{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T06:04:30Z","timestamp":1792217070287,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":283,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Disease-a-Month"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,2]],"date-time":"2019-03-02T16:30:21Z","timestamp":1551544221000},"page":"100851","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":534,"title":["A comprehensive review and update on ulcerative colitis,"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Mahesh","family":"Gajendran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyadarshini","family":"Loganathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony P.","family":"Catinella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathaniel","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandraprakash","family":"Umapathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Ziade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jana G.","family":"Hashash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl A","key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5A","DOI":"10.1155\/2005\/269076","article-title":"Toward an integrated clinical, molecular and serological classification of inflammatory bowel disease: report of a Working Party of the 2005 Montreal World Congress of Gastroenterology","volume":"19","author":"Silverberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6137","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i33.6137","article-title":"Patients with inflammatory bowel disease have increased risk of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases","volume":"23","author":"Halling","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S97","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-200810001-00049","article-title":"Is IBD an autoimmune disorder?","volume":"14","author":"Das","year":"2008","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2010.04234.x","article-title":"Systematic review: the costs of ulcerative colitis in Western countries","volume":"31","author":"Cohen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0005","first-page":"264","article-title":"Morbid appearances in the intestines of Miss Bankes","volume":"2","author":"Wilks","year":"1859","journal-title":"Lond Med Gaz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0006","first-page":"1","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in Japan: nationwide epidemiological survey during the year 1991","volume":"30","author":"Morita","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-011-1588-5","article-title":"Disease characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)","volume":"15","author":"Subasinghe","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.33.5.687","article-title":"Epidemiological study of ulcerative proctocolitis in Indian migrants and the indigenous population of Leicestershire","volume":"33","author":"Probert","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2918","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.01438.x","article-title":"The effects of migration on ulcerative colitis: a three-year prospective study among Europeans and first- and second-generation South Asians in Leicester (1991-1994)","volume":"94","author":"Carr","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1102942","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis","volume":"365","author":"Danese","year":"2011","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.01.063","article-title":"Clinical epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease: incidence, prevalence, and environmental influences","volume":"126","author":"Loftus","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.10.039","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in Olmsted County, Minnesota from 1970 through 2010","volume":"15","author":"Shivashankar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20029","article-title":"Update on the incidence and prevalence of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1940-2000","volume":"13","author":"Loftus","year":"2007","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009735","article-title":"Epidemiology of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in a central Canadian province: a population-based study","volume":"149","author":"Bernstein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529108998621","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of ulcerative colitis in Copenhagen county from 1962 to 1987","volume":"26","author":"Langholz","year":"1991","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2012.196","article-title":"A prospective study of cigarette smoking and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease in women","volume":"107","author":"Higuchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.07.012","article-title":"The prevalence and geographic distribution of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in the United States","volume":"5","author":"Kappelman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2015.07.006","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease: historical perspective, epidemiology, and risk factors","volume":"95","author":"Malik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2004.04156.x","article-title":"NOD2\/CARD15 genotype and phenotype differences between Ashkenazi and Sephardic jews with Crohn's disease","volume":"99","author":"Karban","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-10-104","article-title":"African-American inflammatory bowel disease in a Southern U.S. health center","volume":"10","author":"Veluswamy","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.34.4.517","article-title":"Familial empirical risks for inflammatory bowel disease: differences between Jews and non-Jews","volume":"34","author":"Yang","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3668","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i23.3668","article-title":"Family and twin studies in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"12","author":"Halme","year":"2006","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000913","article-title":"Genetic predictors of benign course of ulcerative colitis\u2014a North American inflammatory bowel disease genetics consortium study","volume":"22","author":"Kopylov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.284.6317.706","article-title":"Non-smoking: a feature of ulcerative colitis","volume":"284","author":"Harries","year":"1982","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.4065\/81.11.1462","article-title":"Smoking and inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"81","author":"Mahid","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2017.07.001","article-title":"A comprehensive review and update on Crohn's disease","volume":"64","author":"Gajendran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dis Mon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(03)00290-8","article-title":"Gender differences in the response of colitis to smoking","volume":"2","author":"Cosnes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6134","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i46.6134","article-title":"Smoking in inflammatory bowel diseases: good, bad or ugly?","volume":"13","author":"Lakatos","year":"2007","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000129","article-title":"Smoking Cessation alters intestinal microbiota: insights from quantitative investigations on human fecal samples using FISH","volume":"20","author":"Biedermann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/22.6.1101","article-title":"Use of oral moist snuff and inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"22","author":"Persson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01469792","article-title":"Increased consumption of refined carbohydrates in patients with Crohn's disease","volume":"54","author":"Martini","year":"1976","journal-title":"Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0032","first-page":"838","article-title":"Cow's milk protein sensitivity during infancy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"85","author":"Glassman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.01942.x","article-title":"Diet as a risk factor for the development of ulcerative colitis","volume":"95","author":"Geerling","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.04.011","article-title":"Twin study indicates loss of interaction between microbiota and mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis","volume":"141","author":"Lepage","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.01.002","article-title":"Disease-specific alterations in the enteric virome in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"160","author":"Norman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200103153441104","article-title":"Appendectomy and protection against ulcerative colitis","volume":"344","author":"Andersson","year":"2001","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2003.50021","article-title":"Appendectomy is followed by increased risk of Crohn's disease","volume":"124","author":"Andersson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2011.02600.x","article-title":"The effect of appendectomy on the course of ulcerative colitis: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Gardenbroek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S72","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20623","article-title":"What is the importance of appendectomy in the natural history of IBD?","volume":"14","author":"Radford-Smith","year":"2008","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.51.6.808","article-title":"Protective role of appendicectomy on onset and severity of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease","volume":"51","author":"Radford-Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.29.3.342","article-title":"Symptoms and stool patterns in patients with ulcerative colitis","volume":"29","author":"Rao","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.117","article-title":"Lack of utility of symptoms and signs at first presentation as predictors of inflammatory bowel disease in secondary care","volume":"110","author":"Ford","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.016","article-title":"Natural history of adult ulcerative colitis in population-based cohorts: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Fumery","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.028","article-title":"Diagnosis and classification of ulcerative colitis","volume":"13","author":"Conrad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.09.001","article-title":"Diagnostics of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"133","author":"Nikolaus","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1093\/gastro\/gou031","article-title":"Histological evaluation in ulcerative colitis","volume":"2","author":"DeRoche","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-28032014000400003","article-title":"Focal enhanced gastritis and macrophage microaggregates in the gastric mucosa: potential role in the differential diagnosis between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis","volume":"51","author":"Magalhaes-Costa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arq Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.01851.x","article-title":"Focal gastric inflammatory infiltrates in inflammatory bowel diseases: prevalence, immunohistochemical characteristics, and diagnostic role","volume":"95","author":"Parente","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21847","article-title":"Toxic megacolon","volume":"18","author":"Autenrieth","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2004.02.005","article-title":"Medical management of severe ulcerative colitis","volume":"33","author":"Chang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07696.x","article-title":"A new look at toxic megacolon: an update and review of incidence, etiology, pathogenesis, and management","volume":"98","author":"Gan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20500","article-title":"Clostridium difficile and inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"14","author":"Issa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2017.1300143","article-title":"Increased subsequent risk of inflammatory bowel disease association in patients with chronic pancreatitis: a nationwide population-based cohort study","volume":"33","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.01892.x","article-title":"Initial presentation of ulcerative colitis with acute pancreatitis","volume":"95","author":"Nizam","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e31827fd4a2","article-title":"The characteristics of ulcerative colitis associated with autoimmune pancreatitis","volume":"47","author":"Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20898","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease in the setting of autoimmune pancreatitis","volume":"15","author":"Ravi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200107000-00024","article-title":"Acute pancreatitis as the first presentation of ulcerative colitis","volume":"33","author":"Schafer","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12794","article-title":"Systematic review: the epidemiology of the hepatobiliary manifestations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"40","author":"Gizard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21537","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors for gallstones in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a large case-control study","volume":"45","author":"Parente","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3931","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i25.3931","article-title":"Why interleukin-10 supplementation does not work in Crohn's disease patients","volume":"19","author":"Marlow","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7227","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v11.i46.7227","article-title":"Extraintestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"11","author":"Danese","year":"2005","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjv232","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of extra-intestinal manifestations in a large cohort of Greek patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"10","author":"Karmiris","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Crohns Ccolitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000429","article-title":"Chronological order of appearance of extraintestinal manifestations relative to the time of IBD diagnosis in the swiss inflammatory bowel disease cohort","volume":"21","author":"Vavricka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2015.08.002","article-title":"Extraintestinal manifestations associated with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"95","author":"Brown","year":"2015","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0065","first-page":"173","article-title":"Rheumatological manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"24","author":"Voulgari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annals of gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.2147\/CEG.S136383","article-title":"Characterization and prevalence of spondyloarthritis and peripheral arthritis among patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"10","author":"Malaty","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Exp Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5517","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.5517","article-title":"Rheumatic manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"15","author":"Rodriguez-Reyna","year":"2009","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.10.018","article-title":"Skin manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"26","author":"Timani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.04.033","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with an increased risk of melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjv178","article-title":"Ocular manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease are associated with other extra-intestinal manifestations, gender, and genes implicated in other immune-related traits","volume":"10","author":"Taleban","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.15171\/jnp.2017.42","article-title":"Nephrolithiasis as a common urinary system manifestation of inflammatory bowel diseases: a clinical review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Ganji-Arjenaki","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Nephropathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21468","article-title":"Renal manifestations and complications of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"17","author":"Oikonomou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-200303000-00004","article-title":"Pulmonary manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"9","author":"Storch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1737.191877","article-title":"Alterations of pulmonary function in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"11","author":"Ji","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s12959-015-0044-2","article-title":"Thrombosis in inflammatory bowel diseases: what's the link?","volume":"13","author":"Giannotta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thrombosis J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1080\/003655200750023589","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease promotes venous thrombosis earlier in life","volume":"35","author":"Grip","year":"2000","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.025411","article-title":"Is inflammatory bowel disease an independent and disease specific risk factor for thromboembolism?","volume":"53","author":"Miehsler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0078","article-title":"Risk of cerebrovascular accidents and ischemic heart disease in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13863","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i38.13863","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease and thromboembolism","volume":"20","author":"Zezos","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0080","first-page":"e29","article-title":"Intestinal and extraintestinal cancers associated with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"17","author":"Chang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Colorectal Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.01.055","article-title":"Epidemiology and natural history of inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"140","author":"Cosnes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-303864","article-title":"Natural history of elderly-onset inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based cohort study","volume":"63","author":"Charpentier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/136960","article-title":"Characterization of inflammatory bowel disease in elderly patients: a review of epidemiology, current practices and outcomes of current management strategies","volume":"29","author":"Stepaniuk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.14423\/SMJ.0000000000000571","article-title":"Demographic and clinical characteristics of a predominantly Hispanic population with inflammatory bowel disease on the US-Mexico border","volume":"109","author":"Mendoza Ladd","year":"2016","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00504.x","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease characteristics among African Americans, Hispanics, and non-Hispanic Whites: characterization of a large North American cohort","volume":"101","author":"Nguyen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2012.393","article-title":"Phenotypic manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease differ between Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites: results of a large cohort study","volume":"108","author":"Damas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2006.09.026","article-title":"Racial and geographic variations in colectomy rates among hospitalized ulcerative colitis patients","volume":"4","author":"Nguyen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21796","article-title":"Comparison of the natural history of ulcerative colitis in African Americans and non-Hispanic Caucasians: a historical cohort study","volume":"18","author":"Moore","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.190","article-title":"Distribution and manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease in Asians, Hispanics, and African Americans: a systematic review","volume":"104","author":"Hou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-015-3895-2","article-title":"Analysis of hospital-based emergency department visits for inflammatory bowel disease in the USA","volume":"61","author":"Gajendran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i3.1017","article-title":"How to predict clinical relapse in inflammatory bowel disease patients","volume":"22","author":"Liverani","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000001214","article-title":"Clinical predictors and natural history of disease extension in patients with ulcerative proctitis","volume":"23","author":"Walsh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giec.2016.06.009","article-title":"Role of histologic inflammation in the natural history of ulcerative colitis","volume":"26","author":"Patil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2017.07.001","article-title":"A comprehensive review and update on Crohn's disease","volume":"64","author":"Gajendran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dis Mon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2004.01945.x","article-title":"Predicting the outcome of severe ulcerative colitis: development of a novel risk score to aid early selection of patients for second\u2010line medical therapy or surgery","volume":"19","author":"Ho","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-200108000-00003","article-title":"Evaluation of serologic disease markers in a population-based cohort of patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease","volume":"7","author":"Sandborn","year":"2001","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0097","first-page":"449","article-title":"Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannan antibodies and antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies in Greek patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"96","author":"Koutroubakis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200209000-00013","article-title":"Evaluation of serological markers to differentiate between ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease: pANCA, ASCA and agglutinating antibodies to anaerobic coccoid rods","volume":"14","author":"Linskens","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.043406","article-title":"Calprotectin is a stronger predictive marker of relapse in ulcerative colitis than in Crohn's disease","volume":"54","author":"Costa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2009.12.003","article-title":"The second European evidence-based consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn's disease: definitions and diagnosis","volume":"4","author":"Van Assche","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjv047","article-title":"Association between the ulcerative colitis endoscopic index of severity (UCEIS) and outcomes in acute severe ulcerative colitis","volume":"9","author":"Corte","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-4-9","article-title":"Inter-observer agreement in the assessment of endoscopic findings in ulcerative colitis","volume":"4","author":"de Lange","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-014-3129-z","article-title":"Appendiceal skip inflammation and ulcerative colitis","volume":"59","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3495","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-010-1424-x","article-title":"The peri-appendiceal red patch in ulcerative colitis: review of the University of Chicago experience","volume":"55","author":"Rubin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20398","article-title":"Endoscopic evaluation of patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"14","author":"Simpson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2013.09.016","article-title":"European evidence based consensus for endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"7","author":"Annese","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.20912","article-title":"Clinical, biological, and histologic parameters as predictors of relapse in ulcerative colitis","volume":"120","author":"Bitton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2013.06.001","article-title":"European consensus on the histopathology of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"7","author":"Magro","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2016.10.034","article-title":"Advanced endoscopy imaging in inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"85","author":"Kiesslich","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2017.174","article-title":"Colorectal cancer screening: recommendations for physicians and patients from the U.S. multi-society task force on colorectal cancer","volume":"112","author":"Rex","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.48.4.526","article-title":"The risk of colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis: a meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"Eaden","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.4253\/wjge.v4.i4.108","article-title":"Colorectal cancer surveillance in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: what is new?","volume":"4","author":"Guagnozzi","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2002.125367","article-title":"Increased risk of colorectal neoplasia in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis: a meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"Soetikno","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.01.031","article-title":"SCENIC international consensus statement on surveillance and management of dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"148","author":"Laine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0115","first-page":"53","article-title":"Current management of inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer","volume":"4","author":"Mattar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastrointest Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.002","article-title":"Screening and surveillance for the early detection of colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps, 2008: a joint guideline from the American Cancer Society, the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer, and the American College of Radiology","volume":"134","author":"Levin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000532","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with inflammatory bowel disease: an update","volume":"28","author":"Rossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.12.037","article-title":"AGA medical position statement on the diagnosis and management of colorectal neoplasia in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"138","author":"Farraye","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2006.02.005","article-title":"ASGE guideline: endoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"63","author":"Leighton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MIB.0000160811.76729.d5","article-title":"Consensus conference: colorectal cancer screening and surveillance in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"11","author":"Itzkowitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2012.09.005","article-title":"Second European evidence-based consensus on the diagnosis and management of ulcerative colitis part 3: special situations","volume":"7","author":"Van Assche","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.04.059","article-title":"Chromoendoscopy: a new vision for colonoscopic surveillance in IBD","volume":"131","author":"Farraye","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2012.67","article-title":"Narrow band imaging for detection of dysplasia in colitis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"107","author":"Ignjatovic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2014.12.009","article-title":"SCENIC international consensus statement on surveillance and management of dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"81","author":"Laine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.3.390","article-title":"Diagnosing small bowel Crohn's disease with wireless capsule endoscopy","volume":"52","author":"Fireman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0b013e32835bdc03","article-title":"Video capsule endoscopy of the small bowel","volume":"29","author":"Eliakim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X11401645","article-title":"PillCam COLON capsule endoscopy: recent advances and new insights","volume":"4","author":"Adler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ther Adv Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1309819","article-title":"The use of Pillcam Colon in assessing mucosal inflammation in ulcerative colitis: a multicenter study","volume":"44","author":"Sung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0b013e32835bdc03","article-title":"Video capsule endoscopy of the small bowel","volume":"29","author":"Eliakim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0b013e318280e75f","article-title":"Correlation between the endoscopic and histologic score in assessing the activity of ulcerative colitis","volume":"19","author":"Lemmens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0b013e318281f4ae","article-title":"Clinical implications of histologic abnormalities in colonic biopsy specimens from patients with ulcerative colitis in clinical remission","volume":"19","author":"Feagins","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2012.09.003","article-title":"Second European evidence-based consensus on the diagnosis and management of ulcerative colitis. Part 1: definitions and diagnosis","volume":"6","author":"Dignass","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.32.12.1514","article-title":"Histopathological evaluation of colonic mucosal biopsy specimens in chronic inflammatory bowel disease: diagnostic implications","volume":"32","author":"Seldenrijk","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.55.12.955","article-title":"How could pathologists improve the initial diagnosis of colitis? Evidence from an international workshop","volume":"55","author":"Bentley","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0135","first-page":"511","article-title":"The histopathological approach to inflammatory bowel disease: a practice guide","volume":"464","author":"Langner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2013.06.001","article-title":"European consensus on the histopathology of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"7","author":"Magro","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2012.09.002","article-title":"Second European evidence-based consensus on the diagnosis and management of ulcerative colitis part 2: current management","volume":"6","author":"Dignass","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2013.02.020","article-title":"Imaging techniques for assessment of inflammatory bowel disease: joint ECCO and ESGAR evidence-based consensus guidelines","volume":"7","author":"Panes","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32126-2","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis","volume":"389","author":"Ungaro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.176.5.1761105","article-title":"CT of bowel wall thickening","volume":"176","author":"Macari","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1093\/gastro\/gou026","article-title":"Radiographical evaluation of ulcerative colitis","volume":"2","author":"Deepak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.07.006","article-title":"Strategies for the care of adults hospitalized for active ulcerative colitis","volume":"10","author":"Pola","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.10.005","article-title":"Advances in use of endoscopy, radiology, and biomarkers to monitor inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"152","author":"Panes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-303240","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance colonography for the evaluation of disease activity and severity in ulcerative colitis: a prospective study","volume":"62","author":"Ordas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2009.197665","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance without bowel preparation for detecting colonic inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"59","author":"Oussalah","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5375.89","article-title":"Variation between observers in describing mucosal appearances in proctocolitis","volume":"1","author":"Baron","year":"1964","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.082909","article-title":"The Montreal classification of inflammatory bowel disease: controversies, consensus, and implications","volume":"55","author":"Satsangi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198712243172603","article-title":"Coated oral 5-aminosalicylic acid therapy for mildly to moderately active ulcerative colitis. A randomized study","volume":"317","author":"Schroeder","year":"1987","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.727","article-title":"Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology. Ulcerative colitis practice guidelines in adults: American College of Gastroenterology, Practice Parameters Committee","volume":"105","author":"Kornbluth","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.06.001","article-title":"Defining disease severity in inflammatory bowel diseases: current and future directions","volume":"14","author":"Peyrin-Biroulet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.056358","article-title":"Patient defined dichotomous end points for remission and clinical improvement in ulcerative colitis","volume":"54","author":"Higgins","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.12.038","article-title":"A review of activity indices and efficacy end points for clinical trials of medical therapy in adults with ulcerative colitis","volume":"132","author":"D'Haens","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.12.038","article-title":"A review of activity indices and efficacy end points for clinical trials of medical therapy in adults with ulcerative colitis","volume":"132","author":"D'Haens","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.01.015","article-title":"Mucosal healing is associated with improved long-term outcomes of patients with ulcerative colitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Shah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02236902","article-title":"Comparison of oral with rectal mesalazine in the treatment of ulcerative proctitis","volume":"41","author":"Gionchetti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2009.08.003","article-title":"Mesalazine vanishing time from rectal mucosa following its topical administration","volume":"4","author":"Pimpo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.02185.x","article-title":"Long-term use of mesalamine (Rowasa) suppositories in remission maintenance of ulcerative proctitis","volume":"95","author":"Hanauer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.67","article-title":"Efficacy of 5-aminosalicylates in ulcerative colitis: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"106","author":"Ford","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.410","article-title":"Efficacy of oral vs. topical, or combined oral and topical 5-aminosalicylates, in ulcerative colitis: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"107","author":"Ford","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.060103","article-title":"Combined oral and enema treatment with Pentasa (mesalazine) is superior to oral therapy alone in patients with extensive mild\/moderate active ulcerative colitis: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study","volume":"54","author":"Marteau","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0161","article-title":"Oral 5\u2010aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis","author":"Sutherland","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0162","first-page":"1867","article-title":"A double-blind comparison of oral versus rectal mesalamine versus combination therapy in the treatment of distal ulcerative colitis","volume":"92","author":"Safdi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.03.001","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the medical management of nonhospitalized ulcerative colitis: the Toronto consensus","volume":"148","author":"Bressler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0164","first-page":"CD000543","article-title":"Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis","volume":"10","author":"Feagan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2478","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.00248.x","article-title":"Delayed-release oral mesalamine at 4.8 g\/day (800 mg tablet) for the treatment of moderately active ulcerative colitis: the ASCEND II trial","volume":"100","author":"Hanauer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2002.01150.x","article-title":"A double-blind comparison of balsalazide, 6.75 g daily, and sulfasalazine, 3 g daily, in patients with newly diagnosed or relapsed active ulcerative colitis","volume":"16","author":"Green","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.1992.tb00544.x","article-title":"Clinical tolerance to three 5-aminosalicylic acid releasing preparations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease intolerant or allergic to sulphasalazine","volume":"6","author":"Giaffer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528709078600","article-title":"Clinical experience of the tolerance of mesalazine and olsalazine in patients intolerant of sulphasalazine","volume":"22","author":"Rao","year":"1987","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(87)90253-8","article-title":"Olsalazine sodium in the treatment of ulcerative colitis among patients intolerant of sulfasalazine. A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, dose-ranging clinical trial","volume":"93","author":"Meyers","year":"1987","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0170","first-page":"CD000543","article-title":"Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis","author":"Sutherland","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.01.037","article-title":"Budesonide foam induces remission in patients with mild to moderate ulcerative proctitis and ulcerative proctosigmoiditis","volume":"148","author":"Sandborn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.40.6.775","article-title":"Rectal corticosteroids versus alternative treatments in ulcerative colitis: a meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Marshall","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mib.0000231495.92013.5e","article-title":"Medical management of left-sided ulcerative colitis and ulcerative proctitis: critical evaluation of therapeutic trials","volume":"12","author":"Regueiro","year":"2006","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-199606000-00010","article-title":"Beclomethasone dipropionate (3 mg) versus 5-aminosalicylic acid (2 g) versus the combination of both (3 mg\/2 g) as retention enemas in active ulcerative proctitis","volume":"8","author":"Mulder","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.10.011","article-title":"Once-daily, high-concentration MMX mesalamine in active ulcerative colitis","volume":"132","author":"Kamm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2006.10.025","article-title":"Effect of once-or twice-daily MMX mesalamine (SPD476) for the induction of remission of mild to moderately active ulcerative colitis","volume":"5","author":"Lichtenstein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjx009","article-title":"Third European evidence-based consensus on diagnosis and management of ulcerative colitis. Part 2: current management","volume":"11","author":"Harbord","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12712","article-title":"Review article: integrating budesonide-MMX into treatment algorithms for mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis","volume":"39","author":"Danese","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13076","article-title":"Induction of clinical and colonoscopic remission of mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis with budesonide MMX 9 mg: pooled analysis of two phase 3 studies","volume":"41","author":"Sandborn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-304258","article-title":"Once-daily budesonide MMX in active, mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis: results from the randomised CORE II study","volume":"63","author":"Travis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5321.1708","article-title":"Comparison of corticosteroid and sulphasalazine therapy in ulcerative colitis","volume":"2","author":"Truelove","year":"1962","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1038\/ajgsup.2016.16","article-title":"Established management paradigms in IBD: treatment targets and therapeutic tools","volume":"3","author":"Regueiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.03.003","article-title":"Infliximab as rescue therapy in severe to moderately severe ulcerative colitis: a randomized, placebo-controlled study","volume":"128","author":"Jarnerot","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2462","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050516","article-title":"Infliximab for induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis","volume":"353","author":"Rutgeerts","year":"2005","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.221127","article-title":"Adalimumab for induction of clinical remission in moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis: results of a randomised controlled trial","volume":"60","author":"Reinisch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.05.048","article-title":"Subcutaneous golimumab induces clinical response and remission in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis","volume":"146","author":"Sandborn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2462","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050516","article-title":"Infliximab for induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis","volume":"353","author":"Rutgeerts","year":"2005","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.10.052","article-title":"Combination therapy with infliximab and azathioprine is superior to monotherapy with either agent in ulcerative colitis","volume":"146","author":"Panaccione","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-311079","article-title":"The safety of vedolizumab for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease","volume":"66","author":"Colombel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1215734","article-title":"Vedolizumab as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis","volume":"369","author":"Feagan","year":"2013","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1606910","article-title":"Tofacitinib as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis","volume":"376","author":"Sandborn","year":"2017","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1112168","article-title":"Tofacitinib, an oral Janus kinase inhibitor, in active ulcerative colitis","volume":"367","author":"Sandborn","year":"2012","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.07.027","article-title":"Tofacitinib is the right OCTAVE for ulcerative colitis","volume":"153","author":"Pouillon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/283617","article-title":"JAK inhibitors: treatment efficacy and safety profile in patients with psoriasis","volume":"2014","author":"Hsu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.10.050","article-title":"Methotrexate is not superior to placebo for inducing steroid-free remission, but induces steroid-free clinical remission in a larger proportion of patients with ulcerative colitis","volume":"150","author":"Carbonnel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1606910","article-title":"Tofacitinib as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis","volume":"376","author":"Sandborn","year":"2017","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0197","first-page":"400","article-title":"Long-term efficacy of vedolizumab for ulcerative colitis","volume":"11","author":"Loftus","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.08.044","article-title":"Efficacy of vedolizumab induction and maintenance therapy in patients with ulcerative colitis, regardless of prior exposure to tumor necrosis factor antagonists","volume":"15","author":"Feagan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.7326\/M13-2403","article-title":"Biological agents for moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"160","author":"Danese","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(85)90201-X","article-title":"Intensive intravenous treatment of ulcerative colitis","volume":"89","author":"J\u00e4rnerot","year":"1985","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20644","article-title":"Local application of tacrolimus in distal colitis: feasible and safe","volume":"15","author":"van Dieren","year":"2008","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12118","article-title":"Short\u2010term efficacy of tacrolimus in steroid\u2010refractory ulcerative colitis\u2014experience in 130 patients","volume":"37","author":"Schmidt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(94)90394-8","article-title":"A placebo-controlled trial of cyclosporine enemas for mildly to moderately active left-sided ulcerative colitis","volume":"106","author":"Sandborn","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2008.03841.x","article-title":"Rectal tacrolimus in the treatment of resistant ulcerative proctitis","volume":"28","author":"Lawrance","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2010.04293.x","article-title":"Infliximab for refractory ulcerative proctitis","volume":"31","author":"Bouguen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.45.4.542","article-title":"Restorative proctocolectomy for distal ulcerative colitis","volume":"45","author":"Brunel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12473","article-title":"Outcomes of rescue therapy in acute severe ulcerative colitis: data from the United Kingdom inflammatory bowel disease audit","volume":"38","author":"Lynch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2009.192765","article-title":"Management of acute severe ulcerative colitis","volume":"60","author":"Van Assche","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)90552-2","article-title":"Intensive intravenous regimen for severe attacks of ulcerative colitis","volume":"303","author":"Truelove","year":"1974","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-199002000-00011","article-title":"High-dose methylprednisolone in the treatment of active ulcerative colitis","volume":"12","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2006.09.033","article-title":"Response to corticosteroids in severe ulcerative colitis: a systematic review of the literature and a meta-regression","volume":"5","author":"Turner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61084-8","article-title":"Ciclosporin versus infliximab in patients with severe ulcerative colitis refractory to intravenous steroids: a parallel, open-label randomised controlled trial","volume":"380","author":"Laharie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjw031","article-title":"Similar short- and long-term colectomy rates with ciclosporin and infliximab treatment in hospitalised ulcerative colitis patients","volume":"10","author":"Duijvis","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.01.004","article-title":"Impact of hospital volume on postoperative morbidity and mortality following a colectomy for ulcerative colitis","volume":"134","author":"Kaplan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.6874","article-title":"Delayed surgery for acute severe colitis is associated with increased risk of postoperative complications","volume":"97","author":"Randall","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.03949.x","article-title":"Outcome of cytomegalovirus infections in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"96","author":"Papadakis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12473","article-title":"Outcomes of rescue therapy in acute severe ulcerative colitis: data from the United Kingdom inflammatory bowel disease audit","volume":"38","author":"Lynch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.228585","article-title":"Thromboembolic risk among Danish children and adults with inflammatory bowel diseases: a population-based nationwide study","volume":"60","author":"Kappelman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.27.5.481","article-title":"Controlled trial of bowel rest in the treatment of severe acute colitis","volume":"27","author":"McIntyre","year":"1986","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jju009","article-title":"European consensus on the diagnosis and management of iron deficiency and anaemia in inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"9","author":"Dignass","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1159\/000228570","article-title":"Surgery in ulcerative colitis: indication and timing","volume":"27","author":"Andersson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dig Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200609000-00002","article-title":"Quality of life after proctocolectomy with ileoanal anastomosis for patients with ulcerative colitis","volume":"40","author":"Lichtenstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2018.13","article-title":"Ileocecal anastomosis type significantly influences long-term functional status, quality of life, and healthcare utilization in postoperative Crohn's disease patients independent of inflammation recurrence","volume":"113","author":"Gajendran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181e61e69","article-title":"Colorectal cancer complicating inflammatory bowel disease: similarities and differences between Crohn's and ulcerative colitis based on three decades of experience","volume":"252","author":"Kiran","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39345.714039.55","article-title":"Mortality in patients with and without colectomy admitted to hospital for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease: record linkage studies","volume":"335","author":"Roberts","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0226","series-title":"The ASCRS Textbook of Colon and Rectal Surgery","first-page":"417","article-title":"Colorectal neoplasms: screening and surveillance after polypectomy","author":"Carchman","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3833","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i29.3833","article-title":"Role of surgery in severe ulcerative colitis in the era of medical rescue therapy","volume":"18","author":"Dayan","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2007.11.002","article-title":"European evidence-based consensus on the management of ulcerative colitis: current management","volume":"2","author":"Travis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0229","first-page":"66","article-title":"Emerging biologic therapies in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"4","author":"Lim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev Gastroenterol Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20863","article-title":"Corticosteroids but not infliximab increase short-term postoperative infectious complications in patients with ulcerative colitis","volume":"15","author":"Ferrante","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-007-9008-3","article-title":"Does infliximab influence surgical morbidity of ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in patients with ulcerative colitis?","volume":"50","author":"Schluender","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2006.12.044","article-title":"Effect of infliximab on short-term complications in patients undergoing operation for chronic ulcerative colitis","volume":"204","author":"Selvasekar","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-008-9364-7","article-title":"Infliximab in ulcerative colitis is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications after restorative proctocolectomy","volume":"51","author":"Mor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/S1072-7515(03)00434-4","article-title":"Subtotal colectomy for severe acute colitis: a 20-year experience of a tertiary care center with an aggressive and early surgical policy","volume":"197","author":"Alves","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1007\/DCR.0b013e31820347b4","article-title":"Minimally invasive pouch surgery for ulcerative colitis: is there a benefit in staging?","volume":"54","author":"Pandey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1002\/msj.20152","article-title":"Current surgical management of ulcerative colitis","volume":"76","author":"Grucela","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mt Sinai J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0237","series-title":"Ulcerative Colitis: Surgical Management","first-page":"869","author":"Krane","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199206000-00002","article-title":"The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection","volume":"30","author":"Ware","year":"1992","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0239","first-page":"321","article-title":"Objective assessment of quality of life following panproctocolectomy and ileostomy for ulcerative colitis","volume":"83","author":"Camilleri-Brennan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02054684","article-title":"Conversion of the failing ileoanal pouch to reservoir-ileostomy rather than to ileostomy alone","volume":"39","author":"Ecker","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1080\/21548331.1977.11707113","article-title":"The continent ileostomy in the pediatric patient","volume":"12","author":"Gelernt","year":"1977","journal-title":"Hosp Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.6809","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of ileorectal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis","volume":"97","author":"da Luz Moreira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(85)80004-0","article-title":"Complications and quality of life after ileorectal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis","volume":"149","author":"Oakley","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02134178","article-title":"Long-term results of ileorectal anastomosis in ulcerative colitis in Stockholm County","volume":"33","author":"Leijonmarck","year":"1990","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02070712","article-title":"Total abdominal colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis for inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"40","author":"Pastore","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31828e7417","article-title":"Risk and location of cancer in patients with preoperative colitis-associated dysplasia undergoing proctocolectomy","volume":"259","author":"Kiran","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-004-0950-z","article-title":"Sphincter defects are not associated with long-term incontinence following ileal pouch-anal anastomosis","volume":"48","author":"Gearhart","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-1318.2003.00509.x","article-title":"Adjuvant vs. neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: the German trial CAO\/ARO\/AIO-94","volume":"5","author":"Sauer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1080\/110241599750006613","article-title":"Total mesorectal excision (TME) with or without preoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of primary rectal cancer. Prospective randomised trial with standard operative and histopathological techniques. Dutch ColoRectal Cancer Group","volume":"165","author":"Kapiteijn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2013.01.017","article-title":"Preoperative pelvic radiation increases the risk for ileal pouch failure in patients with colitis-associated colorectal cancer","volume":"7","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1007\/DCR.0b013e3181db7029","article-title":"Restorative proctectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in obese patients","volume":"53","author":"Canedo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800740705","article-title":"Restorative proctocolectomy: the four loop (W) reservoir","volume":"74","author":"Nicholls","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0253","first-page":"638","article-title":"The W ileal reservoir: long-term assessment after proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis and familial polyposis","volume":"112","author":"Harms","year":"1992","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)90099-K","article-title":"Comparison of triplicated (S) and quadruplicated (W) pelvic ileal reservoirs","volume":"102","author":"Sagar","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02156269","article-title":"Improvement of anal sensation with preservation of the anal transition zone after ileoanal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis","volume":"33","author":"Miller","year":"1990","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-007-0321-x","article-title":"Preservation of the anal transition zone in ulcerative colitis. Long-term effects on defecatory function","volume":"11","author":"Fichera","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02049314","article-title":"Transanal mucosectomy. Ileal pouch advancement for anorectal dysplasia or inflammation after restorative proctocolectomy","volume":"37","author":"Fazio","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02049836","article-title":"Anal canal inflammation after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. The need for treatment","volume":"38","author":"Lavery","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02556908","article-title":"Does rectal mucosa regenerate after ileoanal anastomosis?","volume":"30","author":"O'Connell","year":"1987","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02236846","article-title":"Incidence and natural history of dysplasia of the anal transitional zone after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis","volume":"43","author":"O'Riordain","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.06.003","article-title":"Chronic inflammatory changes in the anal transition zone after stapled ileal pouch-anal anastomosis: is mucosectomy a superior alternative?","volume":"144","author":"Silvestri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0262","first-page":"1285","article-title":"The risk of cancer and dysplasia among ulcerative colitis patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"92","author":"Marchesa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"f432","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f432","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis","volume":"346","author":"Ford","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13763","article-title":"Systematic review: outcomes and post-operative complications following colectomy for ulcerative colitis","volume":"44","author":"Peyrin-Biroulet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.07.016","article-title":"Postoperative complications and mortality following colectomy for ulcerative colitis","volume":"9","author":"de Silva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-005-0081-2","article-title":"Postoperative management of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease","volume":"7","author":"Keswani","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Gastroenterol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-005-0011-3","article-title":"Pouchitis: a spectrum of diseases","volume":"7","author":"Shen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Gastroenterol Rep"},{"issue":"5 Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S44","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcg.0000124001.93146.ef","article-title":"The diagnosis and treatment of pouchitis in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"38","author":"Cheifetz","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31827d99a2","article-title":"Ileal pouch anal anastomosis: analysis of outcome and quality of life in 3707 patients","volume":"257","author":"Fazio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13197","article-title":"Systematic review: the financial burden of surgical complications in patients with ulcerative colitis","volume":"41","author":"Lindsay","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/den.12744","article-title":"Pouchitis after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in ulcerative colitis: Diagnosis, management, risk factors, and incidence","volume":"29","author":"Hata","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dig Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)00325-1","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of pouchitis","volume":"124","author":"Mahadevan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)61634-6","article-title":"Pouchitis after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis: a Pouchitis Disease Activity Index","volume":"69","author":"Sandborn","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(94)90832-X","article-title":"Pouchitis following ileal pouch-anal anastomosis: definition, pathogenesis, and treatment","volume":"107","author":"Sandborn","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-200111000-00004","article-title":"A randomized clinical trial of ciprofloxacin and metronidazole to treat acute pouchitis","volume":"7","author":"Shen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.9370","article-title":"Oral bacteriotherapy as maintenance treatment in patients with chronic pouchitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"119","author":"Gionchetti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.53.1.108","article-title":"Once daily high dose probiotic therapy (VSL#3) for maintaining remission in recurrent or refractory pouchitis","volume":"53","author":"Mimura","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0278","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.40778.x","article-title":"Comprehensive evaluation of inflammatory and noninflammatory sequelae of ileal pouch-anal anastomoses","volume":"100","author":"Shen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2004.30518.x","article-title":"Treatment of rectal cuff inflammation (cuffitis) in patients with ulcerative colitis following restorative proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis","volume":"99","author":"Shen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.02.012","article-title":"Fecal lactoferrin for diagnosis of symptomatic patients with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis","volume":"126","author":"Parsi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.184.6.01841843","article-title":"Crohn's disease in the ileal pouch after total colectomy for ulcerative colitis: findings on pouch enemas in six patients","volume":"184","author":"Wagner-Bartak","year":"2005","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2003.01535.x","article-title":"Infliximab in refractory pouchitis complicated by fistulae following ileo-anal pouch for ulcerative colitis","volume":"17","author":"Viscido","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004_bib0283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izx049","article-title":"Systematic review with meta-analysis: anti-TNF therapy in refractory pouchitis and Crohn's disease-like complications of the pouch after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis following colectomy for ulcerative colitis","volume":"24","author":"Huguet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"}],"container-title":["Disease-a-Month"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0011502919300318?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0011502919300318?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T01:01:04Z","timestamp":1757898064000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0011502919300318"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"references-count":283,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0011502919300318"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0011-5029"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0011-5029","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A comprehensive review and update on ulcerative colitis,","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Disease-a-Month","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.disamonth.2019.02.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100851"}}