{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T04:01:23Z","timestamp":1774929683147,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Disease-a-Month"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2021.101166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T23:03:55Z","timestamp":1614639835000},"page":"101166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparing the sub-gingival levels of Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, Porphyromonas gingivalis in human immunodeficiency virus-1 seropositive patients with and without antiretroviral therapy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Supriya","family":"Kheur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meena","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pratiksha G","family":"Mahajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohit","family":"Kheur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. Thirumal","family":"Raj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shankargouda","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamran Habib","family":"Awan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2021.101166_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322009000500014","article-title":"Oral complications of HIV disease","volume":"64","author":"Leao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2021.101166_bib0002","unstructured":"Delhi N. Current Epidemiological Scenario of HIV \/AIDS in India\u00a0: national Response\u00a0; a Rhetoric or Reality NACP III\u00a0: accomplishments and Critical Analysis\u00a0: how Far are We\u00a0? 2014;1(8):191\u2013201."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2021.101166_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1993.tb01074.x","article-title":"Classification and diagnostic criteria for oral lesions in HIV infection. EC-clearinghouse on oral problems related to HIV Infection and WHO collaborating centre on oral manifestations of the immunodeficiency virus*","volume":"22","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2021.101166_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1994.65.5.393","article-title":"Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis: a marker for immune deterioration and a predictor for the diagnosis of AIDS","volume":"65","author":"Glick","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2021.101166_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2000.tb00326.x","article-title":"Oral lesions and conditions associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection in 300 south Indian patients","volume":"6","author":"Ranganathan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2021.101166_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910408300504","article-title":"Increase in HIV Receptors\/Co-receptors\/\u03b1-defensins in Inflamed Human Gingiva","volume":"83","author":"Jotwani","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2021.101166_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2008.01307.x","article-title":"Herpes viruses in periodontal compromised sites: comparison between HIV-positive and -negative patients","volume":"35","author":"Grande","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2021.101166_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2011.12.001","article-title":"The periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis induces the Epstein\u2013Barr virus lytic switch transactivator ZEBRA by histone modification","volume":"94","author":"Imai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2021.101166_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(02)00317-1","article-title":"Synergism between HIV and other viruses in the mouth","volume":"2","author":"Mbopi-K\u00e9ou","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2021.101166_bib0010","first-page":"222","article-title":"The community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN) procedure for population groups and individuals","volume":"37","author":"Cutress","year":"1987","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2021.101166_bib0011","first-page":"101","article-title":"Effectiveness of ultrasonic instruments in the therapy of severe periodontitis: a comparative clinical-microbiological assessment with curettes","volume":"29","author":"D'Ercole","year":"2006","journal-title":"New Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2021.101166_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2003.44.6.1001","article-title":"Detection and Typing of HSV-1, HSV-2, CMV and EBV by Quadruplex PCR","volume":"44","author":"Shin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2021.101166_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12079","article-title":"HIV-associated chronic immune activation","volume":"254","author":"Paiardini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2021.101166_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3390\/v9030058","article-title":"Virus-bacteria interactions: an emerging topic in human infection","volume":"9","author":"Almand","year":"2017","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2021.101166_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.1994.tb00020.x","article-title":"Microbial etiological agents of destructive periodontal diseases","volume":"5","author":"Haffajee","year":"1994","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2021.101166_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2004.00728.x","article-title":"Herpesviral-bacterial interrelationships in aggressive periodontitis","volume":"39","author":"Saygun","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2021.101166_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1601-0825.2003.00994.x","article-title":"Effect of PI-HAART on the prevalence of oral lesions in HIV-1 infected patients. A Greek study","volume":"10","author":"Nicolatou-Galitis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2021.101166_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2013.05.002","article-title":"Periodontal disease in HIV-infected adults in the HAART era: clinical, immunological, and microbiological aspects","volume":"58","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2021.101166_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910408300212","article-title":"Incidence of Oral Lesions in HIV-1-infected women: reduction with HAART","volume":"83","author":"Greenspan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2021.101166_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2542","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.4.2542","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis Selectively Up-Regulates the HIV-1 Coreceptor CCR5 in Oral Keratinocytes","volume":"179","author":"Giacaman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2021.101166_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1999.tb02019.x","article-title":"HIV infection: oral lesions, CD4\u00a0+\u00a0cell count and viral load in an ltalian study population","volume":"28","author":"Margiotta","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2021.101166_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.17126\/joralres.2016.036","article-title":"Detection of EBV, CMV and HSV-1 in subgingival samples of HIV positive and negative patients with chronic periodontitis","volume":"5","author":"Escalona","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Oral Res"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2021.101166_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328330f62d","article-title":"Characteristics of non-Hodgkin lymphoma arising in HIV-infected patients with suppressed HIV replication","volume":"23","author":"G\u00e9rard","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2021.101166_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200204)32:4<1080::AID-IMMU1080>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Functional restoration of human immunodeficiency virus and Epstein-Barr virus-specific CD8+ T cells during highly active antiretroviral therapy is associated with an increase in CD4+ T cells","volume":"32","author":"Kostense","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2021.101166_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.3390\/v2040867","article-title":"The Effect of Antiretroviral Combination Treatment on Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Genome Load in HIV-Infected Patients","volume":"2","author":"Friis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2021.101166_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2445","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200311210-00006","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus-specific IFN-\u03b3 production is associated with protection against cytomegalovirus reactivation in HIV-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"17","author":"Weinberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2021.101166_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200201040-00009","article-title":"Dynamics of Epstein\u2013Barr virus in HIV-1-infected subjects on highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"16","author":"Righetti","year":"2002","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2021.101166_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200205030-00005","article-title":"High Epstein\u2013Barr virus (EBV) DNA loads in HIV-infected patients: correlation with antiretroviral therapy and quantitative EBV serology","volume":"16","author":"Stevens","year":"2002","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2021.101166_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-6405-7-19","article-title":"The impact of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) on the clinical features of HIV - related oral lesions in Nigeria","volume":"7","author":"Taiwo","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS Res Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2021.101166_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofw073","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofw073","article-title":"Immunological Signaling During Herpes Simplex Virus-2 and Cytomegalovirus vaginal shedding after initiation of antiretroviral treatment","volume":"3","author":"Nason","year":"2016","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Disease-a-Month"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0011502921000390?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0011502921000390?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T01:01:54Z","timestamp":1757898114000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0011502921000390"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0011502921000390"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.disamonth.2021.101166","relation":{},"ISSN":["0011-5029"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0011-5029","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparing the sub-gingival levels of Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, Porphyromonas gingivalis in human immunodeficiency virus-1 seropositive patients with and without antiretroviral therapy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Disease-a-Month","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.disamonth.2021.101166","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101166"}}