{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T03:00:54Z","timestamp":1784862054025,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Differentiation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.diff.2026.100963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T16:32:03Z","timestamp":1780331523000},"page":"100963","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Human heel fat pad development before birth"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"150","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4081-6084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Herrera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Alfonso","family":"Arr\u00e1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8926-5248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Juliana","family":"P\u00e9rez-Miguelsanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2026.100963_bib1","first-page":"169","article-title":"The heel pad in congenital idiopathic clubfoot: implications of empty heel for clinical severity assessment","volume":"35","author":"Adegbehingbe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iowa Orthop. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2026.100963_bib2","first-page":"247","article-title":"Adipose tissue growth patterns during human gestation: a histometric comparison of buccal and gluteal fat depots","volume":"9","author":"Burdi","year":"1985","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2026.100963_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2021.105441","article-title":"Changes in sub-calcaneal fat pad composition and their association with dynamic plantar foot pressure in people with diabetic neuropathy","volume":"88","author":"Bus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Biomech Bristol Avon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2026.100963_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/s13047-022-00568-x","article-title":"What do we actually know about a common cause of plantar heel pain? A scoping review of heel fat pad syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Chang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Foot Ankle Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2026.100963_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22206","article-title":"Deep fat of the face revisited","volume":"26","author":"Cho","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Anat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2026.100963_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3546","DOI":"10.21037\/apm-20-446","article-title":"Rearfoot disorders and conservative treatment: a narrative review","volume":"9","author":"Choo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Palliat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2026.100963_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(199609)246:1<147::AID-AR16>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"Sectional anatomy of connective tissue structures in the hindfoot of the newborn child and the adult","volume":"246","author":"Fritsch","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2026.100963_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01137.2006","article-title":"Microchambers and macrochambers in heel pads: are they functionally different?","volume":"102","author":"Hsu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2026.100963_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.14039","article-title":"Ontogenic transformation of the ankle from the initial mediolateral arrangement of the calcaneus and talus: a histological study of human embryos and early fetuses","volume":"245","author":"Ishizuka","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2026.100963_bib10","article-title":"Congenital aplasia of the heel pad","volume":"2","author":"Iyengar","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2026.100963_bib11","first-page":"2753","article-title":"Histology, histochemistry and biomechanics of the plantar fat pads in disorders of the foot and ankle medical and surgical management","author":"Jahss","year":"1991","journal-title":"W.B Sau Comp Harc Brace Jova."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2026.100963_bib12","series-title":"The Embryology of the Human Locomotor System","article-title":"The development of the ankle and foot","author":"Kawashima","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2026.100963_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1226(95)90012-8","article-title":"Bilateral congenital fatty heel pads","volume":"48","author":"Livingstone","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br. J. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2026.100963_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1179\/174313409X448543","article-title":"Fetal size and dating: charts recommended for clinical obstetric practice","volume":"17","author":"Loughna","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2026.100963_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2024.106294","article-title":"Changes in functional characteristics of heel fat pad with age","volume":"118","author":"Maemichi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2026.100963_bib15","article-title":"The relationship of heel fat pad thickness with age and physiques in Japanese","volume":"80","author":"Maemichi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Biomench Bristol Avon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2026.100963_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0257790","article-title":"Reliability of ultrasound in evaluating the plantar skin and fat pad of the foot in the setting of diabetes","volume":"16","author":"Morrison","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2026.100963_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2010.02.018","article-title":"Constitutive formulation and analysis of heel pad tissues mechanics","volume":"32","author":"Natali","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. Eng. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2026.100963_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1159\/000289817","article-title":"Developmental stages in human embryos: revised and new measurements","volume":"192","author":"O'Rahilly","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cells Tissues Organs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2026.100963_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2906","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13092906","article-title":"Early appearance of epicardial adipose tissue through human development","volume":"13","author":"Perez-Miguelsanz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2026.100963_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(83)90028-2","article-title":"Growth and development of human adipose tissue during early gestation","volume":"8","author":"Poissonnet","year":"1983","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2026.100963_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(84)90106-3","article-title":"The chronology of adipose tissue appearance and distribution in the human fetus","volume":"10","author":"Poissonnet","year":"1984","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2026.100963_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079101200212","article-title":"Congenital dysplasia of the heel fat pad: a case report of a previously undescribed entity","volume":"12","author":"Porat","year":"1991","journal-title":"Foot Ankle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2026.100963_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2008.00997.x","article-title":"Development of the human achilles tendon enthesis organ","volume":"213","author":"Shaw","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2026.100963_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070602700812","article-title":"Observations on the fibrous retinacular of the heel pad","volume":"27","author":"Snow","year":"2006","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2026.100963_bib26","series-title":"Principios De Anatom\u00eda Y Fisiolog\u00eda","author":"Tortola","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2026.100963_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22247","article-title":"Fetal development of ligaments around the tarsal bones with special reference to contribution of muscles","volume":"27","author":"Uchiyama","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Anat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2026.100963_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2017.05.006","article-title":"Altered stiffness of microchamber and macrochamber layers in the aged heel pad: shear wave ultrasound elastography evaluation","volume":"117","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Formos. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.diff.2026.100963_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.2535\/ofaj.93.59","article-title":"Early embryonic development of long tendons in the human foot","volume":"93","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Okajimas Folia Anat. Jpn."}],"container-title":["Differentiation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301468126000332?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301468126000332?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T02:11:13Z","timestamp":1784859073000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0301468126000332"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["S0301468126000332"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diff.2026.100963","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4681","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Human heel fat pad development before birth","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Differentiation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diff.2026.100963","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 International Society of Differentiation. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100963"}}