{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T21:54:35Z","timestamp":1792446875815,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T15:49:36Z","timestamp":1773589776000},"page":"117381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Diagnostic yield of routine pleural fluid culture and influence of prior antibiotic therapy: A population-based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"115","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2690-3403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin Brink","family":"Termansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esben Bolvig","family":"Mark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans Linde","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesper","family":"Smit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daina Marie-Luise","family":"Sidaras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117381_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01062-2022","article-title":"ERS\/ESTS statement on the management of pleural infection in adults","volume":"61","author":"Bedawi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117381_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-1912","article-title":"Incidence, length of stay, and prognosis of hospitalized patients with pleural empyema: a 15-year Danish nationwide cohort study","volume":"145","author":"Sogaard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117381_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2017.01.030","article-title":"The American Association for Thoracic Surgery consensus guidelines for the management of empyema","volume":"153","author":"Shen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117381_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.127.3.916","article-title":"Low yield of microbiologic studies on pleural fluid specimens","volume":"127","author":"Barnes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117381_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2009.01.028","article-title":"Choice of first intervention is related to outcomes in the management of empyema","volume":"87","author":"Wozniak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117381_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001940","article-title":"Blood culture and pleural fluid culture yields in pediatric empyema patients: a retrospective review, 1996-2016","volume":"37","author":"Stankey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117381_bib0007","unstructured":"Danmarks Statisktik. Befolkningstal.; Available from: https:\/\/www.dst.dk\/da\/Statistik\/emner\/borgere\/befolkning\/befolkningstal [Accessed 07.11.2025]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117381_bib0008","article-title":"Research protocol: microbiology in pleural effusions in the intensive care unit - A retrospective cohort study","author":"Frambo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Zenodo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117381_bib0009","unstructured":"Fally M., Petersen J.K., Fj\u00e6llegaard K., Armbruster K. Pleuraeffusion; 28.06.2024. Available from: https:\/\/lungemedicin.dk\/pleuraeffusion\/ [Accessed 21.02.2026]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117381_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208","article-title":"The REDCap consortium: building an international community of software platform partners","volume":"95","author":"Harris","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117381_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.02.008","article-title":"Routine use of pleural fluid cultures. Are they indicated? Limited yield, minimal impact on treatment decisions","volume":"100","author":"Jimenez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117381_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-018-3426-0","article-title":"The bacteriology in adult patients with pneumonia and parapneumonic effusions: increased yield with DNA sequencing method","volume":"38","author":"Johansson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117381_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00542-2019","article-title":"The microbiology of pleural infection in adults: a systematic review","volume":"54","author":"Hassan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117381_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200601-074OC","article-title":"The bacteriology of pleural infection by genetic and standard methods and its mortality significance","volume":"174","author":"Maskell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117381_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.157842","article-title":"Blood culture bottle culture of pleural fluid in pleural infection","volume":"66","author":"Menzies","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117381_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s1","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax-2022-219784","article-title":"British Thoracic Society Guideline for pleural disease","volume":"78","author":"Roberts","year":"2023","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117381_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.03546-2020","article-title":"Epidemiology of pleural empyema in English hospitals and the impact of influenza","volume":"57","author":"Arnold","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117381_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00694-24","volume":"62","author":"Alvarez Otero","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117381_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03510-23","article-title":"Microbiological diagnosis of pleural infections: a comparative evaluation of a novel syndromic real-time PCR panel","volume":"12","author":"Kommedal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117381_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2010.536162","article-title":"Bacteriological aetiology and antimicrobial treatment of pleural empyema","volume":"43","author":"Meyer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0732889326001318?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0732889326001318?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T02:28:30Z","timestamp":1775528910000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0732889326001318"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0732889326001318"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117381","relation":{},"ISSN":["0732-8893"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0732-8893","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Diagnostic yield of routine pleural fluid culture and influence of prior antibiotic therapy: A population-based cohort study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117381","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"117381"}}