{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T00:25:18Z","timestamp":1781915118336,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572566400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572566400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17K18024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17K18024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18K06938"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18K06938"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15J11033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15J11033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15K19013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15K19013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17H06432"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17H06432"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18H02474"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18H02474"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15K10647"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15K10647"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18K06837"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18K06837"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15K15403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15K15403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15H04300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15H04300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Differentiation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,11]],"date-time":"2019-09-11T19:02:43Z","timestamp":1568228563000},"page":"29-35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Regulatory roles of epithelial-mesenchymal interaction (EMI) during early and androgen dependent external genitalia development"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Taiju","family":"Hyuga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alvin R.","family":"Acebedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daiki","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mizuki","family":"Kajimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinichi","family":"Miyagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-ichiro","family":"Enmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshichika","family":"Yoshioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gen","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-019-0336-3","article-title":"Mesenchymal actomyosin contractility is required for androgen-driven urethral masculinization in mice","volume":"2","author":"Acebedo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.170007","article-title":"Shifting the paradigm of testosterone replacement therapy in prostate cancer","volume":"36","author":"Bell","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J. Mens Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(99)70244-1","article-title":"Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and micropenis: effect of testosterone treatment on adult penile size why sex reversal is not indicated","volume":"134","author":"Bin-Abbas","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.22708","article-title":"Analysis of the effect of estrogen\/androgen perturbation on penile development in transgenic and diethylstilbestrol-treated mice","volume":"296","author":"Blaschko","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.114.118570","article-title":"Cellular microenvironment dictates androgen production by murine fetal Leydig cells in primary culture","volume":"91","author":"Carney","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.2463\/mrms.mp.2016-0067","article-title":"Polymer-brush-afforded SPIO nanoparticles show a unique biodistribution and MR imaging contrast in mouse organs","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib7","article-title":"Effects of androgen and oestrogen on the IGF pathways controlling phallus growth","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2013.12.014","article-title":"Coordinated activity of Spry1 and Spry2 is required for normal development of the external genitalia","volume":"386","author":"Ching","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2867","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-128-6-2867","article-title":"Androgen receptor expression in developing male reproductive organs","volume":"128","author":"Cooke","year":"1991","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod22.1.19","article-title":"Stromal-epithelial interactions in sex differentiation","volume":"22","author":"Cunha","year":"1980","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1679\/aohc.67.417","article-title":"Role of stromal-epithelial interactions in hormonal responses","volume":"67","author":"Cunha","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Histol. Cytol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.96.6.1662","article-title":"Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in prostatic development. I. morphological observations of prostatic induction by urogenital sinus mesenchyme in epithelium of the adult rodent urinary bladder","volume":"96","author":"Cunha","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib13","article-title":"Androgen-independent events in penile development in humans and animals","author":"Cunha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Differentiation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2005.12.002","article-title":"Functional compensation in Hedgehog signaling during mouse prostate development","volume":"295","author":"Doles","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)43507-5","article-title":"The use of parenteral testosterone therapy in genital reconstructive surgery","volume":"138","author":"Gearhart","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-013-0583-z","article-title":"Prostate cancer risk after anti-androgen treatment for priapism","volume":"46","author":"Goetz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. Urol. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.119891","article-title":"Tissue-specific roles of Fgfr2 in development of the external genitalia","volume":"142","author":"Gredler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2013.10.016","article-title":"Dkk1 in the peri-cloaca mesenchyme regulates formation of anorectal and genitourinary tracts","volume":"385","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4241","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.128.21.4241","article-title":"Unique functions of Sonic hedgehog signaling during external genitalia development","volume":"128","author":"Haraguchi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02736","article-title":"Molecular analysis of coordinated bladder and urogenital organ formation by Hedgehog signaling","volume":"134","author":"Haraguchi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2471","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.127.11.2471","article-title":"Molecular analysis of external genitalia formation: the role of fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) genes during genital tubercle formation","volume":"127","author":"Haraguchi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/cga.12319","article-title":"Developmental mutant mouse models for external genitalia formation","volume":"59","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Congenital. Anom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-018-0583-7","article-title":"Androgen signaling is essential for development of prostate cancer initiated from prostatic basal cells","volume":"38","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2007-0019","article-title":"Androgen receptor (AR) coregulators: a diversity of functions converging on and regulating the AR transcriptional complex","volume":"28","author":"Heemers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib25","first-page":"293","article-title":"Studies on Prostate Cancer. I. The effect of castration, of estrogen and of androgen injection on serum phosphates in metastatic carcinoma of the prostate","volume":"1","author":"Huggins","year":"1941","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib26","article-title":"Bmp4 is an essential growth factor for the initiation of genital tubercle (GT) outgrowth","author":"Kajioka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Congenital. Anom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.07.066","article-title":"Genomic variants of ATF3 in patients with hypospadias","volume":"180","author":"Kalfa","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib28","first-page":"7581","article-title":"MafB, a new Maf family transcription activator that can associate with Maf and Fos but not with Jun","volume":"14","author":"Kataoka","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1038\/srep01268","article-title":"Human castration resistant prostate cancer rather prefer to decreased 5\u03b1-reductase activity","volume":"3","author":"Kosaka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4400797","article-title":"Paracrine regulation of apoptosis by steroid hormones in the male and female reproductive system","volume":"8","author":"Kurita","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1159\/000016650","article-title":"Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in development of the mouse fetal genital tubercle","volume":"164","author":"Kurzrock","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cells Tissues Organs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib32","first-page":"165","article-title":"Disorders of sex development: advances in genetic diagnosis and challenges in management","volume":"5","author":"Kyriakou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Genom. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib33","first-page":"267","article-title":"New hormonal therapy in prostatic carcinoma: combined treatment with an LHRH agonist and an antiandrogen","volume":"5","author":"Labrie","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clin. Investig. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003231","article-title":"Delineating a conserved genetic cassette promoting outgrowth of body appendages","volume":"9","author":"Lin","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib35","first-page":"217","article-title":"Activating transcription factor 3 is estrogen-responsive in utero and upregulated during sexual differentiation","volume":"65","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Horm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.2350\/06-04-0079.1","article-title":"Estradiol upregulates activating transcription factor 3, a candidate gene in the etiology of hypospadias","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr. Dev. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diff.2018.05.001","article-title":"Contrasting mechanisms of penile urethral formation in mouse and human","volume":"101","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Differentiation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1159\/000477452","article-title":"Androgen regulates dimorphic F-actin assemblies in the genital organogenesis","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sex. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-002-0717-3","article-title":"Use of parenteral testosterone prior to hypospadias surgery","volume":"19","author":"Luo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr. Surg. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.4161\/bioa.29766","article-title":"The role of vertebrate nonmuscle Myosin II in development and human disease","volume":"4","author":"Ma","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioArchitecture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-018-0008-y","article-title":"Regulation of masculinization: androgen signalling for external genitalia development","volume":"15","author":"Matsushita","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2015-1586","article-title":"Androgen regulates Mafb expression through its 3'UTR during mouse urethral masculinization","volume":"157","author":"Matsushita","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/cga.12001","article-title":"Functional analysis of ectodermal \u03b2-catenin during external genitalia formation","volume":"53","author":"Mazahery","year":"2013","journal-title":"Congenital. Anom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2014.21","article-title":"Disruption of the temporally regulated cloaca endodermal \u03b2-catenin signaling causes anorectal malformations","volume":"21","author":"Miyagawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2894","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-0263","article-title":"The role of sonic hedgehog-Gli2 pathway in the masculinization of external genitalia","volume":"152","author":"Miyagawa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3969","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.039438","article-title":"Dosage-dependent hedgehog signals integrated with Wnt\/beta-catenin signaling regulate external genitalia formation as an appendicular program","volume":"136","author":"Miyagawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2008-0478","article-title":"Genetic interactions of the androgen and Wnt\/beta-catenin pathways for the masculinization of external genitalia","volume":"23","author":"Miyagawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3095","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.00530","article-title":"Loss of Bmp7 and Fgf8 signaling in Hoxa13-mutant mice causes hypospadia","volume":"130","author":"Morgan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5715","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00001-06","article-title":"MafB is essential for renal development and F4\/80 expression in macrophages","volume":"26","author":"Moriguchi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagrm.2014.05.020","article-title":"Androgens and mammalian male reproductive tract development","volume":"1849","author":"Murashima","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001970102","article-title":"N-cadherin mediates Sertoli cell-spermatogenic cell adhesion","volume":"197","author":"Newton","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dev. Dynam."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2014.20","article-title":"Dysregulation of Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (Wif1) expression resulted in aberrant Wnt-\u03b2-catenin signaling and cell death of the cloaca endoderm, and anorectal malformations","volume":"21","author":"Ng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9926(199802)57:2<70::AID-TERA5>3.0.CO;2-A","article-title":"Normal and abnormal embryonic development of the anorectum in human embryos","volume":"57","author":"Nievelstein","year":"1998","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/361068a0","article-title":"FGF-4 and BMP-2 have opposite effects on limb growth","volume":"361","author":"Niswander","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib55","first-page":"327","article-title":"The molecular basis of androgen insensitivity","volume":"54","author":"Nitsche","year":"2000","journal-title":"Horm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2005.00555.x","article-title":"The foetal Leydig cell-- differentiation, function and regulation","volume":"29","author":"O'Shaughnessy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.2002.0668","article-title":"Sonic hedgehog signaling from the urethral epithelium controls external genital development","volume":"247","author":"Perriton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.01778","article-title":"Development of the mammalian urethra is controlled by Fgfr2-IIIb","volume":"132","author":"Petiot","year":"2005","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2004.06.002","article-title":"Sonic hedgehog-patched Gli signaling in the developing rat prostate gland: lobe-specific suppression by neonatal estrogens reduces ductal growth and branching","volume":"273","author":"Pu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diff.2012.07.003","article-title":"Specific morphogenetic events in mouse external genitalia sex differentiation are responsive\/dependent upon androgens and\/or estrogens","volume":"84","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Differentiation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-004-0419-9","article-title":"Regulation of external genitalia development by concerted actions of FGF ligands and FGF receptors","volume":"208","author":"Satoh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anat. Embryol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2017.02.008","article-title":"Revisiting the role of Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling in prostate cancer","volume":"462","author":"Schneider","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.12.027","article-title":"ECM signaling regulates collective cellular dynamics to control pancreas branching morphogenesis","volume":"14","author":"Shih","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diff.2016.01.004","article-title":"Diethylstilbestrol-induced mouse hypospadias: \"window of susceptibility","volume":"91","author":"Sinclair","year":"2016","journal-title":"Differentiation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.2990090302","article-title":"Androgenic induction of DNA synthesis in prostatic glands induced in the urothelium of testicular feminized (Tfm\/Y) mice","volume":"9","author":"Sugimura","year":"1986","journal-title":"The Prostate"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12241","article-title":"5\u03b1-Dihydrotestosterone negatively regulates cell proliferation of the periurethral ventral mesenchyme during urethral tube formation in the murine male genital tubercle","volume":"5","author":"Suzuki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1111\/dgd.12247","article-title":"Systematic analyses of murine masculinization processes based on genital sex differentiation parameters","volume":"57","author":"Suzuki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev. Growth Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043453","article-title":"Reduced BMP signaling results in hindlimb fusion with lethal pelvic\/urogenital organ aplasia: a new mouse model of sirenomelia","volume":"7","author":"Suzuki","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6209","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.00846","article-title":"Regulation of outgrowth and apoptosis for the terminal appendage: external genitalia: development by concerted actions of BMP signaling","volume":"130","author":"Suzuki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16407","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1413273111","article-title":"Sexually dimorphic expression of Mafb regulates masculinization of the embryonic urethral formation","volume":"111","author":"Suzuki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3580","article-title":"Increased gene copy number of VAMP7 disrupts human male urogenital development through altered estrogen action","volume":"20","author":"Tannour-Louet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dms002","article-title":"Aetiology of hypospadias: a systematic review of genes and environment","volume":"18","author":"van der Zanden","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2384","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2101","article-title":"Genetics of hypospadias: are single-nucleotide polymorphisms in SRD5A2, ESR1, ESR2, and ATF3 really associated with the malformation?","volume":"95","author":"van der Zanden","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2011.09.020","article-title":"Six1 and Eya1 are critical regulators of peri-cloacal mesenchymal progenitors during genitourinary tract development","volume":"360","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI34241","article-title":"Identification in rats of a programming window for reproductive tract masculinization, disruption of which leads to hypospadias and cryptorchidism","volume":"118","author":"Welsh","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2015.04.033","article-title":"Gonadotropin and kisspeptin gene expression, but not GnRH, are impaired in cFOS deficient mice","volume":"411","author":"Xie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-0436.2003.7108001.x","article-title":"Cellular and molecular mechanisms of development of the external genitalia","volume":"71","author":"Yamada","year":"2003","journal-title":"Differentiation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-8995-6_8","article-title":"Anatomical studies of the fibroblast growth factor-10 mutant, Sonic Hedge Hog mutant and androgen receptor mutant mouse genital tubercle","volume":"545","author":"Yucel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2014.04.008","article-title":"Olfactory plays a key role in spatiotemporal pathogenesis of cerebral malaria","volume":"15","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E7194","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1515981112","article-title":"Timing of androgen receptor disruption and estrogen exposure underlies a spectrum of congenital penile anomalies","volume":"112","author":"Zheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2605.2003.00393.x","article-title":"The CAG repeat polymorphism within the androgen receptor gene and maleness","volume":"26","author":"Zitzmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Androl."}],"container-title":["Differentiation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301468119301239?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301468119301239?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T08:06:24Z","timestamp":1759565184000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0301468119301239"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"references-count":81,"alternative-id":["S0301468119301239"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4681","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Regulatory roles of epithelial-mesenchymal interaction (EMI) during early and androgen dependent external genitalia development","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Differentiation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 International Society of Differentiation. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}