{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T11:09:38Z","timestamp":1779448178496,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordination for the improvement of Higher Education Personnel","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006162","name":"Foundation for Support of Science and Technology of Pernambuco State","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006162","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T15:07:15Z","timestamp":1777129635000},"page":"117441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Use of the PEG\/phosphate aqueous two-phase system in the separation of Cystoisospora belli: A new diagnostic method"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Thiago Henrique","family":"da Cruz Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kethylen Barbara Barbosa","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel Diniz","family":"Rufino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2380-7910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela de Ara\u00fajo","family":"Viana Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvana de F\u00e1tima","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0001","series-title":"Reference module in food science","article-title":"Protozoa: Cystoisospora belli (Syn. Isospora belli)","author":"Rodriguez-Morales","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-3341.1","article-title":"The genus Atoxoplasma (Garnham 1950) as a junior objective synonym of the genus Isospora (Schneider 1881) species infecting birds and resurrection of Cystoisospora (Frenkel 1977) as the correct genus for Isospora species infecting mammals","volume":"91","author":"Bartha","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0003","first-page":"27","article-title":"Isosporiasis in an immunocompetent child: case report","volume":"31","author":"Balcioglu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Turkiye Parazitol Derg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.10.003","article-title":"Uncommon and fatal case of cystoisosporiasis in a non HIV-immunosuppressed patient from a non-endemic country","volume":"67","author":"Post","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182019000957","article-title":"Cystoisospora belli infections in humans: the past 100 years","volume":"146","author":"Dubey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0006","series-title":"Hunter's tropical medicine and emerging infectious diseases","first-page":"722","article-title":"Cystoisospora belli (syn. Isospora belli)","author":"Bartelt","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0007","first-page":"100","article-title":"Unexpectedly high prevalence of Cystoisospora belli infection in acalculous gallbladders of immunocompetent patients","volume":"151","author":"Noor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2017.11.002","article-title":"Intestinal isosporiasis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Pathologic diagnosis in small intestinal mucosal biopsies","volume":"33","author":"Odd\u00f3","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0009","series-title":"Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett\u2019s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases","article-title":"Cyclospora cayetanensis, Cystoisospora (Isospora) belli, Sarcocystis species, Balantidium coli, and Blastocystis species","author":"Keystone","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0010","first-page":"326","article-title":"An ether sedimentation technique for routine stool examinations","volume":"8","author":"Ritchie","year":"1948","journal-title":"Bull US Army Med Dep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0011","first-page":"385","article-title":"The sedimentation-concentration method in the diagnosis of intestinal parasites","volume":"14","author":"Hoffman","year":"1934","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.2307\/3272508","article-title":"Comparative efficiency of various technics for the diagnosis of protozoa and helminths in feces","volume":"25","author":"Faust","year":"1939","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0013","first-page":"363","article-title":"Parasitological diagnosis in fecal samples in the Laboratory of Clinical Analyzes: comparison of techniques and cost of implantation","volume":"49","author":"Azevedo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Bras Anal Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-89101979000400010","article-title":"Comparative study of the coprological methods of Lutz, Kato-Katz and modified Faust","volume":"13","author":"Chaves","year":"1979","journal-title":"Rev Saude Publica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13308","article-title":"Use of the aqueous biphasic system as an alternative for concentration of Ascaris lumbricoides eggs, with non-toxic separation of faecal residues and fats","volume":"24","author":"Rosa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2148","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14192148","article-title":"Effective laboratory diagnosis of parasitic infections of the gastrointestinal tract: where, when, how, and what should we look for?","volume":"14","author":"D\u0105browska","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12144","DOI":"10.1039\/D4CC02663B","article-title":"Aqueous two-phase systems \u2013 versatile and advanced (bio)process engineering tools","volume":"60","author":"Jorge","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3233(08)60244-2","article-title":"Partition of cell particles and macromolecules in aqueous polymer two-phase systems","volume":"24","author":"Albertsson","year":"1970","journal-title":"Adv Protein Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12575-016-0048-8","article-title":"Aqueous two-phase system (ATPS): an overview and advances in its applications","volume":"18","author":"Iqbal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Proced Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2024.110445","article-title":"Unlocking liquid-liquid separation: Exploring the marvels of aqueous two-phase systems","volume":"200","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microchem J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1080\/15422119.2014.983128","article-title":"Partitioning in aqueous two-phase systems: fundamentals, applications and trends","volume":"45","author":"Grilo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sep Purif Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fluid.2012.11.033","article-title":"Extraction of fibrinolytic proteases from Streptomyces sp. DPUA1576 using PEG-phosphate aqueous two-phase systems","volume":"339","author":"Medeiros","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fluid Phase Equilib"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0023","series-title":"Aqueous two-phase systems: methods and protocols","author":"Hatti-Kaul","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0535-2019","article-title":"A historical review of the techniques of recovery of parasites for their detection in human stools","volume":"53","author":"Soares","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06434-y","article-title":"Laboratory validation of the automated diagnosis of intestinal parasites via fecal sample processing for the recovery of intestinal parasites through the dissolved air flotation technique","volume":"17","author":"Soares","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0026","first-page":"1250","article-title":"Helminth infections: the great neglected tropical diseases","volume":"130","author":"Hotez","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0027","series-title":"Encyclopedia of infection and immunity","first-page":"463","article-title":"Cyclospora and cystoisospora","author":"Hanau","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0028","series-title":"Human parasitology","author":"Neves","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2020.121697","article-title":"Application of aqueous two-phase system for selective extraction and cleanup of emerging contaminants from aqueous matrices","volume":"223","author":"Assis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.22214\/ijraset.2019.6056","article-title":"A review on aqueous two-phase systems with special reference to the application of ionic liquids","volume":"7","author":"Antonisamy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Res Appl Sci Eng Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(61)90028-4","article-title":"Fractionation of particles and macromolecules in aqueous two-phase systems","volume":"5","author":"Albertsson","year":"1961","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0032","article-title":"Tie-line length for optimization of non-enveloped virus recovery in aqueous two-phase systems","volume":"1126\u20131127","author":"Joshi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2012.04.077","article-title":"Aqueous two-phase affinity partitioning systems: current applications and trends","volume":"1244","author":"Ruiz-Ruiz","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Chromatogr A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2021.117671","article-title":"Liquid-liquid equilibrium data for systems formed by PEG (4000 or 6000) or alcohol (1-propanol or 2-propanol) + potassium phosphate + water","volume":"343","author":"Muniz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Mol Liq"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4229","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jced.6b00591","article-title":"Influence of the molecular weight of PEG on the polymer\/salt phase diagrams of aqueous two-phase systems","volume":"61","author":"Wyszocza\u0144ska","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Chem Eng Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0036","first-page":"671","article-title":"A comparison of three concentration techniques for the recovery of parasites from stool specimens","volume":"18","author":"Faust","year":"1938","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762009000200022","article-title":"Oocyst wall formation and composition in coccidian parasites","volume":"104","author":"Mai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2011.06.051","article-title":"Aqueous two-phase systems for protein separation: a perspective","volume":"1218","author":"Asenjo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Chromatogr A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2022.119882","article-title":"Aqueous biphasic systems: a robust platform for green extraction of biomolecules","volume":"363","author":"Saha","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Mol Liq"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0290(19960620)50:6<617::AID-BIT2>3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"Correlations for the partition behavior of proteins in aqueous two-phase systems","volume":"50","author":"Schmidt","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biotechnol Bioeng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.21708","article-title":"Polyethylene glycol behaves like weak organic solvent","volume":"97","author":"Hirano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biopolymers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0042","first-page":"347","article-title":"Parasitological examination of feces: comparative study of the main techniques","volume":"70","author":"Ferreira","year":"1966","journal-title":"Hospital"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.22153\/kej.2023.04.001","article-title":"Extraction of bovine serum albumin by aqueous two-phase system using PEG4000\/sodium citrate and PEG8000\/sodium phosphate","volume":"19","author":"Mahdi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Al-Khwarizmi Eng J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00387-13","article-title":"Evidence for a structural role for acid-fast lipids in oocyst walls of Cryptosporidium, Toxoplasma, and Eimeria","volume":"4","author":"Bushkin","year":"2013","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-40422006000600033","article-title":"Aqueous two-phase systems: fundamentals and applications for protein partitioning\/purification","volume":"29","author":"Silva","year":"2006","journal-title":"Quim Nova"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0045","series-title":"Partition of cell particles and macromolecules","author":"Albertsson","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2006.07.004","article-title":"The coccidian oocyst: a tough nut to crack","volume":"22","author":"Belli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0047","series-title":"Aqueous two-phase partitioning: Physical chemistry and bioanalytical applications","author":"Zaslavsky","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0048","series-title":"Purification of biotechnological products","first-page":"155","article-title":"Liquid\u2013liquid extraction in aqueous two-phase systems","author":"Kilikian","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1590\/S0104-66322000000100001","article-title":"Liquid\u2013liquid extraction of biomolecules in downstream processing: a review article","volume":"17","author":"Silva","year":"2000","journal-title":"Braz J Chem Eng"}],"container-title":["Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0732889326001914?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0732889326001914?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T10:51:28Z","timestamp":1779447088000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0732889326001914"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0732889326001914"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441","relation":{},"ISSN":["0732-8893"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0732-8893","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Use of the PEG\/phosphate aqueous two-phase system in the separation of Cystoisospora belli: A new diagnostic method","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117441","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"117441"}}