title":"Epidemiology of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infections in cattle and humans in the remote pastoral settings of southern Ethiopia","volume":"12","author":"Mohammed","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu574","article-title":"Recurrence due to relapse or reinfection WithMycobacterium tuberculosis: a whole-genome sequencing approach in a large, population-based cohort with a high HIV infection prevalence and active follow-up","volume":"211","author":"Guerra-Assun\u00e7\u00e3o","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2019.103948","article-title":"Whole genome sequencing provides additional insights into recurrent tuberculosis classified as endogenous reactivation by IS6110 DNA fingerprinting","volume":"75","author":"Dippenaar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0029","article-title":"A data compendium associating the genomes of 12,289 mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates with quantitative resistance phenotypes to 13 antibiotics","volume":"20","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ladner J ed PLoS Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1204064","article-title":"Implementation of targeted next-generation sequencing for the diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis in low-resource settings: a programmatic model, challenges, and initial outcomes","author":"De Araujo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103939","article-title":"Reimagining the status quo: how close are we to rapid sputum-free tuberculosis diagnostics for all?","volume":"78","author":"Nathavitharana","year":"2022","journal-title":"eBioMedicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00666-18","article-title":"Direct whole-genome sequencing of sputum accurately identifies drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis faster than MGIT culture sequencing. Mellmann A, editor","volume":"56","author":"Doyle","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02338-2020","article-title":"Deep amplicon sequencing for culture-free prediction of susceptibility or resistance to 13 anti-tuberculous drugs","volume":"57","author":"Jouet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.02.019","article-title":"Whole genome sequencing to complement tuberculosis drug resistance surveys in Uganda","volume":"40","author":"Ssengooba","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00466-X","article-title":"Rapid, comprehensive, and affordable mycobacterial diagnosis with whole-genome sequencing: a prospective study","volume":"4","author":"Pankhurst","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-18990-0","article-title":"Assessment of the pathogen genomics landscape highlights disparities and challenges for effective AMR surveillance and outbreak response in the East African community","volume":"24","author":"Nguinkal","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2017.09.005","article-title":"Whole genome sequencing for the management of drug-resistant TB in low income high TB burden settings: challenges and implications","volume":"107","author":"Mahomed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0038","unstructured":"Razi M, Batan A. Opportunities and challenges of cloud computing in developing countries."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5334\/dsj-2017-049","article-title":"Genomic research data generation, analysis and sharing \u2013 Challenges in the African setting","author":"Mulder","year":"2017","journal-title":"Data Sci J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.775030","article-title":"Application of next generation sequencing for diagnosis and clinical management of drug-resistant tuberculosis: updates on recent developments in the field","volume":"13","author":"Dookie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-94297-z","article-title":"Implementation of whole genome sequencing for tuberculosis diagnostics in a low-middle income, high MDR-TB burden country","volume":"11","author":"Vogel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6570","DOI":"10.4081\/idr.2016.6570","article-title":"Tuberculosis 2015: burden, challenges and strategy for control and elimination","volume":"8","author":"Raviglione","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Dis Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.720315","article-title":"Significance of high-containment biological laboratories performing work during the COVID-19 pandemic: biosafety level-3 and -4 labs","volume":"9","author":"Yeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm5040470","article-title":"Assessing the costs and cost-effectiveness of genomic sequencing","volume":"5","author":"Christensen","year":"2015","journal-title":"JPM"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gim.2023.100829","article-title":"Microcosting diagnostic genomic sequencing: a systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Santos Gonzalez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0046","series-title":"Cost-effectiveness of targeted next generation sequencing for TB drug-resistance testing as an alternative to the standard of care in south Africa","author":"De Nooy","year":"2025"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.21.0129","article-title":"Cost of TB services in healthcare facilities in Kenya (No 3)","volume":"25","author":"Kairu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.5588\/pha.21.0075","article-title":"TB training in Kenya: building capacity for care and prevention","volume":"12","author":"Angala","year":"2022","journal-title":"Public Health Action"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0049","series-title":"Global tuberculosis report 2020","first-page":"1","year":"2020"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-029699","article-title":"Delivering genome sequencing in clinical practice: an interview study with healthcare professionals involved in the 100 000 Genomes Project","volume":"9","author":"Sanderson","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0051","article-title":"Enhancing capacity for national genomics surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in public health laboratories in Kenya","volume":"9","author":"Kigen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microb Genom"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0674","article-title":"Challenges and strategies for biomedical researchers returning to low- and middle-income countries after training","volume":"102","author":"Ahmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/23322039.2022.2162689","article-title":"Foreign capital flow, institutional quality and human capital development in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"11","author":"Githaiga","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cogent Econ Finance"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bbaa246","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbaa246","article-title":"Capacity building for whole genome sequencing of mycobacterium tuberculosis and bioinformatics in high TB burden countries","volume":"22","author":"Rivi\u00e8re","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br Bioinform"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-020-0651-0","article-title":"Privacy challenges and research opportunities for genomic data sharing","volume":"52","author":"Bonomi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e354","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(24)00028-1","article-title":"Data challenges for international health emergencies: lessons learned from ten international COVID-19 driver projects","volume":"6","author":"Boylan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Digit Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0057","article-title":"Building better global data governance","volume":"4","author":"Kuzio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Data Policy"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMms2403267","article-title":"Global Health Law for a safer and fairer World. Malina D, editor","volume":"390","author":"Halabi","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12910-019-0380-z","article-title":"Trust and the ethical challenges in the use of whole genome sequencing for tuberculosis surveillance: a qualitative study of stakeholder perspectives","volume":"20","author":"Jackson","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Med Ethics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12910-016-0165-6","article-title":"Regulation of genomic and biobanking research in Africa: a content analysis of ethics guidelines, policies and procedures from 22 African countries","volume":"18","author":"De Vries","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Med Ethics"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.18865\/ed.29.S1.179","article-title":"The emergence of genomic research in Africa and new frameworks for equity in biomedical research","volume":"29","author":"Bentley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1177\/15562646231171289","article-title":"Genetic and genomic researchers\u2019 Perspectives on biological sample sharing in Collaborative research in Uganda: a qualitative study","volume":"18","author":"Kaawa-Mafigiri","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0063","article-title":"Whole genome sequencing for drug-resistant tuberculosis management in South Africa: what gaps would this address and what are the challenges to implementation?","volume":"16","author":"Dlamini","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0064","unstructured":"Tellez D.V.M. A Breakthrough in Negotiations on Intellectual Property, Protection of Genetic Resources and Traditional Knowledge in WIPO?."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1007\/s11196-023-09989-8","article-title":"Traditional knowledge protection and digitization: a critical decolonial discourse analysis","volume":"36","author":"Paul","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Semiot Law"},{"issue":"04","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.22.288220","article-title":"Global genomic surveillance strategy for pathogens with pandemic and epidemic potential 2022\u20132032","volume":"100","author":"Carter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2022.0603","article-title":"A framework for promoting diversity, Equity, and inclusion in genetics and Genomics research","volume":"3","author":"Rebbeck","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Health Forum"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00646-21","article-title":"Nanopore Sequencing for mycobacterium tuberculosis: a critical review of the literature, new developments, and Future opportunities. Humphries RM, editor","volume":"60","author":"Dippenaar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3538","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15243538","article-title":"Low-coverage whole-genome sequencing (lcWGS) in cattle: analysis of potential and prospects for application","volume":"15","author":"Kostyunina","year":"2025","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.107655","article-title":"MAGMA-MICK: a state-of-the-art digital platform facilitating the programmatic implementation of whole genome sequencing for TB care and prevention","volume":"152","author":"Van Rie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-024-10320-3","article-title":"GenoMycAnalyzer: a web-based tool for species and drug resistance prediction for mycobacterium genomes","volume":"25","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Genom"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00025-15","article-title":"PhyResSE: a web tool delineating mycobacterium tuberculosis antibiotic resistance and lineage from whole-genome sequencing data","volume":"53","author":"Feuerriegel","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0004465","article-title":"Diagnostic yield of nine user-friendly bioinformatics tools for predicting mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLOS Glob Public Health"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3727","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics14183727","article-title":"Exploring AI in healthcare systems: a study of medical applications and a proposal for a smart clinical assistant","volume":"14","author":"Zota","year":"2025","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17030483","article-title":"Machine learning methods in clinical flow cytometry","volume":"17","author":"Spies","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6245","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25116245","article-title":"Evaluation of whole genome sequencing-based predictions of antimicrobial resistance to TB first line agents: a lesson from 5 years of data","volume":"25","author":"Sharma","year":"2024","journal-title":"IJMS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15603.1","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance prediction for mycobacterium tuberculosis from genome sequence data with Mykrobe","volume":"4","author":"Hunt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res"}],"container-title":["Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0732889326000325?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0732889326000325?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T15:13:08Z","timestamp":1771600388000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0732889326000325"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0732889326000325"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282","relation":{},"ISSN":["0732-8893"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0732-8893","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Bridging the implementation gap: Challenges and opportunities for integrating whole genome sequencing in tuberculosis surveillance in low-resource settings","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117282","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"117282"}}