{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T09:13:27Z","timestamp":1760865207707},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,1]],"date-time":"2006-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1146441600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Digestive and Liver Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,19]],"date-time":"2006-01-19T19:07:22Z","timestamp":1137697642000},"page":"289-295","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Endoscopic ultrasonography in the diagnosis and management of portal hypertension. Where are we next?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"S.N.","family":"Sgouros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Bergele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Avgerinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528609091866","article-title":"Detection of portal hypertension and esophageal varices by mean of endoscopic ultrasonography","volume":"21","author":"Caletti","year":"1986","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840080603","article-title":"Three-dimensional view of the vascular structure of the lower esophagus in clinical portal hypertension","volume":"8","author":"Hashizume","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(87)90453-7","article-title":"Normal venous circulation of the gastroesophageal junction. A route to understanding varices","volume":"93","author":"Vianna","year":"1987","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840110302","article-title":"Agreement among multiple observers on endoscopic diagnosis of esophageal varices before bleeding","volume":"11","author":"Bendtsen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib5","first-page":"156","article-title":"Gastroesophageal endoscopic features in cirrhosis. Observer variability, inter-association, and relationship to hepatic dysfunction","volume":"98","author":"Cales","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-25286","article-title":"Diagnosis of gastroesophageal varices and portal collateral venous abnormalities by endosonography in cirrhotic patients","volume":"34","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(90)71011-5","article-title":"Assessment of portal hypertension by endoscopic ultrasonography","volume":"36","author":"Caletti","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(96)70161-X","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound signs of portal hypertension in cirrhosis","volume":"44","author":"Burtin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(05)80581-1","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasonography classification of gastric varices in patients with cirrhosis: comparison with endoscopic findings","volume":"19","author":"Boustiere","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(88)71294-8","article-title":"The important role of EUS in the assessment of patients with portal hypertension","volume":"34","author":"Caletti","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510240315","article-title":"Comparison of high-resolution endoluminal sonography to video endoscopy in the detection and evaluation of esophageal varices","volume":"24","author":"Miller","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(99)70484-0","article-title":"Endosonographic diagnosis of submucosal upper gastrointestinal tract lesions and large fold gastropathies by catheter ultrasound probe","volume":"49","author":"Buscarini","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(96)70093-7","article-title":"Use of high-resolution endoluminal sonography to measure the radius and wall thickness of esophageal varices","volume":"44","author":"Schiano","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v113.pm9352867","article-title":"Endoscopic assessment of variceal volume and wall tension in cirrhotic patients: effect of pharmacological therapy","volume":"113","author":"Escorsell","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.148.1.131","article-title":"CT evaluation of esophageal varices","volume":"148","author":"Balthazar","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib16","first-page":"83","article-title":"Comparison of endoscopic ultrasound and computed tomogram in the evaluation of periesophageal varices","volume":"5","author":"Lo","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib17","first-page":"1250","article-title":"Endosonographic evaluation of the venous anatomy around the gastroesophageal junction in patients with portal hypertension","volume":"43","author":"Choudhuri","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1053\/ge.1999.v50.97777","article-title":"EUS analysis of collateral veins inside and outside the esophageal wall in portal hypertension","volume":"50","author":"Irisawa","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2000.107297","article-title":"EUS in cirrhotic patients with and without prior variceal hemorrhage in comparison with noncirrhotic control subjects","volume":"52","author":"Faigel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(99)70343-3","article-title":"The use of color Doppler EUS in assessing azygos blood flow for patients with portal hypertension","volume":"50","author":"Lee","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1004301","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasonographic study of the azygos vein in patients with varices","volume":"29","author":"Salama","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(98)70040-9","article-title":"Observation of thoracic duct morphology in portal hypertension by endoscopic ultrasound","volume":"48","author":"Parasher","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(99)70490-6","article-title":"Endosonographic, endoscopic, and histologic evaluation of alterations in the rectal venous system in patients with portal hypertension","volume":"49","author":"Dhiman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840040312","article-title":"Measurement of the azygos venous blood flow by a continuous thermal dilution technique: an index of blood flow through gastroesophageal collaterals in cirrhosis","volume":"4","author":"Bosch","year":"1984","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.198.2.8596849","article-title":"Azygos blood flow in cirrhosis: measurement with MR imaging and correlation with variceal hemorrhage","volume":"198","author":"Wu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2002.122333","article-title":"Hemodynamic assessment of the left gastric vein in patients with esophageal varices with color Doppler EUS: factors affecting development of esophageal varices","volume":"55","author":"Hino","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.155.2.3983381","article-title":"Esophageal varices correlation of left gastric venography and endoscopy in patients with portal hypertension","volume":"155","author":"Takashi","year":"1985","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1989.01410080097016","article-title":"Angioarchitectual classification of esophageal varices and paraesophageal veins in selective left gastric venography","volume":"124","author":"Hashizume","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(95)70237-7","article-title":"Duplex Doppler endosonography in the diagnosis of splenic vein, portal vein, and portosystemic shunt thrombosis","volume":"42","author":"Wiersema","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(03)02544-6","article-title":"EUS-guided portal vein catheterization and pressure measurement in an animal model: a pilot study of feasibility","volume":"59","author":"Lai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1177\/000313480507100515","article-title":"Preoperative evaluation of endoscopic ultrasonography and portography in selecting devascularization surgery for esophagogastric varices","volume":"71","author":"Hsieh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-17339","article-title":"Hemodynamic analysis of esophageal varices using color Doppler endoscopic ultrasonography to predict recurrence after endoscopic treatment","volume":"33","author":"Hino","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840190310","article-title":"Influence of paraesophageal venous collaterals on efficacy of endoscopic sclerotherapy for esophageal varices","volume":"19","author":"Lin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v112.pm9178670","article-title":"Large para-oesophageal varices on endosonography predict recurrence of oesophageal varices and rebleeding","volume":"112","author":"Leung","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(99)70038-6","article-title":"Prevalence of para-esophageal varices and gastric varices in patients achieving variceal obliteration by banding ligation and by injection sclerotherapy","volume":"49","author":"Lo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2001.108479","article-title":"Endoscopic recurrence of esophageal varices is associated with specific EUS abnormalities: severe peri-esophageal collateral veins and large perforating veins","volume":"53","author":"Irisawa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2000.109801","article-title":"EUS changes predictive for recurrence of esophageal varices in patients treated by combined endoscopic ligation and sclerotherapy","volume":"52","author":"Suzuki","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib38","first-page":"1517","article-title":"Comparison of endoscopic variceal injection sclerotherapy and ligation for the treatment of esophageal variceal hemorrhage: a prospective randomized trial","volume":"21","author":"Hou","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)90440-5","article-title":"Recurrence rate of oesophageal varices with endoscopic banding ligation followed by injection sclerotherapy [letter]","volume":"344","author":"Hashizume","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib40","first-page":"523","article-title":"The use of ultrasonic microprobe imaging for endoscopic variceal ligation","volume":"91","author":"Nagamine","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1998.00150.x","article-title":"A pilot study on modified endoscopic variceal ligation using endoscopic ultrasonography with color Doppler function","volume":"93","author":"Nagamine","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(00)70363-4","article-title":"Obliteration of esophageal varices using EUS-guided sclerotherapy with color Doppler","volume":"51","author":"Lahoti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2000.107911","article-title":"Endosonography guided injection of cyanoacrylate for bleeding gastric varices","volume":"52","author":"Lee","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2001.115336","article-title":"Validation of color Doppler EUS for azygos blood flow measurement in patients with cirrhosis: application to the acute hemodynamic effects of somatostatin, octreotide, or placebo","volume":"54","author":"Nishida","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90962-C","article-title":"Manometry of esophageal varices: comparison of an endoscopic balloon technique with needle puncture","volume":"105","author":"Gertsch","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-35840","article-title":"Endosonographic Doppler-guided manometry of esophageal varices: experimental validation and clinical feasibility","volume":"34","author":"Pontes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endoscopy"}],"container-title":["Digestive and Liver Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1590865805005190?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1590865805005190?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T21:27:45Z","timestamp":1626989265000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1590865805005190"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1590865805005190"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dld.2005.11.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-8658"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-8658","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]}}}